With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up,the gap between urban and rural areas continues to widen,and many farmers in rural areas have chosen to work in cities in order to get out of poverty. At the same...With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up,the gap between urban and rural areas continues to widen,and many farmers in rural areas have chosen to work in cities in order to get out of poverty. At the same time,in the context of the policy of precise poverty alleviation and rural rejuvenation,various helping and supporting measures for rural areas have also emerged. Supporting education in universities is one of the most important ones. With the Graduate Teaching Fellowship of Huazhong Agricultural University and the students and parents in the teaching sites as research objects,the impact of labor mobility and fixed-position supporting education in rural areas on rural families was explored in this paper using economics,sociology and other relevant theories and analytical methods. The results showed that labor mobility can promote the increase of rural household economic income. Outbound industries and regions have a major impact on the entire family development. However,the outflow of labor can also lead to various problems such as staying behind. The fixed-position supporting education in colleges and universities can,on the one hand,promote the improvement of the academic performance of the students in the teaching areas. On the other hand,it can help students develop good habits. Fixed-position supporting education of colleges and universities can be seen as a way to make up for the outflow of labor in rural areas. Combining the flow of labor force with the teaching support of colleges and universities can better promote the development of the entire family of farmers in rural areas.展开更多
Background: Since infections can lead to adverse outcomes in autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD), this study aimed to analyze infection characteristics in AIBD, predict infection risk factors and provide probable sugge...Background: Since infections can lead to adverse outcomes in autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD), this study aimed to analyze infection characteristics in AIBD, predict infection risk factors and provide probable suggestions to infection prevention, which will spot a light on early discovery and prevention of infections in AIBD patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study of the medical records of inpatients diagnosed with AIBD at the Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Huashan Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021. We collected patients’ clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results. Risk factors for infections were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 263 AIBD patients were included in the study. The overall incidence of infection was 42.2% (111/263). Pemphigus had a higher infection rate (74/142, 52.1%) than bullous pemphigoid (37/121, 30.6%). Among the patients with infections, 49.5% (55/111) had bacterial infections, 13.5% (15/111) had fungal infections, 2.7% (3/111) had virus infections, and 34.2% (38/111) had mixed infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Candida were the most common pathogens in localized infections, while Cryptococcus and Candida were predominant in systemic infections. In the multivariate logistic model, pemphigus (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-4.63), hypoalbuminemia (OR = 3.78, 95% CI 1.68-8.50), and systemic glucocorticoid treatment (OR = 4.67, 95% CI 2.51-8.68) were independent risk factors for infection in AIBD patients. Bullous pemphigoid (OR = 3.99, 95% CI 1.03-15.45), high-dose (average > 24 mg/day) compared to low-dose (average ≤ 6 mg/day) and medium-dose (average 6-24 mg/day) systemic glucocorticoid treatment (OR = 19.31, 95% CI 3.32-112.28, and OR = 5.71, 95% CI 1.37-23.79) were associated with increased risk factors of systemic infection in AIBD patients with systemic glucocorticoid treatment. A methylprednisolone dose averaging 14 mg/day over the past three months had a 75.0% positive predictive value for infections in AIBD patients. Conclusions: The incidence of infection in AIBD patients is high, with a broad spectrum of pathogens and infection locations. AIBD patients undergoing systemic glucocorticoid treatment, especially those receiving high doses in the previous three months, should be cautious about infection.展开更多
1.Introduction Tuberculosis(TB),caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,remains a leading cause of death among infectious diseases worldwide.Latent tuberculosis infections(LTBI)contribute to the global burden of TB disea...1.Introduction Tuberculosis(TB),caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,remains a leading cause of death among infectious diseases worldwide.Latent tuberculosis infections(LTBI)contribute to the global burden of TB disease.TB preventive treatment(TPT)is a key intervention to achieve the End TB Strategy targets.The World Health Organization recommends LTBI treatment regimens,including 6 or 9 months of once-daily isoniazid(INH,H),4 months of once-daily rifampin(RIF,R),3 months of once-weekly rifapentine(RPT,P)plus INH(3HP),3 months of once-daily RIF plus INH,or 1 month of daily RPT plus INH(1HP).Clinicians and individuals with LTBI may be reluctant to implement TPT due in part to concerns regarding adherence to the long treatment duration and drug toxicity of the currently recommended LTBI treatment regimens.Shorter,better-tolerated,and cost-effective TPT regimens are highly desirable.Rifapentine is a long-acting rifamycin,and rifamycin-based regimens are now the preferred LTBI treatment because they have similar or better efficacy and higher completion rates due to their shorter duration.Based on our experiences with TPT practice among Chinese people with silicosis,we found that the 3HP regimen was not well tolerated due to an unexpectedly high frequency of adverse events(AEs)(70.4%)and grade 3 or 4 AEs(7.9%),especially the high incidence of flu-like systemic drug reactions(SDRs)(10.8%).展开更多
文摘With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up,the gap between urban and rural areas continues to widen,and many farmers in rural areas have chosen to work in cities in order to get out of poverty. At the same time,in the context of the policy of precise poverty alleviation and rural rejuvenation,various helping and supporting measures for rural areas have also emerged. Supporting education in universities is one of the most important ones. With the Graduate Teaching Fellowship of Huazhong Agricultural University and the students and parents in the teaching sites as research objects,the impact of labor mobility and fixed-position supporting education in rural areas on rural families was explored in this paper using economics,sociology and other relevant theories and analytical methods. The results showed that labor mobility can promote the increase of rural household economic income. Outbound industries and regions have a major impact on the entire family development. However,the outflow of labor can also lead to various problems such as staying behind. The fixed-position supporting education in colleges and universities can,on the one hand,promote the improvement of the academic performance of the students in the teaching areas. On the other hand,it can help students develop good habits. Fixed-position supporting education of colleges and universities can be seen as a way to make up for the outflow of labor in rural areas. Combining the flow of labor force with the teaching support of colleges and universities can better promote the development of the entire family of farmers in rural areas.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271794 and 82302533)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission sailing project(22YF1404900).
