Objective:Immature vasculature lacking pericyte coverage substantially contributes to tumor growth,drug resistance,and cancer cell dissemination.We previously demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15(TNF...Objective:Immature vasculature lacking pericyte coverage substantially contributes to tumor growth,drug resistance,and cancer cell dissemination.We previously demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15(TNFSF15)is a cytokine with important roles in modulating hematopoiesis and vascular homeostasis.The main purpose of this study was to explore whether TNFSF15 might promote freshly isolated myeloid cells to differentiate into CD11b^(+) cells and further into pericytes.Methods:A model of Lewis lung cancer was established in mice with red fluorescent bone marrow.After TNFSF15 treatment,CD11b^(+) myeloid cells and vascular pericytes in the tumors,and the co-localization of pericytes and vascular endothelial cells,were assessed.Additionally,CD11b^(+) cells were isolated from wild-type mice and treated with TNFSF15 to determine the effects on the differentiation of these cells.Results:We observed elevated percentages of bone marrow-derived CD11b^(+)myeloid cells and vascular pericytes in TNFSF15-treated tumors,and the latter cells co-localized with vascular endothelial cells.TNFSF15 protected against CD11b^(+)cell apoptosis and facilitated the differentiation of these cells into pericytes by down-regulating Wnt3a-VEGFR1 and up-regulating CD49e-FN signaling pathways.Conclusions:TNFSF15 facilitates the production of CD11b^(+) cells in the bone marrow and promotes the differentiation of these cells into pericytes,which may stabilize the tumor neovasculature.展开更多
Accurate aerodynamic heating prediction is of great significance to current manned space flight and deep space exploration missions.The temperature in the shock layer surrounding the reentry vehicle can reach up to 10...Accurate aerodynamic heating prediction is of great significance to current manned space flight and deep space exploration missions.The temperature in the shock layer surrounding the reentry vehicle can reach up to 10,000 K and result in remarkable thermochemical nonequilibrium,as well as considerable radiative heat transfer.In general,high-temperature flow simulations coupled with thermal radiation require appropriate numerical schemes and physical models.In this paper,the equations governing hypersonic nonequilibrium flow,based on a three-temperature model combined with a thermal radiation solving approach,are used to investigate the radiation effects in the reentry shock layer.An axisymmetric spherical case shows that coupling the flow-field simulation with radiation has a scarce influence on the convective heating prediction,but has some impact on the radiative heating calculation.In particular,for the Apollo capsule reentry,both the absorption coefficient and incident radiation are remarkable inside the shock layer.The radiative heating maximum reaches nearly 38%of that of the convective heating making a considerable contribution to the total aerodynamic heating.These results indicate that in the hypersonic regime,in order to account for the total heating,it is necessary to simulate the high-temperature thermochemical nonequilibrium flows coupled with thermal radiation.展开更多
In this paper,a numerical investigation into a spike-type rotating stall process is carried out considering a transonic compressor rotor(the NASA Rotor 37).Through solution of the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Sto...In this paper,a numerical investigation into a spike-type rotating stall process is carried out considering a transonic compressor rotor(the NASA Rotor 37).Through solution of the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)equations,the evolution process from an initially circumferentially-symmetric near-stall flow field to a stable stall condition is simulated without adding any artificial disturbance.At the near-stall operating point,periodic fluctuations are present in the overall flow of the rotor.Moreover,the blockage region in the channel periodically shifts from middle span to the tip.This fluctuating condition does not directly lead to stall,while the full-annulus calculation eventually evolves to stall.Interestingly,a kind of“early disturbance”feature appears in the dynamic signals,which propagates forward ahead of the rotor.展开更多
