LncRNAs unraveling their sponge role in glioblastoma and potential therapeutic applications

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM),the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults,is the most malignant and still has no cure.However,the novel role of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma is attracting extensive attention.LncRNAs are transcribed RNA molecules over 200 nucleotides long that do not encode proteins.Unlike small non-coding RNAs,such as microRNAs(miRNAs),lncRNAs have more complex secondary and tertiary structures that enable them to interact with DNA,RNA,and proteins and perform multiple regulatory functions.LncRNAs act as molecular sponges,absorbing and sequestering other biomolecules,particularly miRNAs,thereby preventing these molecules from performing their normal functions.LncRNAs influence glioblastoma through gene expression regulation,molecular sponge capacity,epigenetic modulation,and signaling pathway interactions.In glioblastoma,a large number of lncRNAs have been found to be abnormally expressed,affecting tumor growth,invasion and resistance to treatment.Due to its regulatory role and disease-specific expression patterns,lncRNA has become a potential biomarker for glioblastoma and a promising new therapeutic target.This paper discusses the spongy role of lncRNAs in glioblastoma and its potential therapeutic applications,which will lay a foundation for our understanding of glioblastoma biology and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the future.

Effects of Powder Ridge Cultivation on Growth and Yield of Hunan Cassava

[Objective] The aim was to explore a suitable cultivation approach for cassava in Hunan province. [Method] With SC9(Southern China 9) as test materials, the test included four treatment methods, as follows: control group by traditional cultivation with crops uncovered(CK), treatment 1 by traditional cultivation with mulch coverage, treatment 2 by powder ridge cultivation with crops uncovered, and treatment 3 by powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage. Water and fertilizer managements were kept the same. [Result] Compared with traditional cultivation(CK), the treatment by powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage performed better. Specifically, yield per unit area reached 44 790 kg/hm2, increasing by 86.38%(20 760 kg/hm2) than that of control; starch content grew by 17.24%. The cultivation method considerably improved cassava yield and quality. [Conclusion] Powder ridge cultivation with mulch coverage is a cultivation approach suitable for cassava in Hunan province.

Relationship Between Net Photosynthetic Rate of Cassava SC205 and Its Physio-ecological Factors

[Objective] The aim was to measure photosynthetic characters of SC 205, a cassava cultivar, and explore the relationships of the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) with physiological and ecological factors. [Method] The diurnal variations of photosynthesis in leaves of SC205 were studied by LICOR-6400 portable photosynthesis system, and the relationships of the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) with physiological and ecological factors were studied by simple correlation analysis and path analysis. [Result] The curve of diurnal variation of Pn showed single peak at 10:00 am at 24.07 μ mol CO2m2/s, without showing midday depression; the diurnal changes of stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr), leaf temperature(Tl), air temperature(Ta) and photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) all showed single peak curves, and there were positive relationships of Pn with Gs, Tr, Tl, Ta and PAR. The diurnal variations of intercellular CO2concentration(Ci), atmospheric CO2concentration(Ca), relative humidity(RH) showed in a U-shape curve. There were highly significant positive correlation of Pn with Gs and PAR; the diurnal variation of Pn had highly significant negative correlations with Ci and Ca. The direct impact of physiological factors on Pn was as follows: Ci>Gs>Tl>Tr, and the direct impact of ecological factors was RH >PAR >Ca >Ta. [Conclusion] The research showed that Ci, Gs and Tr play very important roles in the changes of Pn among the physiological factors, and PAR and Ca affect the changes of Pn among the ecological factors.

Multiple thermal events recorded in the Acasta Gneiss Complex:Evidence from in-situ dating of zircon, titanite, and apatite

In-situ dating of the zircons, titanites, and apatites in the rock fragments of approximately 1 cm2in size from the Acasta Gneiss Complex was performed using secondary ion mass spectrometry or laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to provide constraints on the thermal history of the Acasta Gneiss Complex. The zircons in these rock fragments typically exhibit multiple age populations, reflecting the presence of inherited zircons or the post-crystallization process of zircon overgrowth. Combined with previous studies, our zircon dating results reveal multiple magmatic events that occurred in the Acasta Gneiss Complex, specifically at >3.96, ~3.72, and ~3.57 Ga, respectively. A titanite Pb-Pb isochron age of2911±22 Ma(95% confidence level, MSWD=1.5) for sample AY199 is identified, consistent with the timing of the latest Archean magmatism in the Acasta Gneiss Complex. The titanite U-Pb ages for samples AC478 and AY066 are 1932±270 Ma(95% confidence level, MSWD=2.3) and 1813±45 Ma(95% confidence level, MSWD=2.3), respectively. The apatites in sample P090803-C exhibit a Pb-Pb isochron age of 1833±26 Ma(95% confidence level, MSWD=1.4). The apatite U-Pb ages for samples AC478, AY199, and AY066 are 1850±20 Ma(95% confidence level, MSWD=1.3), 1827±100 Ma(95% confidence level, MSWD=6.3), and 1807±58 Ma(95% confidence level, MSWD=3.9), respectively. Titanites in samples AC478 and AY066, as well as the apatites in all four investigated samples, show a uniform age(Pb-Pb or U-Pb age) of ~1.9–1.8 Ga,indicating U-Pb system reset in these minerals due to the Wopmay orogeny and documenting that the peak temperature condition associated with the Wopmay orogeny exceeded the apatite U-Pb closure temperature and approached or exceeded that of titanite.

