Background:With the expansion of urban areas,the remnants of forested areas play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity in urban environments.This study aimed to explore the impact of spatiotemporal urban expansion...Background:With the expansion of urban areas,the remnants of forested areas play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity in urban environments.This study aimed to explore the impact of spatiotemporal urban expansion on the networks of leaf traits in woody plants within remnant forest patches,thereby enhancing our understanding of plant adaptive strategies and contributing to the conservation of urban biodiversity.Methods:Our study examined woody plants within 120 sample plots across 15 remnant forest patches in Guiyang,China.We constructed leaf trait networks (LTNs) based on 26 anatomical,structural,and compositional leaf traits and assessed the effects of the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban expansion on these LTNs.Results and conclusions:Our results indicate that shrubs within these patches have greater average path lengths and diameters than trees.With increasing urban expansion intensity,we observed a rise in the edge density of the LTN-shrubs.Additionally,modularity within the networks of shrubs decreased as road density and urban expansion intensity increased,and increases in the average path length and average clustering coefficient for shrubs were observed with a rise in the composite terrain complexity index.Notably,patches subjected to‘leapfrog’expansion exhibited greater average patch length and diameter than those experiencing edge growth.Stomatal traits were found to have high degree centrality within these networks,signifying their substantial contribution to multiple functions.In urban remnant forests,shrubs bolster their resilience to variable environmental pressures by augmenting the complexity of their leaf trait networks.展开更多
The bimetallic nanostructures that mix a plasmonic metal with a transition metal in the form of the core-shell nanoparticles are promising to promote catalytic performance.But it is still unclear how the heat(hot elec...The bimetallic nanostructures that mix a plasmonic metal with a transition metal in the form of the core-shell nanoparticles are promising to promote catalytic performance.But it is still unclear how the heat(hot electrons and phonons)transfers on the interface between two metals.We have designed and synthesized Au@Cu bimetallic nanoparticles with Au as core and Cu as shell.By using transient absorption spectroscopy,we find that there are two plasmon induced heat funneling processes from Au core to Cu shell.One is the electron temperature equilibrium(electron heat transfer)with equilibration time of~560 fs.The other is the lattice temperature equilibrium(lattice heat transfer)with equilibration time of~13 ps.This plasmon induced heat funneling may be universal in similar bimetallic nanostructures,so our finding could contribute to further understanding the catalytic mechanism of bimetallic plasmonic photothermal catalysis.展开更多
In this study,we isolated starches from non-traditional sources,including quinoa,lentil,arrowhead,gorgon fruit,sorghum,chickpea,proso millet,and purple potato and investigated their morphology,physicochemical,and func...In this study,we isolated starches from non-traditional sources,including quinoa,lentil,arrowhead,gorgon fruit,sorghum,chickpea,proso millet,and purple potato and investigated their morphology,physicochemical,and functional properties.Significant differences in starch particle morphology,swelling power,solubility,syneresis,crystalline pattern,and pasting viscosity were observed among the starches from these nontraditional sources.Further,all these isolated starches had unique properties because of their characteristic distinct granules when seen under scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The amylose content of the isolated starches shown significant difference(P<0.05),and the values ranged between 11.46%and 37.61%.Results demonstrated that the isolated starches contained between 79.82%to 86.56%starch,indicating that the isolated starches had high purity.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns of starches isolated from sorghum,proso millet,quinoa,purple potato,and gorgon fruit presented A-type diffraction pattern;while lentil seeds,arrowhead,and chickpea starches presented C-type diffraction pattern.Overall,these results will promote the development of products based on starch isolated from non-traditional starches.展开更多
For subunit vaccines,adjuvants play a key role in shaping the magnitude,persistence and form of targeted antigen-specific immune response.Flagellin is a potent immune activator by bridging innate inflammatory response...For subunit vaccines,adjuvants play a key role in shaping the magnitude,persistence and form of targeted antigen-specific immune response.Flagellin is a potent immune activator by bridging innate inflammatory responses and adaptive immunity and an adjuvant candidate for clinical application.Calcium phosphate nanoparticles are efficient carriers for different biomolecules like DNA,RNA,peptides and proteins.Flagellin-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles were prepared and their immunostimulatory effect on the innate immune system,i.e.the cytokine production,was studied.They induced the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 （Caco-2 cells） and IL-1β（bone marrow-derived macrophages; BMDM） in vitro and IL-6 in vivo after intraperitoneal injection in mice.The immunostimulation was more pronounced than with free flagellin.展开更多
