Upregulation of the glycine-rich protein-encoding gene GhGRPL enhances plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stressors by promoting secondary cell wall development

Abiotic and biotic stressors adversely affect plant survival,biomass generation,and crop yields.As the global availability of arable land declines and the impacts of global warming intensify,such stressors may have increasingly pronounced effects on agricultural productivity.Currently,researchers face the overarching challenge of comprehensively enhancing plant resilience to abiotic and biotic stressors.The secondary cell wall plays a crucial role in bolstering the stress resistance of plants.To increase plant resistance to stress through genetic manipulation of the secondary cell wall,we cloned a cell wall protein designated glycine-rich protein-like(GhGRPL)from cotton fibers,and found that it is specifically expressed during the period of secondary cell wall biosynthesis.Notably,this protein differs from its Arabidopsis homolog,AtGRP,since its glycine-rich domain is deficient in glycine residues.GhGRPL is involved in secondary cell wall deposition.Upregulation of GhGRPL enhances lignin accumulation and,consequently,the thickness of the secondary cell walls,thereby increasing the plant’s resistance to abiotic stressors,such as drought and salinity,and biotic threats,including Verticillium dahliae infection.Conversely,interference with GhGRPL expression in cotton reduces lignin accumulation and compromises that resistance.Taken together,our findings elucidate the role of GhGRPL in regulating secondary cell wall development through its influence on lignin deposition,which,in turn,reinforces cell wall robustness and impermeability.These findings highlight the promising near-future prospect of adopting GhGRPL as a viable,effective approach for enhancing plant resilience to abiotic and biotic stress factors.

Thorium anomaly on the lunar surface and its indicative meaning

The Moon has been divided into three terranes:Procellarum KREEP Terrane(PKT),Feldspathic Highland Terrane(FHT),and South Pole-Aitken Terrane(SPAT),using globally measured Th and FeO.Many lunar evolu-tion models have predicted that a lunar magma ocean will produce a residual layer enriched in incompatible elements such as K,REE,and P(i.e.,KREEP)in the late age of crys-tallization;and that the distribution of thorium can be used as a proxy for determining the global distribution of KREEP.The thorium distribution in these three terranes is inhomo-geneous.The highest concentration of thorium is in PKT,the medium concentration of thorium is in SPAT,and almost none in FHT.Then what is the specific distribution in each of the terrane and what enlightenment can it tell us?Here we present and describe the detailed thorium distribution in PKT,SPAT,and FHT and provide some information for the origin of asymmetries on the lunar surface.

Zonal activation of molecular carbon dioxide and hydrogen over dual sites Ni-Co-MgO catalyst for CO_(2) methanation:Synergistic catalysis of Ni and Co species

An in-depth mechanism in zonal activation of CO_(2)and H2molecular over dual-active sites has not been revealed yet.Here,Ni-Co-MgO was rationally constructed to elucidate the CO_(2)methanation mechanism.The abundant surface nickel and cobalt components as active sites led to strong Ni-Co interaction with charge transfer from nickel to cobalt.Notably,electron-enriched Coδ-species participated in efficient chemisorption and activation of CO_(2)to generate monodentate carbonate.Simultaneously,plentiful available Ni0sites facilitated H2dissociation,thus CO_(2)and H2were smoothly activated at zones of Coδ-species and Ni0,respectively.Detailed in situ DRIFTS,quasi situ XPS,TPSR,and DFT calculations substantiated a new formate evolution mechanism via monodentate carbonate instead of traditional bidentate carbonate based on synergistic catalysis of Coδ-species and Ni0.The zonal activation of CO_(2)and H2by tuning electron behaviors of double-center catalysts can boost heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation performance.

数字化创新与合作推动高等教育变革——2022世界慕课与在线教育联盟理事会综述

数字化转型已成为高等教育未来向更高质量发展的焦点趋势。在此背景下,高等教育机构抓牢变革机遇、把握时代脉搏、融汇各国经验、深化多边合作尤为重要。世界慕课与在线教育联盟自成立起一直致力于围绕合作教学、能力建设、知识共享与公众宣传四个领域开展高等教育数字化转型的实践。2022年世界慕课与在线教育联盟年度理事会回顾了联盟该年度工作,围绕高等教育数字化创新与合作及未来发展等议题,提出高等教育从业者应抓住机遇,持续促进新技术与高等教育的融合、转变教育理念、更新教学模式、提高教育质量、优化教育评估标准,以应对数字化环境对高等教育变革带来的挑战;提升教师数字素养与教学技能,促进慕课等在线教育平台的发展以及高质量教育资源的共享,利用人工智能、虚拟现实、区块链等新技术赋能高等教育;未来发展需坚持成果服务育人、创新推动转型、合作促进交流,以期推动联盟发展与建设更开放、更融合、更有韧性的高等教育。

