In the mammalian central ner vous system, neuronal loss induced by injuries or in neurodegenerative diseases is often irreversible(Quigley, 2016;Gan et al., 2018).Following the disease insult, the surviving neurons ma...In the mammalian central ner vous system, neuronal loss induced by injuries or in neurodegenerative diseases is often irreversible(Quigley, 2016;Gan et al., 2018).Following the disease insult, the surviving neurons may continue to lose their functionality because their axons degenerate and fail to maintain proper synaptic connections, and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be investigated(Raff et al., 2002;Bei et al., 2016;Quigley, 2016).展开更多
Pastoralism is considered a crucial factor in the eventual year-round occupation of high-altitude regions(>3000 m asl)of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(NE-QTP)was an import...Pastoralism is considered a crucial factor in the eventual year-round occupation of high-altitude regions(>3000 m asl)of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(NE-QTP)was an important corridor for early human occupation.We analyzed fossil fungal spore records for the last 8500 years from a high resolution aeolian section at Langgeri(LGR)on the NE-QTP.Thirty-two fungal spore types were identified in the LGR section,including seven coprophilous types.We combined analysis of coprophilous fungal spores,Cyperaceae,Artemisia,and Hippophae pollen,and the charcoal>50µm fraction to explore the timing and controls of pastoralism on the NE-QTP since the middle Holocene.Pastoralism commenced at LGR shortly before ca.5.5 ka and gradually increased between ca.5.5–3.5 ka,but markedly intensified after ca.2.2 ka,with three periods of growth at ca.2.1–1.9,1.4–1.2,and 0.6–0 ka,and a decline at ca.1.1–0.6 ka.The timing of changes in pastoral activity on the NE-QTP based on the coprophilous fungal spore record is supported by regional archeology and historical documents.Technological and political developments,rather than climate change,played key roles in the long-term fluctuations of regional pastoralism on the NE-QTP in the late Holocene.展开更多
基金supported by NIH grants R01EY029121 (to XL and HFZ)R01EY026286 (to XL)。
文摘In the mammalian central ner vous system, neuronal loss induced by injuries or in neurodegenerative diseases is often irreversible(Quigley, 2016;Gan et al., 2018).Following the disease insult, the surviving neurons may continue to lose their functionality because their axons degenerate and fail to maintain proper synaptic connections, and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be investigated(Raff et al., 2002;Bei et al., 2016;Quigley, 2016).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41877455)the Science and Technology Innovation Platform Project of Qinghai Province(Grant No.2020-ZJ-T06)+2 种基金the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,CASGrant No.183123)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(Grant No.2019QZKK0805).
文摘Pastoralism is considered a crucial factor in the eventual year-round occupation of high-altitude regions(>3000 m asl)of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(NE-QTP)was an important corridor for early human occupation.We analyzed fossil fungal spore records for the last 8500 years from a high resolution aeolian section at Langgeri(LGR)on the NE-QTP.Thirty-two fungal spore types were identified in the LGR section,including seven coprophilous types.We combined analysis of coprophilous fungal spores,Cyperaceae,Artemisia,and Hippophae pollen,and the charcoal>50µm fraction to explore the timing and controls of pastoralism on the NE-QTP since the middle Holocene.Pastoralism commenced at LGR shortly before ca.5.5 ka and gradually increased between ca.5.5–3.5 ka,but markedly intensified after ca.2.2 ka,with three periods of growth at ca.2.1–1.9,1.4–1.2,and 0.6–0 ka,and a decline at ca.1.1–0.6 ka.The timing of changes in pastoral activity on the NE-QTP based on the coprophilous fungal spore record is supported by regional archeology and historical documents.Technological and political developments,rather than climate change,played key roles in the long-term fluctuations of regional pastoralism on the NE-QTP in the late Holocene.