Background:Urban remnant forests are embedded in urban areas and are threatened directly and indirectly by urbanization.The direct effects(e.g.,loss of area)have been well studied.However,knowledge about the indirect ...Background:Urban remnant forests are embedded in urban areas and are threatened directly and indirectly by urbanization.The direct effects(e.g.,loss of area)have been well studied.However,knowledge about the indirect influence of urbanization through edge effects on the biodiversity in remnant forests is limited.Methods:In this study,we surveyed woody plant species in 72 plots in nine remnant forest patches in Guiyang,China.We examined the influences of urbanization and edge effects on the species diversity and composition of woody plants in remnant forests.We compared alpha diversities and quantified compositional dissimilarities in interior and edge sites at different levels of urbanization.We also measured the niche width of the recorded plant species and assessed whether high levels of urbanization and edge effects increased the number of generalist species.Results and conclusions:The Shannon index,the Simpson index and the Pielou index of adult trees were lowest in the edge habitat under high levels of urbanization.Significant differences in the Shannon index and the Simpson index of sapling/seedling were detected between interior and edge sites under low urbanization.The edge effects on the species composition of adult trees were intensified by high levels of urbanization.Woody plant species with wide niche widths were more abundant at edge sites under high levels of urbanization.Therefore,we recommend that urban expansion surrounding remnant patches should be strictly controlled to alleviate edge effects on biodiversity.展开更多
Specimen observation and dissection have been regarded as the best approach to teach anatomy,but due to the severe lack of anatomical specimens in recent years,the quality of anatomy teaching has been seriously affect...Specimen observation and dissection have been regarded as the best approach to teach anatomy,but due to the severe lack of anatomical specimens in recent years,the quality of anatomy teaching has been seriously affected.In order to disseminate anatomical knowledge effectively under such circumstances,this study discusses three key factors(modeling,perception,and interaction)involved in constructing virtual anatomy teaching systems in detail.To ensure the authenticity,integrity,and accuracy of modeling,detailed three-dimensional(3D)digital anatomical models are constructed using multi-scale data,such as the Chinese Visible Human dataset,clinical imaging data,tissue sections,and other sources.The anatomical knowledge ontology is built according to the needs of the particular teaching purposes.Various kinds of anatomical knowledge and 3D digital anatomical models are organically combined to construct virtual anatomy teaching system by means of virtual reality equipment and technology.The perception of knowledge is realized by the Yi Chuang Digital Human Anatomy Teaching System that we have created.The virtual interaction mode,which is similar to actual anatomical specimen observation and dissection,can enhance the transmissibility of anatomical knowledge.This virtual anatomy teaching system captures the three key factors.It can provide realistic and reusable teaching resources,expand the new medical education model,and effectively improve the quality of anatomy teaching.展开更多
Rural complex is a bright spot for China to realize the development of new industries for rural revitalization.Starting from the concept,development history and current situation of rural complex,based on the perspect...Rural complex is a bright spot for China to realize the development of new industries for rural revitalization.Starting from the concept,development history and current situation of rural complex,based on the perspective of production-living-ecological space,according to the different characteristics of agriculture and tourism,3 secondary indices and 18 tertiary indices were selected,and each of them was weighted using the Delphi expert consultation method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)to construct an evaluation system for the coupling degree of agriculture and tourism in rural complex.The results show gross domestic product and forest coverage have the most significant impact on agriculture,economic benefits and the ecological water quality of tourist attractions have the most significant impact on the tourism industry,and tourism economic benefits and agricultural ecological benefits have the most significant impact on rural complex.展开更多
objective: to explore the effect of detail nursing intervention on headache and negative emotion in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods: the clinical data of 100 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage from Januar...objective: to explore the effect of detail nursing intervention on headache and negative emotion in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods: the clinical data of 100 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage from January 2015 to January 2017 of neurosurgery in our hospital were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, Detail nursing intervention in experimental group, Comparison of two groups of clinical nursing effects. Results the duration of hospitalization and headache in the experimental group were shorter than those in the control group. Fewer headaches than control group (P<0.05) Less headache than control group (p<0.05). Results: the results of SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05) after nursing in the experimental group. Conclusion: the patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage receive detailed nursing intervention;contribute to the alleviation of their headache symptoms, Relieves the patient of negative emotional problems.展开更多