AP2/ERF transcription factor is a kind of plant-specific transcription factor,which is widely involved in the whole process of plant growth and development,and has important regulatory effects in plant secondary metab...AP2/ERF transcription factor is a kind of plant-specific transcription factor,which is widely involved in the whole process of plant growth and development,and has important regulatory effects in plant secondary metabolism.In this study,the CaERF gene was cloned from Capsicum annuum by RT-PCR.The bioinformatics and expression analysis revealed that the CDS region of this gene is 795 bp in length,encoding 264 amino acids,and the molecular weight and isoelectric point of the protein are 30.1 KD and 5.74,respectively;the gene encodes a 58-amino acid DNA-binding domain AP2 at 533-706,which is closest to Capsicum chinense in genetics;and the gene is expressed early in the fruit development from 16 to 20 d after flowering,and related to the level of pun 1 gene expression.The cloning and expression analysis of CaERF transcription factor gene laid a foundation for further study on the regulation of capsaicin synthesis.展开更多
In this study,the flow field structure inside a scramjet combustor is numerically simulated using the flamelet/progress variable model.Slope injection is considered,with fuel mixing enhanced by means of a streamwise v...In this study,the flow field structure inside a scramjet combustor is numerically simulated using the flamelet/progress variable model.Slope injection is considered,with fuel mixing enhanced by means of a streamwise vortex.The flow field structure and combustion characteristics are analyzed under different conditions.Attention is also paid to the identification of the mechanisms that keep combustion stable and support enhanced mixing.The overall performances of the combustion chamber are discussed.展开更多
Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has become the main method for the prediction of the properties of the external wind environment in cities and other urban contexts.A review is presented of the existing literature in ...Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has become the main method for the prediction of the properties of the external wind environment in cities and other urban contexts.A review is presented of the existing literature in terms of boundary conditions,building models,computational domains,computational grids,and turbulence models.Some specific issues,such as the accuracy/computational cost ratio and the exploitation of existing empirical correlations,are also examined.展开更多
Purpose:To investigate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after optic nerve injury in calorie-restricted (CR) rats,and analyze the potential role of Sirtuins.Methods:Ten-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=14) wer...Purpose:To investigate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after optic nerve injury in calorie-restricted (CR) rats,and analyze the potential role of Sirtuins.Methods:Ten-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=14) were divided into calorie restricted (CR) and ad libitum (AL) groups.In the CR group (n=7),the rats were denied access to food every other day.Animals in the AL group (n=7) had had free access to food.PN-ON grafting was carried out on the right eye of all subjects after 5 months of feeding.Three weeks postoperatively,retina samples were collected,half of which were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and subjected to standard immunofluorescence staining for TUJ-1.The remaining samples were subjected to total RNA analysis and RT-PCR for Sirt1 and 2 expression.Results:Comparing the amount of TUJ-1 staining between the groups,the mean density and the total number of RGCs showed no significant difference.RT-PCR results indicated that mRNA expression of Sirtuin2 in the CR group was significantly lower than that in the AL group,whereas no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the mRNA expression of Sirt1.Conclusion:Calorie restriction had no impact on the survival of injured RGCs.The down-regulated mRNA expression of Sirt2 in the CR group may indicate an improved capacity for regeneration among these animals,but more work is needed to explore this possibility.展开更多
In order to discuss the role of MYB gene in capsaicine synthesis process,one CcMYB gene was cloned from Capsicum chinense Jacq. by RT-PCR. Its cDNA has a total length of 1 038 bp,and was speculated to code 345 amino a...In order to discuss the role of MYB gene in capsaicine synthesis process,one CcMYB gene was cloned from Capsicum chinense Jacq. by RT-PCR. Its cDNA has a total length of 1 038 bp,and was speculated to code 345 amino acids,comprising an complete open reading frame. The isoelectric point is 8. 57,and the molecular weight is 38. 2 KD. The protein is a neutral hydrophobin without transmembrane structure. There are two MYBDNA domains at the N terminal. The fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that CcMYB gene was expressed in all the root,stem,leaf,flower,placenta and fruit tissue of pepper,and the expression level was the highest in fruit; and CcM YB was expressed in fruit at the highest level at turning stage,and at the second highest level at expansion stage,which accords with the expression profile of pun1 gene in fruit development period. It is speculated that CcMYB gene plays an important role in the regulation of capsaicine synthesis in C. chinense fruit.展开更多
