Tire Road Friction Coefficient Estimation:Review and Research Perspectives

Many surveys on vehicle traffic safety have shown that the tire road friction coefficient(TRFC)is correlated with the probability of an accident.The probability of road accidents increases sharply on slippery road surfaces.Therefore,accurate knowledge of TRFC contributes to the optimization of driver maneuvers for further improving the safety of intelligent vehicles.A large number of researchers have employed different tools and proposed different algorithms to obtain TRFC.This work investigates these different methods that have been widely utilized to estimate TRFC.These methods are divided into three main categories:off-board sensors-based,vehicle dynamics-based,and data-driven-based methods.This review provides a comparative analysis of these methods and describes their strengths and weaknesses.Moreover,some future research directions regarding TRFC estimation are presented.

Unusual Single Electron Transfer Reactions between Alkenes and Iodine Electrophiles

The electrophilic addition to an alkene with an electrophile has been widely studied and applied in organic synthesis.The organic chemistry textbook describes the classical reaction between an alkene and an iodine electrophile(such as elemental iodine and N-iodosuccinimide(NIS))as a typical ionic reaction,in which an iodonium ion is formed and then attacked by a nucleophile.However,in this article,we report a new and unusual reaction mode between an alkene and NIS;that is,a single electron transfer(SET)process occurs between these two reactants by forming an electron-donor acceptor complex.Not only does this unusual single electron transfer reaction between an alkene and NIS add fundamentally important knowledge to organic chemistry,it also provides a valuable synthetic method as the new SET reaction mode with opposite regioselectivity as compared with the traditional ionic mode.

Advances in targeted therapy mainly based on signal pathways for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a malignant epithelial carcinoma of the head and neck region which mainly distributes in southern China and Southeast Asia and has a crucial association with the Epstein–Barr virus.Based on epidemiological data,both incidence and mortality of NPC have significantly declined in recent decades grounded on the improvement of living standard and medical level in an endemic region,in particular,with the clinical use of individualized chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)which profoundly contributes to the cure rate of NPC patients.To tackle the challenges including local recurrence and distant metastasis in the current NPC treatment,we discussed the implication of using targeted therapy against critical molecules in various signal pathways,and how they synergize with chemoradiotherapy in the NPC treatment.Combination treatment including targeted therapy and IMRT or concurrent chemoradiotherapy is presumably to be future options,which may reduce radiation or chemotherapy toxicities and open new avenues for the improvement of the expected functional outcome for patients with advanced NPC.

A mask R-CNN based method for inspecting cable brackets in aircraft

In the aviation industry,cable bracket is one of the most common parts.The traditional assembly state inspection method of cable bracket is to manually compare by viewing 3 D models.The purpose of this paper is to address the problem of inefficiency of traditional inspection method.In order to solve the problem that machine learning algorithm requires large dataset and manually labeling of dataset is a laborious and time-consuming task,a simulation platform is developed to automatically generate synthetic realistic brackets images with pixel-level annotations based on 3 D digital mock-up.In order to obtain accurate shapes of brackets from 2 D image,a brackets recognizer based on Mask R-CNN is trained.In addition,a semi-automatic cable bracket inspection method is proposed.With this method,the inspector can easily obtain the inspection result only by taking a picture with a portable device,such as augmented reality(AR)glasses.The inspection task will be automatically executed via bracket recognition and matching.The experimental result shows that the proposed method for automatically labeling dataset is valid and the proposed cable bracket inspection method can effectively inspect cable bracket in the aircraft.Finally,a prototype system based on client-server framework has been developed for validation purpose.

A Thermal-Solid–Fluid Method for Topology Optimization of Structures with Design-Dependent Pressure Load

For the topology optimization of structures with design-dependent pressure,an intuitive way is to directly describe the loading boundary of the structure,and then update the load on it.However,boundary recognition is usually cumbersome and inaccurate.Furthermore,the pressure is always loaded either outside or inside the structure,instead of both.Hence,the inner enclosed and outer open spaces should be distinguished to recognize the loading surfaces.To handle the above issues,a thermal-solid–fluid method for topology optimization with design-dependent pressure load is proposed in this paper.In this method,the specific void phase is defined to be an incompressible hydrostatic fluid,through which the pressure load can be transferred without any needs for special loading surface recognition.The nonlinear-virtual thermal method(N-VTM)is used to distinguish the enclosed and open voids by the temperature difference between the enclosed(with higher temperature)and open(with lower temperature)voids,where the solid areas are treated as the thermal insulation material,and other areas are filled with the self-heating highly thermally conductive material.The mixed displacement–pressure formulation is used to model this solid–fluid problem.The method is easily implemented in the standard density approach and its effectiveness is verified and illustrated by several typical examples at the end of the paper.

High-fidelity carbon dots polarity probes:revealing the heterogeneity of lipids in oncology

Polarity is an integral microenvironment parameter in biological systems closely associated with a multitude of cellular processes.Abnormal polarity variations accompany the initiation and development of pathophysiological processes.Thus,monitoring the abnormal polarity is of scientific and practical importance.Current state-of-the-art monitoring techniques are primarily based on fluorescence imaging which relies on a single emission intensity and may cause inaccurate detection due to heterogeneous accumulation of the probes.Herein,we report carbon dots(CDs)with ultra-sensitive responses to polarity.The CDs exhibit two linear relationships:one between fluorescence intensity and polarity and the other between polarity and the maximum emission wavelength.The emission spectrum is an intrinsic property of the probes,independent of the excitation intensity or probe concentration.These features enable two-color imaging/quantitation of polarity changes in lipid droplets(LDs)and in the cytoplasm via in situ emission spectroscopy.The probes reveal the polarity heterogeneity in LDs which can be applied to make a distinction between cancer and normal cells,and reveal the polarity homogeneity in cytoplasm.

Correction to:A Thermal-Solid–Fluid Method for Topology Optimization of Structures with Design-Dependent Pressure Load

Correction to:Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica https://doi.org/10.1007/s10338-022-00351-2 In this article,Eq.(9)shows a wrong superscript.It should have been shown as below.The original article has been corrected.

Correction:Advances in targeted therapy mainly based on signal pathways for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Since the acceptance and publication of this article1,the authors opted to change the order of authors in the author group.The correct order of authors is:Yuanbo Kang,Weihan He,Caiping Ren,Jincheng Qiao,Qiuyong Guo,Caiping Ren,Jingyu Hu,Hongjuan Xu,Xingjun Jiang1 and Lei Wang This has been corrected in the original version.