Developing a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for combatting the epidemic.Here,we investigated long-term immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 for the intranasal vaccination of a triple rece...Developing a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for combatting the epidemic.Here,we investigated long-term immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 for the intranasal vaccination of a triple receptor-binding domain(RBD)scaffold protein(3R-NC)adjuvanted with a flagellin protein(KFD)(3R-NC+KFDi.n).In mice,the vaccination elicited RBD-specific broad-neutralizing antibody responses in both serum and mucosal sites sustained at high level over a year.This long-lasting humoral immunity was correlated with the presence of long-lived RBD-specific IgG-and IgA-producing plasma cells,alongside the Th17 and Tfh17-biased T-cell responses driven by the KFD adjuvant.Based upon these preclinical findings,an open labeled clinical trial was conducted in individuals who had been primed with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2(IAV)vaccine.With a favorable safety profile,the 3R-NC+KFDi.n boost elicited enduring broad-neutralizing IgG in plasma and IgA in salivary secretions.To meet the challenge of frequently emerged variants,we further designed an updated triple-RBD scaffold protein with mutated RBD combinations,which can induce adaptable antibody responses to neutralize the newly emerging variants,including JN.1.Our findings highlight the potential of the KFD-adjuvanted triple-RBD scaffold protein is a promising prototype for the development of a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.展开更多
Dear Editor,Though COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and clinically deployed rapidly,new variants of concern(VOCs)are still emerging frequently and escalating around the world.More breakthrough infections occurred...Dear Editor,Though COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and clinically deployed rapidly,new variants of concern(VOCs)are still emerging frequently and escalating around the world.More breakthrough infections occurred even vaccination rates are high.For possible ending of the pandemic,curbing infection and stopping transmission are priority.展开更多
Three kinds of Ce-based catalysts(CePO_(4),CeVO_(4),Ce_(2)(SO_(4))_(3))were synthesized and used for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO by NH_(3).NH_(3)-SCR performances were conducted in the temperature rang...Three kinds of Ce-based catalysts(CePO_(4),CeVO_(4),Ce_(2)(SO_(4))_(3))were synthesized and used for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO by NH_(3).NH_(3)-SCR performances were conducted in the temperature range of 80 to 400°C.The catalytic efficiencies of the three catalysts are as follow:CePO_(4)>CeVO_(4)>Ce_(2)(SO_(4))_(3),which is in agreement with their abilities of NH_(3)adsorption capacities.The highest NO conversion rate of CePO_(4)could reach about 95%,and the catalyst had more than 90%NO conversion rate between 260 and 320°C.The effect of PO_(4)^(3–),VO_(4)^(3–)and SO_(4)^(2–)on NH_(3)-SCR performances of Ce-based catalysts was systematically investigated by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis,NH_(3)temperature programmed desorption,H2 temperature programmed reduction and field emission scanning electron microscopy tests.The key factors that can enhance the SCR are the existence of Ce4+,large NH_(3)adsorption capacity,high and early H2 consumptions,and suitable microstructures for gas adsorption.Finally,CePO_(4)and CeVO_(4)catalysts also exhibited relatively strong tolerance of SO2,and the upward trend about 8%was detected due to the sulfation enhancement by SO2 for Ce_(2)(SO_(4))3.展开更多
Fine-grained sediments are Quaternary sediments with grain sizes of not more than 2 mm.They startfirst when meeting water,their stability is related to the initial water volume triggering debrisflow,and thus plays an ...Fine-grained sediments are Quaternary sediments with grain sizes of not more than 2 mm.They startfirst when meeting water,their stability is related to the initial water volume triggering debrisflow,and thus plays an important role in debrisflow hazards early warning.The permeability coefficient is the inter-controlled factor offine-grained sediment stability.However,there is no hyperspectral model for detecting thefine-grained sediment permeability coefficient in large areas,which seriously affects the progress of debrisflow hazards early warning.Therefore,it is of great significance to establish a hyperspectral detection model for the permeability coefficient offine-grained sediments.Taking Beichuan County,Southwestern China as the case,a permeability coefficient hyperspectral detection model was established.The results show that eight bands are sensitive to the permeability coefficient with correlation coefficient(R)of 0.6343.T-test on the model shows that P-a values for sensitive bands are all less than 0.05,indicating the established model has a good prediction ability with a precision of 85.83%.These sensitive bands also indicate the spectral characteristics of the permeability coefficient.Therefore,it provides a scientific basis forfine-grained sediment stability detection in large areas and lays a theoretical foundation for debrisflow hazards’early warning.展开更多
Bacterial flagellin is a unique pathogen-associated molecular pattern （PAMP）, which can be recognized by surface localized Toll-like receptor 5 （TLR5） and the cytosolic NOD-like receptor （NLR） protein 4 （NLRC4...Bacterial flagellin is a unique pathogen-associated molecular pattern （PAMP）, which can be recognized by surface localized Toll-like receptor 5 （TLR5） and the cytosolic NOD-like receptor （NLR） protein 4 （NLRC4） receptors. Activation of the TLR5 and/or NLRC4 signaling pathways by flagellin and the resulting immune responses play important roles in anti-bacterial immunity. However, it remains unclear how the dual activities of flagellin that activate the TLR5 and/or NLRC4 signaling pathways orchestrate the immune responses. In this study, we assessed the effects of flagellin and its mutants lacking the ability to activate TLR5 and NLRC4 alone or in combination on the adaptive immune responses against flagellin. Flagellin that was unable to activate NLRC4 induced a significantly higher antibody response than did wild-type flagellin. The increased antibody response could be eliminated when macrophages were depleted in vivo. The activation of NLRC4 by flagellin downregulated the flagellin-induced and TLR5-mediated immune responses against flagellin.展开更多