Fiber-specific increase of carotenoid content promotes cotton fiber elongation by increasing abscisic acid and ethylene biosynthesis

Cotton fiber is a raw material for the global textile industry and fiber quality is essential to its industrial application.Carotenoids are plant secondary metabolites that may serve as dietary components,regulate light harvesting,and scavenge reactive oxygen species.Although carotenoids accumulate predominantly in rapidly elongating cotton fibers,their roles in cotton fiber development remain poorly understood.In this study,a fiber-specific promoter proSCFP was applied to drive the expression of GhOR1Del,a positive regulator of carotenoid accumulation,to upregulate the carotenoid level in cotton fiber in planta.Fiber length,strength,and fineness were increased in proSCFP:GhOR1Del transgenic cotton and abscisic acid(ABA)and ethylene contents were increased in elongating fibers.The ABA downstream regulator GhbZIP27a stimulated the expression of the ethylene synthase gene GhACO3 by binding to its promoter,suggesting that ABA promoted fiber elongation by increasing ethylene production.These findings suggest the involvement of carotenoids and ABA signaling in promoting cotton fiber elongation and provide a strategy for improving cotton fiber quality.

Intelligent Road Safety System Based on Multi-Function Warning Device

A warming device for car driving is proposed in this paper,which includes support rods and warning plates.In this device,several display screens are insalled on one side of the warning panel.Indicator lights are set on the display screen.A waning board is mounted on the top box.Several radar detectors are mounted on one side of the top box,and the radar detectors orrespond to the display screens.Several waming lights are installed on the top box,and the waning lights orespond to sevenl radar detectors.The sliding side of the support rod cleans the unit.The change of positions of the indicator lights based on the radar detectors will be rellected on the display screens,which allows drivers to understand the situation of the road.Therefore,they can prepare for changing lanes and overtaking,and understand the position and speed of all vehicles in this road section in advance.

117例胃神经内分泌肿瘤的临床病理特征和预后分析

目的:探讨胃神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine neoplasm,NEN)的临床病理特征和预后因素。方法:收集天津医科大学肿瘤医院2011年3月至2017年12月收治的胃NEN病例,依据WHO(2010年版)分类复核,分析不同分类胃NEN临床病理特征,并进行生存分析。结果:在117例胃NEN中,神经内分泌瘤(neuroendocrine tumor,NET)G1、NET G2、神经内分泌癌(neuroendocrine car-cinoma,NEC)和混合性腺神经内分泌癌(mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma,MANEC)分别为13例(11.1%)、6例(5.1%)、57例(48.7%)和41例(35.1%)。胃NET G1/G2以多发肿物为主,肿物直径小,浸润深度浅,淋巴结和远处转移少见,确诊时分期较早;治疗方式包括胃镜黏膜下剥离术和根治性手术;大多数胃NET G1/G2包含NET的前驱病变;患者的预后较好。胃NEC和MANEC以单发肿物为主,肿物直径大,浸润深度深,淋巴结和远处转移多见,确诊时多为进展期;全部患者行手术切除,且大部分进行了辅助治疗。胃NEC以大细胞型和分化差为主,胃MANEC的神经内分泌和腺癌成分组成形式多样;胃NEC和MANEC患者的预后均较差,但影响两者无进展生存期和总体生存期的预后因素不同。结论:胃NEN是一组异质性肿瘤,不同分类的胃NEN具有不同的临床病理特征,并且预后也存在差异。需要多中心大样本研究来完善胃NEN的分类,并探索预后相关因素。