SR-AOP(sulfate radical advanced oxidation process)is a novel water treatment method able to eliminate refractory organic pollutants.Hydrodynamic cavitation(HC)is a novel green technology,that can effectively produce s...SR-AOP(sulfate radical advanced oxidation process)is a novel water treatment method able to eliminate refractory organic pollutants.Hydrodynamic cavitation(HC)is a novel green technology,that can effectively produce strong oxidizing sulfate radicals.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research advancements in these fields and a critical discussion of the principal factors influencing HC-enhanced SR-AOP and the mechanisms of synergistic degradation.Furthermore,some insights into the industrial application of HC/PS are also provided.Current research shows that this technology is feasible at the laboratory stage,but its application on larger scales requires further understanding and exploration.In this review,some attention is also paid to the design of the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor and the related operating parameters.展开更多
COMPASS or COMPASS-like is a highly conserved polyprotein complex in eukaryotes that is often involved in methylation of histone H3 lysine 4(H3K4).However,the biological function of this complex in rice(Oryza sativa)i...COMPASS or COMPASS-like is a highly conserved polyprotein complex in eukaryotes that is often involved in methylation of histone H3 lysine 4(H3K4).However,the biological function of this complex in rice(Oryza sativa)is unclear.Here,we report the identifiction of their functions in growth and development.The osashl1osashl2 double mutant shows a dwarf and late-flowering phenotype.Lower expression of Ehd1,OsVIL4,and OsMADS51 in the osashl1 osashl2 double mutant background accompanies a delayed vegetative growth phase and photoperiod-sensitive phase compared with that in wild type.Notably,there is less H3K4mono-,di-and tri-methylation genome-wide in the double mutant,in particular less H3K4 tri-methylation at OsVIL4.Consistent with this result,knockout of OsVIL4 gives rise to a late-flowering phenotype similar to that of the osashl1 osashl2 double mutant,suggesting that OsVIL4 is a target of the COMPASS-like complex.In addition,the expression of key genes in brassinosteroid and gibberellic acid metabolism is altered in the osashl1 osashl2 double mutant,suggesting that the COMPASS-like complex regulates plant growth and development by modulating the levels of these two phytohormones.In summary,we demonstrate that OsASHL1 and OsASHL2 are important for floral transition and plant development.展开更多
基金supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82073064 and 81874167 to LYL,and 82073233 to ZQZ)Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund(Grant No.22HHXBSS00020 to LYL)Ministry of Education 111 Project(Grant No.B20016 to LYL)。
文摘Objective:Immature vasculature lacking pericyte coverage substantially contributes to tumor growth,drug resistance,and cancer cell dissemination.We previously demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15(TNFSF15)is a cytokine with important roles in modulating hematopoiesis and vascular homeostasis.The main purpose of this study was to explore whether TNFSF15 might promote freshly isolated myeloid cells to differentiate into CD11b^(+) cells and further into pericytes.Methods:A model of Lewis lung cancer was established in mice with red fluorescent bone marrow.After TNFSF15 treatment,CD11b^(+) myeloid cells and vascular pericytes in the tumors,and the co-localization of pericytes and vascular endothelial cells,were assessed.Additionally,CD11b^(+) cells were isolated from wild-type mice and treated with TNFSF15 to determine the effects on the differentiation of these cells.Results:We observed elevated percentages of bone marrow-derived CD11b^(+)myeloid cells and vascular pericytes in TNFSF15-treated tumors,and the latter cells co-localized with vascular endothelial cells.TNFSF15 protected against CD11b^(+)cell apoptosis and facilitated the differentiation of these cells into pericytes by down-regulating Wnt3a-VEGFR1 and up-regulating CD49e-FN signaling pathways.Conclusions:TNFSF15 facilitates the production of CD11b^(+) cells in the bone marrow and promotes the differentiation of these cells into pericytes,which may stabilize the tumor neovasculature.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2019QA018)the Advanced Research Project(No.61402060301).