The rapid mutation and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants urge the development of effective mucosal vaccines to provide broadspectrum protection against the initial infection and thereby curb the transmission potential.Her...The rapid mutation and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants urge the development of effective mucosal vaccines to provide broadspectrum protection against the initial infection and thereby curb the transmission potential.Here,we designed a chimeric tripleRBD immunogen,3Ro-NC,harboring one Delta RBD and two Omicron RBDs within a novel protein scaffold.3Ro-NC elicits potent and broad RBD-specific neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.Notably,intranasal immunization with 3RoNC plus the mucosal adjuvant KFD(3Ro-NC+KFDi.n)elicits coordinated mucosal IgA and higher neutralizing antibody specificity(closer antigenic distance)against the Omicron variant.In Omicron-challenged human ACE2 transgenic mice,3Ro-NC+KFDi.n immunization significantly reduces the tissue pathology in the lung and lowers the viral RNA copy numbers in both the lung(85.7-fold)and the nasal turbinate(13.6-fold).Nasal virologic control is highly correlated with RBD-specific secretory IgA antibodies.Our data show that 3Ro-NC plus KFD is a promising mucosal vaccine candidate for protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection,pathology and transmission potential.展开更多
The innate immune system plays an essential role in the host defense against infections by initially sensing and recognizing diverse microbial pathogens and directing adaptive immune responses to their infections.How ...The innate immune system plays an essential role in the host defense against infections by initially sensing and recognizing diverse microbial pathogens and directing adaptive immune responses to their infections.How does the innate immune system sense and recognize pathogens?The identification of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)during the past decades has brought us into a new era to explore this fundamental question.PRRs are an array of germline-encoded multifunctional proteins that do not recognize specific pathogens but rather recognize conserved molecular patterns associated with various classes of pathogens,leading to pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs).展开更多
B cell response plays a critical role against SARS-CoV-2 infection.However,little is known about the diversity and frequency of the paired SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific BCR repertoire after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Here,we ...B cell response plays a critical role against SARS-CoV-2 infection.However,little is known about the diversity and frequency of the paired SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific BCR repertoire after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Here,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and VDJ sequencing using the memory and plasma B cells isolated from five convalescent COVID-19 patients,and analyzed the spectrum and transcriptional heterogeneity of antibody immune responses.Via linking BCR to antigen specificity through sequencing(LIBRA-seq),we identified a distinct activated memory B cell subgroup(CD11c^(high) CD95^(high))had a higher proportion of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-labeled cells compared with memory B cells.Our results revealed the diversity of paired BCR repertoire and the non-stochastic pairing of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific immunoglobulin heavy and light chains after SARS-CoV-2 infection.The public antibody clonotypes were shared by distinct convalescent individuals.Moreover,several antibodies isolated by LIBRA-seq showed high binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain(RBD)or nucleoprotein(NP)via ELISA assay.Two RBD-reactive antibodies C14646P3S and C2767P3S isolated by LIBRA-seq exhibited high neutralizing activities against both pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2 viruses in vitro.Our study provides fundamental insights into B cell response following SARS-CoV-2 infection at the single-cell level.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32360418)the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program (Natural Science)(No.QianKeHeJiChu-ZK[2024]YiBan022)。
文摘Background:With the expansion of urban areas,the remnants of forested areas play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity in urban environments.This study aimed to explore the impact of spatiotemporal urban expansion on the networks of leaf traits in woody plants within remnant forest patches,thereby enhancing our understanding of plant adaptive strategies and contributing to the conservation of urban biodiversity.Methods:Our study examined woody plants within 120 sample plots across 15 remnant forest patches in Guiyang,China.We constructed leaf trait networks (LTNs) based on 26 anatomical,structural,and compositional leaf traits and assessed the effects of the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban expansion on these LTNs.Results and conclusions:Our results indicate that shrubs within these patches have greater average path lengths and diameters than trees.With increasing urban expansion intensity,we observed a rise in the edge density of the LTN-shrubs.Additionally,modularity within the networks of shrubs decreased as road density and urban expansion intensity increased,and increases in the average path length and average clustering coefficient for shrubs were observed with a rise in the composite terrain complexity index.Notably,patches subjected to‘leapfrog’expansion exhibited greater average patch length and diameter than those experiencing edge growth.Stomatal traits were found to have high degree centrality within these networks,signifying their substantial contribution to multiple functions.In urban remnant forests,shrubs bolster their resilience to variable environmental pressures by augmenting the complexity of their leaf trait networks.