182例胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的临床病理特征和预后分析

目的:探讨胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm,PanNEN)的临床病理特征和预后因素。方法:收集2011年1月至2018年12月天津医科大学肿瘤医院收治的胰腺NEN,依据世界卫生组织(WHO)消化系统肿瘤2019版分类进行复核,分析比较不同分类胰腺NEN临床病理特征的异同,并分别进行生存分析。结果:在最终确诊的182例PanNEN中,神经内分泌瘤(neuroendocrine tumor,NET)G1、NET G2、NET G3、神经内分泌癌(neuroendocrine carcinoma,NEC)和混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌肿瘤(mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm,MiNEN)分别为78例(42.9%)、82例(45.1%)、5例(2.7%)、15例(8.2%)和2例(1.1%)。临床病理特征方面,胰腺NEN分级越高,神经/脉管侵犯、淋巴结/远处转移等侵袭性行为越多见,诊断时进展期患者的比例越高(均P<0.05)。NEC的Ki-67指数均值显著高于NET G3(P<0.001),但二者在30%~60%区间有重叠。WHO2019版分类与总体生存(overall survival,OS)和无进展生存(progression-free survival,PFS)显著相关(均P<0.05)。对于NET G1患者,诊断时为进展期是OS和PFS较差的独立预后因素(分别HR=12.472,P=0.002;HR=10.56,P<0.0012)。对于NET G2患者,手术切除是OS较好的独立预后因素(HR=8.217,P=0.001),诊断时即有远处转移是PFS较差的独立预后因素(HR=26.137,P<0.001)。NEN G3的预后主要与Ki-67指数有关,但NET G3和NEC的截断值不同(NET G3:45%,NEC:70%)。结论:胰腺NEN是一组异质性肿瘤,不同WHO分类的胰腺NEN的临床病理特征及预后均不同。胰腺NEN以分化好的NET为主,但是部分NET在诊断时即见转移,术后可以复发/转移。NET G3与NEC的鉴别要点主要是肿瘤分化、细胞增殖活性、p53免疫组织化学染色等分子检测。治疗方面仍无统一标准,尤其对于未明确NET G3或NEC的NEN G3患者,需综合评估分级、分期,并监测疾病进展情况。未来仍需多中心大样本的研究来制定更加全面细致的诊疗标准。

消化系统神经内分泌肿瘤的临床病理特征与生存分析

目的:探讨消化系统不同部位神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine neoplasms,NENs)的临床病理特征及预后因素。方法:收集天津医科大学肿瘤医院2011年3月至2015年12月收治的284例消化系统NENs,分析比较不同部位NENs临床病理特征的异同,并进行生存分析。结果:本研究中,消化系统NENs以胰腺部位最多见,其次为结直肠、胃。在胰腺NENs中,以G1(51.8%)和G2(35.8%)型为主,WHO分类与淋巴结转移、周围器官侵犯、神经侵犯有关(均P<0.05),但与患者的总生存无关;有远处转移的胰腺NENs患者总生存期更短(P<0.05)。结直肠NENs以NET G1为主(82.5%),大多经内镜下切除或经肛门直肠肿物切除;神经内分泌癌、有淋巴结转移、有远处转移和进展期患者的总生存期更短(均P<0.05)。与胰腺和结直肠相比,胃NENs中男性患者、年龄>40岁的患者更多;神经内分泌癌和混合性腺神经内分泌癌比例更高、淋巴结转移和远处转移的比例更高;进展期的患者更多(均P<0.05)。WHO分类和有无淋巴结转移与胃NENs的总生存期有关(均P<0.05)。结论:消化系统NENs是一组异质性肿瘤,不同部位的肿瘤具有不同的临床病理特征,并与欧美国家存在差异。仍需要大样本多中心研究来了解不同部位消化系统NENs的生物学行为及预后因素。

在化学教学中推广科普知识——以趣谈指纹显现技术为例

指纹是公认的法庭科学“证据之首”,指纹显现技术是寻找指纹的第一步,也是关键步骤。笔者在本科生通选课程“化学与现代社会”的“化学与刑事技术”一章中,采用翻转课堂和基于小组学习(Team-Based Learning,TBL)的授课方式,鼓励学生将指纹拟人化为一名面孔多变的“怪盗”,将各种指纹显现技术人格化为指纹显现技术部的侦查员,以趣谈的形式介绍了几种指纹显现技术中所涉及的化学原理,丰富了学生对指纹显现技术科学认识的同时,提高了其科学素养和学习兴趣。

Evaluation on the natural gas hydrate formation process

Gas hydrates have endowed with great potential in gas storage,and rapid formation of gas hydrates is critical to use this novel technology.This work evaluated the natural gas hydrate formation process,which was compared from six parameters,including conversion of water to hydrate,storage capacity,the rate of hydrate formation,space velocity(SV)of hydrate reaction,energy consumption and hydrate removal.The literature was selected by analyzing and comparing these six parameters mentioned above,meanwhile placing emphasis on the three parameters of storage capacity,the rate of hydrate formation and space velocity of hydrate reaction.Through analysis and comparison,four conclusions could be obtained as follows.Firstly,the overall performance of the stirring process and the spraying process were better than other processes after analyzing the six parameters.Secondly,the additive types,the reactor structure and the reactor size had influence on the natural gas hydrate formation process.Thirdly,the energy consumption via reciprocating impact in the hydrate formation process was higher than that via stirring,spraying and static higee.Finally,it was one key for hydrate removal to realize the hydrate industrial production.