文摘Background: Since infections can lead to adverse outcomes in autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD), this study aimed to analyze infection characteristics in AIBD, predict infection risk factors and provide probable suggestions to infection prevention, which will spot a light on early discovery and prevention of infections in AIBD patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study of the medical records of inpatients diagnosed with AIBD at the Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Huashan Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021. We collected patients’ clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results. Risk factors for infections were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 263 AIBD patients were included in the study. The overall incidence of infection was 42.2% (111/263). Pemphigus had a higher infection rate (74/142, 52.1%) than bullous pemphigoid (37/121, 30.6%). Among the patients with infections, 49.5% (55/111) had bacterial infections, 13.5% (15/111) had fungal infections, 2.7% (3/111) had virus infections, and 34.2% (38/111) had mixed infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Candida were the most common pathogens in localized infections, while Cryptococcus and Candida were predominant in systemic infections. In the multivariate logistic model, pemphigus (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-4.63), hypoalbuminemia (OR = 3.78, 95% CI 1.68-8.50), and systemic glucocorticoid treatment (OR = 4.67, 95% CI 2.51-8.68) were independent risk factors for infection in AIBD patients. Bullous pemphigoid (OR = 3.99, 95% CI 1.03-15.45), high-dose (average > 24 mg/day) compared to low-dose (average ≤ 6 mg/day) and medium-dose (average 6-24 mg/day) systemic glucocorticoid treatment (OR = 19.31, 95% CI 3.32-112.28, and OR = 5.71, 95% CI 1.37-23.79) were associated with increased risk factors of systemic infection in AIBD patients with systemic glucocorticoid treatment. A methylprednisolone dose averaging 14 mg/day over the past three months had a 75.0% positive predictive value for infections in AIBD patients. Conclusions: The incidence of infection in AIBD patients is high, with a broad spectrum of pathogens and infection locations. AIBD patients undergoing systemic glucocorticoid treatment, especially those receiving high doses in the previous three months, should be cautious about infection.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271794,82302533)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(HS2021SHZX001).
文摘1.Introduction Tuberculosis(TB),caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,remains a leading cause of death among infectious diseases worldwide.Latent tuberculosis infections(LTBI)contribute to the global burden of TB disease.TB preventive treatment(TPT)is a key intervention to achieve the End TB Strategy targets.The World Health Organization recommends LTBI treatment regimens,including 6 or 9 months of once-daily isoniazid(INH,H),4 months of once-daily rifampin(RIF,R),3 months of once-weekly rifapentine(RPT,P)plus INH(3HP),3 months of once-daily RIF plus INH,or 1 month of daily RPT plus INH(1HP).Clinicians and individuals with LTBI may be reluctant to implement TPT due in part to concerns regarding adherence to the long treatment duration and drug toxicity of the currently recommended LTBI treatment regimens.Shorter,better-tolerated,and cost-effective TPT regimens are highly desirable.Rifapentine is a long-acting rifamycin,and rifamycin-based regimens are now the preferred LTBI treatment because they have similar or better efficacy and higher completion rates due to their shorter duration.Based on our experiences with TPT practice among Chinese people with silicosis,we found that the 3HP regimen was not well tolerated due to an unexpectedly high frequency of adverse events(AEs)(70.4%)and grade 3 or 4 AEs(7.9%),especially the high incidence of flu-like systemic drug reactions(SDRs)(10.8%).