基金supported by the National Naural Science Foudation of China(No.21873013 and No.22273006).
文摘The bimetallic nanostructures that mix a plasmonic metal with a transition metal in the form of the core-shell nanoparticles are promising to promote catalytic performance.But it is still unclear how the heat(hot electrons and phonons)transfers on the interface between two metals.We have designed and synthesized Au@Cu bimetallic nanoparticles with Au as core and Cu as shell.By using transient absorption spectroscopy,we find that there are two plasmon induced heat funneling processes from Au core to Cu shell.One is the electron temperature equilibrium(electron heat transfer)with equilibration time of~560 fs.The other is the lattice temperature equilibrium(lattice heat transfer)with equilibration time of~13 ps.This plasmon induced heat funneling may be universal in similar bimetallic nanostructures,so our finding could contribute to further understanding the catalytic mechanism of bimetallic plasmonic photothermal catalysis.
基金jointly supported by two research grants(R202016 and R202017)from Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College,China。
文摘In this study,we isolated starches from non-traditional sources,including quinoa,lentil,arrowhead,gorgon fruit,sorghum,chickpea,proso millet,and purple potato and investigated their morphology,physicochemical,and functional properties.Significant differences in starch particle morphology,swelling power,solubility,syneresis,crystalline pattern,and pasting viscosity were observed among the starches from these nontraditional sources.Further,all these isolated starches had unique properties because of their characteristic distinct granules when seen under scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The amylose content of the isolated starches shown significant difference(P<0.05),and the values ranged between 11.46%and 37.61%.Results demonstrated that the isolated starches contained between 79.82%to 86.56%starch,indicating that the isolated starches had high purity.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns of starches isolated from sorghum,proso millet,quinoa,purple potato,and gorgon fruit presented A-type diffraction pattern;while lentil seeds,arrowhead,and chickpea starches presented C-type diffraction pattern.Overall,these results will promote the development of products based on starch isolated from non-traditional starches.
基金supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(SFB/Transregio 60)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.81302609 and 81202312)
文摘For subunit vaccines,adjuvants play a key role in shaping the magnitude,persistence and form of targeted antigen-specific immune response.Flagellin is a potent immune activator by bridging innate inflammatory responses and adaptive immunity and an adjuvant candidate for clinical application.Calcium phosphate nanoparticles are efficient carriers for different biomolecules like DNA,RNA,peptides and proteins.Flagellin-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles were prepared and their immunostimulatory effect on the innate immune system,i.e.the cytokine production,was studied.They induced the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 （Caco-2 cells） and IL-1β（bone marrow-derived macrophages; BMDM） in vitro and IL-6 in vivo after intraperitoneal injection in mice.The immunostimulation was more pronounced than with free flagellin.
基金funded by the Guizhou Science and Technology Department under Grant(QKHLHZ[2016]7447)the first-class discipline construction project of Guizhou Province under Grant(GNYL[2017]007).