185例结直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的临床病理特征和预后分析

目的:探讨结直肠神经内分泌肿瘤(colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms,CRNENs)的临床病理特征和预后因素。方法:根据消化系统肿瘤世界卫生组织(WHO)分类第5版中NENs的分类标准回顾性研究2011年3月至2020年12月于天津医科大学肿瘤医院行根治性手术和局部切除的185例CRNENs,比较不同分类CRNENs的临床病理特征,并进行生存分析。结果:CRNENs中,神经内分泌瘤(neuroendocrine tumor,NET)G1、NET G2、NET G3、神经内分泌癌(neuroendocrine carcinoma,NEC)和混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌肿瘤(mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm,MiNEN)分别为142例(76.8%)、18例(9.7%)、3例(1.6%)、14例(7.6%)、8例(4.3%)。临床病理特征方面,CRNENs分级越高,肿瘤直径越大,淋巴结转移越多见,诊断时进展期患者的比例越高(均P<0.05);但个别NET G1、G2也存在侵袭性生物学行为和淋巴结或远处转移。NEC的Ki-67指数的平均值显著高于NET G3(t=5.569,P<0.001)。不同WHO分类患者的总体生存(overall survival,OS)和无进展生存(progression-free survival,PFS)差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:结直肠NENs是一组异质性肿瘤,但是无论分类如何,CRNENs均为恶性,需要结合临床分期等情况决定治疗方式。CRNENs的发病机制未明,一些NET G3与NEC鉴别诊断困难,NET G3、MiNEN仍缺乏统一的治疗标准,需要多中心大样本研究来完善诊疗标准。

Does not hUTP14a promoter form a regulation feedback loop with P53?

Objective： We previously found that hUTP14a binds P53 and promotes P53 degradation. However, if hUTP14a is a downstream gene of P53 remains to be determined. This study aimed to identify the promoter of h UTP14a and investigate if h UTP14a is regulated by P53. Methods： The hUTPI4a promoter region was cloned into pGL3-Basic-luciferase reporter plasmid to get pGL3-hUTP14a-luc. The reporter plasmid was transfected into 293T cells and luciferase activity was evaluated by the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System. Putative transcription factors were identified through searching Matlnspector Professional and Algorismica i Genetica databases. Either pGL3-hUTPI4aluc or p21 promoter reporter plasmid was co-transfected with increasing dose of p53 plasmid, and luciferase activity was evaluated. A series of deletion constructs of pGL3-hUTP14a-luc were constructed and minimal promoter region of hUTP14a was determined. Differences of the lnciferase activities between different groups were assessed by statistical analysis. Results： The hUTP14a gene promoter reporter construct was correctly cloned and was demonstrated to possess promoter activity. The transcription of hUTP14a was not regulated by P53. The minimal promoter region of h UTP14a gene is located between -203 to -100 of the transcription initiation site. Conclusion： Unlike other P53-interacting proteins such as MDM2, Pirh2 and Cop I which promote P53 degradation and whose transcriptions are regulated by P53, does not hUTP14a transcription form a regulation feedback loop with P 53.

The global monopole spacetime and its topological charge

We show that the global monopole spacetime is one of the exact solutions of the Einstein equations by treating the matter field as a non-linear sigma model, without the weak field approximation applied in the original derivation by Barriola and Vilenkin. Furthermore, we find the physical origin of the topological charge in the global monopole spacetime. Finally, we generalize the proposal which generates spacetime from thermodynamical laws to the case of spacetime with global monopole charge.

Screening of Toxin Mutant of Dickeya zeae and Its Biological Characters

[Objective]This study aimed to screen toxin mutant of Dickeya zeae(Erwinia chrysanthemi pv.zeae)and investigate its biological characters.[Method]We obtained a toxin mutant strain D.zeae Ech7-3-42 by using acridine orange as a mutagenic agent and compared their biological characteristics and virulence between the toxin mutant and wild strain.[Result]There was no significant difference in pectin lyase,protease,cellulase and the production of extracellular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide,but significant difference in toxin biological activities and virulence.Ech7-3-42 mutant did not produce toxin,as well as the loss of virulence on rice and HR on tobacco,but did not lose the ability to soft rot on potato.Mutant strain Ech7-3-42 can infect rice root and then enriched in the root neck and stalk,but it could not cause rice foot rot.Dickeya zeae(wild and mutant strain)could be detected by PCR in the root neck and below the 1-2 cm long stem area,but could not be detected in the leaves.[Conclusion]We believed that toxin may be one of the important factors for D.zeae virulence on rice.