文摘Accurate aerodynamic heating prediction is of great significance to current manned space flight and deep space exploration missions.The temperature in the shock layer surrounding the reentry vehicle can reach up to 10,000 K and result in remarkable thermochemical nonequilibrium,as well as considerable radiative heat transfer.In general,high-temperature flow simulations coupled with thermal radiation require appropriate numerical schemes and physical models.In this paper,the equations governing hypersonic nonequilibrium flow,based on a three-temperature model combined with a thermal radiation solving approach,are used to investigate the radiation effects in the reentry shock layer.An axisymmetric spherical case shows that coupling the flow-field simulation with radiation has a scarce influence on the convective heating prediction,but has some impact on the radiative heating calculation.In particular,for the Apollo capsule reentry,both the absorption coefficient and incident radiation are remarkable inside the shock layer.The radiative heating maximum reaches nearly 38%of that of the convective heating making a considerable contribution to the total aerodynamic heating.These results indicate that in the hypersonic regime,in order to account for the total heating,it is necessary to simulate the high-temperature thermochemical nonequilibrium flows coupled with thermal radiation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51976139)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2019QA018).
文摘In this paper,a numerical investigation into a spike-type rotating stall process is carried out considering a transonic compressor rotor(the NASA Rotor 37).Through solution of the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)equations,the evolution process from an initially circumferentially-symmetric near-stall flow field to a stable stall condition is simulated without adding any artificial disturbance.At the near-stall operating point,periodic fluctuations are present in the overall flow of the rotor.Moreover,the blockage region in the channel periodically shifts from middle span to the tip.This fluctuating condition does not directly lead to stall,while the full-annulus calculation eventually evolves to stall.Interestingly,a kind of“early disturbance”feature appears in the dynamic signals,which propagates forward ahead of the rotor.
基金Supported by College Students’Innovation Fund of Jilin University(2017A82372)
文摘AP2/ERF transcription factor is a kind of plant-specific transcription factor,which is widely involved in the whole process of plant growth and development,and has important regulatory effects in plant secondary metabolism.In this study,the CaERF gene was cloned from Capsicum annuum by RT-PCR.The bioinformatics and expression analysis revealed that the CDS region of this gene is 795 bp in length,encoding 264 amino acids,and the molecular weight and isoelectric point of the protein are 30.1 KD and 5.74,respectively;the gene encodes a 58-amino acid DNA-binding domain AP2 at 533-706,which is closest to Capsicum chinense in genetics;and the gene is expressed early in the fruit development from 16 to 20 d after flowering,and related to the level of pun 1 gene expression.The cloning and expression analysis of CaERF transcription factor gene laid a foundation for further study on the regulation of capsaicin synthesis.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12002193)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2019QA018).
文摘In this study,the flow field structure inside a scramjet combustor is numerically simulated using the flamelet/progress variable model.Slope injection is considered,with fuel mixing enhanced by means of a streamwise vortex.The flow field structure and combustion characteristics are analyzed under different conditions.Attention is also paid to the identification of the mechanisms that keep combustion stable and support enhanced mixing.The overall performances of the combustion chamber are discussed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51976139).
文摘Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has become the main method for the prediction of the properties of the external wind environment in cities and other urban contexts.A review is presented of the existing literature in terms of boundary conditions,building models,computational domains,computational grids,and turbulence models.Some specific issues,such as the accuracy/computational cost ratio and the exploitation of existing empirical correlations,are also examined.