文摘Background:Urban remnant forests are embedded in urban areas and are threatened directly and indirectly by urbanization.The direct effects(e.g.,loss of area)have been well studied.However,knowledge about the indirect influence of urbanization through edge effects on the biodiversity in remnant forests is limited.Methods:In this study,we surveyed woody plant species in 72 plots in nine remnant forest patches in Guiyang,China.We examined the influences of urbanization and edge effects on the species diversity and composition of woody plants in remnant forests.We compared alpha diversities and quantified compositional dissimilarities in interior and edge sites at different levels of urbanization.We also measured the niche width of the recorded plant species and assessed whether high levels of urbanization and edge effects increased the number of generalist species.Results and conclusions:The Shannon index,the Simpson index and the Pielou index of adult trees were lowest in the edge habitat under high levels of urbanization.Significant differences in the Shannon index and the Simpson index of sapling/seedling were detected between interior and edge sites under low urbanization.The edge effects on the species composition of adult trees were intensified by high levels of urbanization.Woody plant species with wide niche widths were more abundant at edge sites under high levels of urbanization.Therefore,we recommend that urban expansion surrounding remnant patches should be strictly controlled to alleviate edge effects on biodiversity.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61190122).
文摘Specimen observation and dissection have been regarded as the best approach to teach anatomy,but due to the severe lack of anatomical specimens in recent years,the quality of anatomy teaching has been seriously affected.In order to disseminate anatomical knowledge effectively under such circumstances,this study discusses three key factors(modeling,perception,and interaction)involved in constructing virtual anatomy teaching systems in detail.To ensure the authenticity,integrity,and accuracy of modeling,detailed three-dimensional(3D)digital anatomical models are constructed using multi-scale data,such as the Chinese Visible Human dataset,clinical imaging data,tissue sections,and other sources.The anatomical knowledge ontology is built according to the needs of the particular teaching purposes.Various kinds of anatomical knowledge and 3D digital anatomical models are organically combined to construct virtual anatomy teaching system by means of virtual reality equipment and technology.The perception of knowledge is realized by the Yi Chuang Digital Human Anatomy Teaching System that we have created.The virtual interaction mode,which is similar to actual anatomical specimen observation and dissection,can enhance the transmissibility of anatomical knowledge.This virtual anatomy teaching system captures the three key factors.It can provide realistic and reusable teaching resources,expand the new medical education model,and effectively improve the quality of anatomy teaching.
基金National Undergraduates'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China(201910626028).
文摘Rural complex is a bright spot for China to realize the development of new industries for rural revitalization.Starting from the concept,development history and current situation of rural complex,based on the perspective of production-living-ecological space,according to the different characteristics of agriculture and tourism,3 secondary indices and 18 tertiary indices were selected,and each of them was weighted using the Delphi expert consultation method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)to construct an evaluation system for the coupling degree of agriculture and tourism in rural complex.The results show gross domestic product and forest coverage have the most significant impact on agriculture,economic benefits and the ecological water quality of tourist attractions have the most significant impact on the tourism industry,and tourism economic benefits and agricultural ecological benefits have the most significant impact on rural complex.
文摘objective: to explore the effect of detail nursing intervention on headache and negative emotion in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods: the clinical data of 100 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage from January 2015 to January 2017 of neurosurgery in our hospital were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, Detail nursing intervention in experimental group, Comparison of two groups of clinical nursing effects. Results the duration of hospitalization and headache in the experimental group were shorter than those in the control group. Fewer headaches than control group (P<0.05) Less headache than control group (p<0.05). Results: the results of SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05) after nursing in the experimental group. Conclusion: the patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage receive detailed nursing intervention;contribute to the alleviation of their headache symptoms, Relieves the patient of negative emotional problems.
基金National Key R&D program of China(Grant number:2022YFC2304204 to Y.-Q.C.,2021YFC2302602 to J.Y.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:82341041 to H.Y.and 92169104 to Y.-Q.C.)+1 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(Grant number:22Y11901000 to Q.W.)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant number:RCJC20210706092009004,JCYJ2020010914243811,KQTD20200820145822023 to Y.-Q.C.)supported this work in whole or in part.