Research on COB De-embedding in Scattering Parameter Measurement

The popular radio frequency(RF) chip on board(COB) test has gradually taken the place of onwafer test due to the high efficiency and high power. This paper presents the extended Open-Short-Load(OSL) that is one-port calibration method to verify the error model de-embedding in S parameter measurement. Threelevel cascade structure on COB's system error model is proposed and analyzed. Four kinds of calibration plane solutions for de-embedding are verified. At last,on-board calibration(CAL) kits solution is established to decrease the system error to the least value. The maximum error shift can be controlled less than 0.1 dB comparing with the on-wafer test results. In general,the practical application results prove that this method is reasonable and effective and easy to be mastered.

The Effects for Delaying Banana Seedling Growth through Spraying Growing Retardants on Stem Apex

Replanting is always required for banana farmers. Selecting growth retardants is important for banana seedling companies. Stem apex contained many gibberellins. Seven treatments were performed onto stem apex of banana seedlings in this research. Results showed that heights of seedlings sprayed with paclobutrazol (200 mg/L), dniconazole (200 mg/L), and dniconazole + brassins (200 mg/L + 0.1 mg/L) were significantly lower than those of seedlings sprayed with water. Paclobutrazol was the ideal retardant for delaying the growth of leaf if stem apex was selected as a treated candidate. Fresh weights of seedlings of all seven treatments were significantly less than that of control. For delaying the growth of fresh weight of banana seedlings, chlormequat chloride (200 mg/L) was the best choice. Reducing power of roots of seedlings treated with 100 ml of paclobutrazol (200 mg/L) was significantly higher than that of seedling treated with water. Chlorophyll contents of seedlings treated with growth retardants were significantly higher than that of seedlings treated with water.

A Method to Improve the Embryogenesis Rate of Banana Somatic Cell Embryogenesis

Getting embryogenic callus is the first step for banana transformation. Enhancing embryonic-callus-rate is important for banana molecular breeding. In this paper, WIND1, an AP2/ERF transcription factor was added into the embryonic-callus-inducing medium with poly-Arg and nuclear localization signal (NLS). The embryogenic-callus-induced rate of the immature male florescence cultured on the media containing the recombinant protein Arg9-NLS-WIND1 was significantly higher than that of the immature male florescence cultured on the control media. Medium containing 0.01% of the protein Arg9-NLS-WIND1 had the best effect for inducing the embryogenesis of the immature male inflorescence. On the medium containing 0.01% of the protein Arg9-NLS-WIND1, 11.5% of the immature male flowers can develop embryonic callus. On the medium containing Arg9-NLS-WIND1, the protein might be transferred into cytoplasm of the explants by endocytosis due to the interaction between the poly-Arg transduction domain and the plasma membrane. After it entered the nucleus guided by NLS and bind with the target DNA domain, the somatic cell embryogenesis reactions were initiated and the embryonic callus formed.

Factors Related to Physical Strength of Banana Pseudostem

Banana is an important fruit in China. Banana production played important role in economic development in tropical region. Banana production in China was always cut because of lodging caused by typhoon. Getting new cultivars with high resistance to lodging is the basic resolution to resolve this problem. Screening and identifying the germ plasm resource is the first step to breed new cultivars. Banana plant height was high. A single banana plant needs large area. It is difficult to screen the germ plasm resource by identifying the physical strength of banana pseudostem. This research focused on studying the relationship between pseudostem and plant height, pseudostem diameter, acid soluble lignin, acid insoluble lignin, total lignin, pore numbers of pseudostem cross section, and the expression of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL). Results showed that the plant with high physical strength in seedling stage always has high physical strength in mature stage. The physical strength of banana seedling pseudostem was closely related to pseudostem diameter and total lignin. Pseudostem diameter and total lignin can be used to predict the physical strength of mature banana pseudostem. Work on identifying and screening the physical strength of banana germ plasm pseudostem can be reduced by measuring seedling pseudostem diameter and total lignin in pseudostem of banana germplasm.

Modification of Even-A Nuclear Mass Formula

In this paper we obtain an empirical mass formula of even-A nuclei based on residual proton-neutron interactions. The root-mean-squared deviation (RMSD) from experimental data is at an accuracy of about 150 Kev. While for heavy nuclei, we give another formula that fits the experimental data better (RMSD ≈ 119 Kev). We have successfully described the experimental data of nuclear masses and predicted some unknown masses (like 200Ir not involved in AME2003, the deviation of our predicted masses from the value in AME2012 is only about 82 keV). The predictive power of our formula is more competitive than other mass models.