基金Development Program for Innovative Young Talents in Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(grant No.LYM08057)Internal project of Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong (10-005)
文摘Purpose:To investigate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after optic nerve injury in calorie-restricted (CR) rats,and analyze the potential role of Sirtuins.Methods:Ten-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=14) were divided into calorie restricted (CR) and ad libitum (AL) groups.In the CR group (n=7),the rats were denied access to food every other day.Animals in the AL group (n=7) had had free access to food.PN-ON grafting was carried out on the right eye of all subjects after 5 months of feeding.Three weeks postoperatively,retina samples were collected,half of which were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and subjected to standard immunofluorescence staining for TUJ-1.The remaining samples were subjected to total RNA analysis and RT-PCR for Sirt1 and 2 expression.Results:Comparing the amount of TUJ-1 staining between the groups,the mean density and the total number of RGCs showed no significant difference.RT-PCR results indicated that mRNA expression of Sirtuin2 in the CR group was significantly lower than that in the AL group,whereas no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the mRNA expression of Sirt1.Conclusion:Calorie restriction had no impact on the survival of injured RGCs.The down-regulated mRNA expression of Sirt2 in the CR group may indicate an improved capacity for regeneration among these animals,but more work is needed to explore this possibility.
基金Supported by College Students'Innovation Fund of Jilin University(2017A82372)
文摘In order to discuss the role of MYB gene in capsaicine synthesis process,one CcMYB gene was cloned from Capsicum chinense Jacq. by RT-PCR. Its cDNA has a total length of 1 038 bp,and was speculated to code 345 amino acids,comprising an complete open reading frame. The isoelectric point is 8. 57,and the molecular weight is 38. 2 KD. The protein is a neutral hydrophobin without transmembrane structure. There are two MYBDNA domains at the N terminal. The fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that CcMYB gene was expressed in all the root,stem,leaf,flower,placenta and fruit tissue of pepper,and the expression level was the highest in fruit; and CcM YB was expressed in fruit at the highest level at turning stage,and at the second highest level at expansion stage,which accords with the expression profile of pun1 gene in fruit development period. It is speculated that CcMYB gene plays an important role in the regulation of capsaicine synthesis in C. chinense fruit.
文摘SR-AOP(sulfate radical advanced oxidation process)is a novel water treatment method able to eliminate refractory organic pollutants.Hydrodynamic cavitation(HC)is a novel green technology,that can effectively produce strong oxidizing sulfate radicals.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research advancements in these fields and a critical discussion of the principal factors influencing HC-enhanced SR-AOP and the mechanisms of synergistic degradation.Furthermore,some insights into the industrial application of HC/PS are also provided.Current research shows that this technology is feasible at the laboratory stage,but its application on larger scales requires further understanding and exploration.In this review,some attention is also paid to the design of the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor and the related operating parameters.
基金supported by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24020301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901524,U20A2025)the Key R&D Program Project of Heilongjiang Province(GA21B014)。
文摘COMPASS or COMPASS-like is a highly conserved polyprotein complex in eukaryotes that is often involved in methylation of histone H3 lysine 4(H3K4).However,the biological function of this complex in rice(Oryza sativa)is unclear.Here,we report the identifiction of their functions in growth and development.The osashl1osashl2 double mutant shows a dwarf and late-flowering phenotype.Lower expression of Ehd1,OsVIL4,and OsMADS51 in the osashl1 osashl2 double mutant background accompanies a delayed vegetative growth phase and photoperiod-sensitive phase compared with that in wild type.Notably,there is less H3K4mono-,di-and tri-methylation genome-wide in the double mutant,in particular less H3K4 tri-methylation at OsVIL4.Consistent with this result,knockout of OsVIL4 gives rise to a late-flowering phenotype similar to that of the osashl1 osashl2 double mutant,suggesting that OsVIL4 is a target of the COMPASS-like complex.In addition,the expression of key genes in brassinosteroid and gibberellic acid metabolism is altered in the osashl1 osashl2 double mutant,suggesting that the COMPASS-like complex regulates plant growth and development by modulating the levels of these two phytohormones.In summary,we demonstrate that OsASHL1 and OsASHL2 are important for floral transition and plant development.