文摘Developing a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for combatting the epidemic.Here,we investigated long-term immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 for the intranasal vaccination of a triple receptor-binding domain(RBD)scaffold protein(3R-NC)adjuvanted with a flagellin protein(KFD)(3R-NC+KFDi.n).In mice,the vaccination elicited RBD-specific broad-neutralizing antibody responses in both serum and mucosal sites sustained at high level over a year.This long-lasting humoral immunity was correlated with the presence of long-lived RBD-specific IgG-and IgA-producing plasma cells,alongside the Th17 and Tfh17-biased T-cell responses driven by the KFD adjuvant.Based upon these preclinical findings,an open labeled clinical trial was conducted in individuals who had been primed with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2(IAV)vaccine.With a favorable safety profile,the 3R-NC+KFDi.n boost elicited enduring broad-neutralizing IgG in plasma and IgA in salivary secretions.To meet the challenge of frequently emerged variants,we further designed an updated triple-RBD scaffold protein with mutated RBD combinations,which can induce adaptable antibody responses to neutralize the newly emerging variants,including JN.1.Our findings highlight the potential of the KFD-adjuvanted triple-RBD scaffold protein is a promising prototype for the development of a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
基金support and technical assistance at the core facility and biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) facility in Wuhan Institute of Virology,CASNational Key R&D program of China (2021YFC2302602)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (92169104,31970878 and 31970881)key project (2020YJFK-Z-0149)strategic priority research program (XDB29010101) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences National Natural Science Foundation of China,Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20200109142438111,KQTD20200820145822023,GXWD20201231165807008 and RCJC20210706092009004) supported this work.
文摘Dear Editor,Though COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and clinically deployed rapidly,new variants of concern(VOCs)are still emerging frequently and escalating around the world.More breakthrough infections occurred even vaccination rates are high.For possible ending of the pandemic,curbing infection and stopping transmission are priority.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52102367)And the tests of XRD and XPS were supported by Research and Test Center of Materials,Wuhan University of TechnologyDRIFTS,TPD and TPR tests were supported by State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures,Wuhan University of Technology.
文摘Three kinds of Ce-based catalysts(CePO_(4),CeVO_(4),Ce_(2)(SO_(4))_(3))were synthesized and used for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO by NH_(3).NH_(3)-SCR performances were conducted in the temperature range of 80 to 400°C.The catalytic efficiencies of the three catalysts are as follow:CePO_(4)>CeVO_(4)>Ce_(2)(SO_(4))_(3),which is in agreement with their abilities of NH_(3)adsorption capacities.The highest NO conversion rate of CePO_(4)could reach about 95%,and the catalyst had more than 90%NO conversion rate between 260 and 320°C.The effect of PO_(4)^(3–),VO_(4)^(3–)and SO_(4)^(2–)on NH_(3)-SCR performances of Ce-based catalysts was systematically investigated by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis,NH_(3)temperature programmed desorption,H2 temperature programmed reduction and field emission scanning electron microscopy tests.The key factors that can enhance the SCR are the existence of Ce4+,large NH_(3)adsorption capacity,high and early H2 consumptions,and suitable microstructures for gas adsorption.Finally,CePO_(4)and CeVO_(4)catalysts also exhibited relatively strong tolerance of SO2,and the upward trend about 8%was detected due to the sulfation enhancement by SO2 for Ce_(2)(SO_(4))3.
基金funded in part by the Innovative Research Program of the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals[grant number CBAS2022IRP03]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42071312]the Hainan Hundred Special Project[grant number 31,JTT[2018]].
文摘Fine-grained sediments are Quaternary sediments with grain sizes of not more than 2 mm.They startfirst when meeting water,their stability is related to the initial water volume triggering debrisflow,and thus plays an important role in debrisflow hazards early warning.The permeability coefficient is the inter-controlled factor offine-grained sediment stability.However,there is no hyperspectral model for detecting thefine-grained sediment permeability coefficient in large areas,which seriously affects the progress of debrisflow hazards early warning.Therefore,it is of great significance to establish a hyperspectral detection model for the permeability coefficient offine-grained sediments.Taking Beichuan County,Southwestern China as the case,a permeability coefficient hyperspectral detection model was established.The results show that eight bands are sensitive to the permeability coefficient with correlation coefficient(R)of 0.6343.T-test on the model shows that P-a values for sensitive bands are all less than 0.05,indicating the established model has a good prediction ability with a precision of 85.83%.These sensitive bands also indicate the spectral characteristics of the permeability coefficient.Therefore,it provides a scientific basis forfine-grained sediment stability detection in large areas and lays a theoretical foundation for debrisflow hazards’early warning.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant numbers 81202381 and 81202312）, the National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （Grant number 2012CB518904）, the National S＆T Major Project on Major Infectious Diseases （Grant numbers 2012ZX10001-008 and 2008ZX10001-010） from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People＇s Republic of China. We sincerely thank the Core Facility and Technical Support, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Xuefang An for valuable assistance in the animal studies and Ying Sun, Rong Bao, and Benxia He for their help with the sample collection.
文摘Bacterial flagellin is a unique pathogen-associated molecular pattern （PAMP）, which can be recognized by surface localized Toll-like receptor 5 （TLR5） and the cytosolic NOD-like receptor （NLR） protein 4 （NLRC4） receptors. Activation of the TLR5 and/or NLRC4 signaling pathways by flagellin and the resulting immune responses play important roles in anti-bacterial immunity. However, it remains unclear how the dual activities of flagellin that activate the TLR5 and/or NLRC4 signaling pathways orchestrate the immune responses. In this study, we assessed the effects of flagellin and its mutants lacking the ability to activate TLR5 and NLRC4 alone or in combination on the adaptive immune responses against flagellin. Flagellin that was unable to activate NLRC4 induced a significantly higher antibody response than did wild-type flagellin. The increased antibody response could be eliminated when macrophages were depleted in vivo. The activation of NLRC4 by flagellin downregulated the flagellin-induced and TLR5-mediated immune responses against flagellin.
基金This work was supported in whole or in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number:2021YFC2302602 to JY)the strategic priority research program(grant number XDB29010101)+1 种基金key project(2020YJFK-Z-0149)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(to Z-LS)This study was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970878 to JY,92169104 and 31970881 to Y-QC),Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant number: RCJC20210706092009004 and JCYJ20190807154603596 to Y-QC).
文摘The rapid mutation and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants urge the development of effective mucosal vaccines to provide broadspectrum protection against the initial infection and thereby curb the transmission potential.Here,we designed a chimeric tripleRBD immunogen,3Ro-NC,harboring one Delta RBD and two Omicron RBDs within a novel protein scaffold.3Ro-NC elicits potent and broad RBD-specific neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.Notably,intranasal immunization with 3RoNC plus the mucosal adjuvant KFD(3Ro-NC+KFDi.n)elicits coordinated mucosal IgA and higher neutralizing antibody specificity(closer antigenic distance)against the Omicron variant.In Omicron-challenged human ACE2 transgenic mice,3Ro-NC+KFDi.n immunization significantly reduces the tissue pathology in the lung and lowers the viral RNA copy numbers in both the lung(85.7-fold)and the nasal turbinate(13.6-fold).Nasal virologic control is highly correlated with RBD-specific secretory IgA antibodies.Our data show that 3Ro-NC plus KFD is a promising mucosal vaccine candidate for protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection,pathology and transmission potential.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31300717 and 81461130019)the Grants of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(TRR60 and GK1949).
文摘The innate immune system plays an essential role in the host defense against infections by initially sensing and recognizing diverse microbial pathogens and directing adaptive immune responses to their infections.How does the innate immune system sense and recognize pathogens?The identification of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)during the past decades has brought us into a new era to explore this fundamental question.PRRs are an array of germline-encoded multifunctional proteins that do not recognize specific pathogens but rather recognize conserved molecular patterns associated with various classes of pathogens,leading to pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970881)and(82041046)to Y.Q.C.Shenzhen Science and Technology Program under Grant(JCYJ20190807154603596 and JCYJ20200109142438111)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Project(2020YFC0841700)to M.W.the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32041002)to D.Y.G.the Special Fund for COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention&Control of Zhuhai City of China granted to S.D.C.
文摘B cell response plays a critical role against SARS-CoV-2 infection.However,little is known about the diversity and frequency of the paired SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific BCR repertoire after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Here,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and VDJ sequencing using the memory and plasma B cells isolated from five convalescent COVID-19 patients,and analyzed the spectrum and transcriptional heterogeneity of antibody immune responses.Via linking BCR to antigen specificity through sequencing(LIBRA-seq),we identified a distinct activated memory B cell subgroup(CD11c^(high) CD95^(high))had a higher proportion of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-labeled cells compared with memory B cells.Our results revealed the diversity of paired BCR repertoire and the non-stochastic pairing of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific immunoglobulin heavy and light chains after SARS-CoV-2 infection.The public antibody clonotypes were shared by distinct convalescent individuals.Moreover,several antibodies isolated by LIBRA-seq showed high binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain(RBD)or nucleoprotein(NP)via ELISA assay.Two RBD-reactive antibodies C14646P3S and C2767P3S isolated by LIBRA-seq exhibited high neutralizing activities against both pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2 viruses in vitro.Our study provides fundamental insights into B cell response following SARS-CoV-2 infection at the single-cell level.