In situ Rb-Sr dating of mica by LA-ICP-MS/MS

Mica exhibits a relatively high Rb/Sr ratio and possesses a closure temperature for the Rb-Sr isotope system that is higher than the ore-forming temperature range of low-to medium-temperature deposits.Consequently,utilizing the laser ablation(LA)technique for in situ Rb-Sr dating in mica constitutes a significant methodology for resolving the mineralization chronology of low-to medium-temperature hydrothermal ore deposits.In this study,we employed a combination of a triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS/MS)and 193 nm LA system with SF_6as the reaction gas to achieve interference removal of~(87)Rb~+on~(87)Sr~+.We then developed an in situ Rb-Sr dating method for mica.In addition,an investigation was conducted to identify the factors that could influence the analytical accuracy of the method.Subsequently,we applied the developed method to carry out in situ Rb-Sr dating for the ZBH-25 biotite,a national primary reference material(GBW04439)for K-Ar dating,and yielded a younger age(ca.12%,relative standard deviation,RSD)than the reference K-Ar age when using NIST SRM 610 as the reference material for external calibration.This finding indicated that in the process of determining Rb-Sr ages for mica by LA-ICP-MS/MS,there are significant matrix effects between the NIST SRM 610 and the mica samples,resulting in inaccurate Rb-Sr ages.In response to this issue,a two-step calibration method is proposed here.Based on external calibration using NIST SRM 610,ZBH-25 biotite is employed as a second external reference material to perform a second calibration of the sample data to correct the matrix effect between the glass standards and the natural mica samples,thereby improving the accuracy of Rb-Sr dating by LA-ICP-MS/MS.Using the proposed method,in situ Rb-Sr dating by LA-ICP-MS/MS was performed on mica samples from monzonite exposed in Mt.Dromedary,New South Wales,Australia,porphyritic granodiorite in Fangshan pluton and albionite granite in the Gyirong area of Tibet.The obtained Rb-Sr age results show agreement with the recommended values within the analytical uncertainty,which serves to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.

太古宙科马提岩并非来自^(18)O亏损的地幔源区

氧是地幔中丰度最高的元素,探究地球早期原始地幔的氧同位素组成对了解硅酸盐地球的起始特征以及后期分异过程极为重要.太古宙早期的科马提岩多源自地球深部很少受到后期对流扰动的地幔源区,因此是揭示地球早期地幔属性的绝佳对象.前人基于激光氟化法对科马提岩中橄榄石的氧同位素分析提出地球早期深部地幔存在一个异常亏损^(18)O的源区.本文通过详细的显微结构和微区氧同位素分析揭示所谓异常亏损^(18)O的特征更可能是激光氟化分析过程中混入次生矿物蛇纹石和磁铁矿的结果.岩浆成因橄榄石具有与现今地幔橄榄石一致的氧同位素组成.这表明原始地幔并不存在初始的氧同位素不均一性且该特征自冥古宙以来未发生明显变化.因此,地幔中出现富集或亏损^(18)O的组分可归因于表壳物质再循环,这对于识别板块构造启动时间以及幔源岩浆成因具有重要意义.

Verification of a Modified Nonhydrostatic Global Spectral Dynamical Core Based on the Dry-Mass Vertical Coordinate: Three-Dimensional Idealized Test Cases

The newly developed nonhydrostatic(NH)global spectral dynamical core is evaluated by using three-dimensional(3D)benchmark tests with/without moisture.This new dynamical core differs from the original Aladin-NH like one in the combined use of a dry-mass vertical coordinate and a new temperature variable,and thus,it inherently conserves the dry air mass and includes the mass sink effect associated with precipitation flux.Some 3D dry benchmark tests are first conducted,including steady state,dry baroclinic waves,mountain waves in non-sheared and sheared background flows,and a dry Held–Suarez test.The results from these test cases demonstrate that the present dynamical core is accurate and robust in applications on the sphere,especially for addressing the nonhydrostatic effects.Then,three additional moist test cases are conducted to further explore the improvement of the new dynamical core.Importantly,in contrast to the original Aladin-NH like one,the new dynamical core prefers to obtain simulated tropical cyclone with lower pressure,stronger wind speeds,and faster northward movement,which is much closer to the results from the Model for Prediction Across Scales(MPAS),and it also enhances the updrafts and provides enhanced precipitation rate in the tropics,which partially compensates the inefficient vertical transport due to the absence of the deep convection parameterization in the moist Held–Suarez test,thus demonstrating its potential value for full-physics global NH numerical weather prediction application.

The Rb-Sr isochron of ore and pyrite sub-samples from Linglong gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China and their geological significance

Here we report the first direct Rb-Sr dating of pyrites and ores using sub-sampling from lode gold deposits in Linglong, Jiaodong Peninsula, which is a supra-large lode gold deposit and propose this as a useful geochronological technique for gold mineralization with poor age constraint. The Rb-Sr data of pyrites yield an isochron age of (121.6±8.1) Ma, whereas those of ore and ore-pyrite spread in two ranges from 120.0 to 121.8 Ma and from 110.0 to 111.7 Ma. Studies of characteristic of gold deposit and microscopy of pyrite and quartz indicate that the apparent ages of ore and ore-pyrite are not isochron ages, only mixed by two end members, i.e. the primitive hydrothermal fluids and wall rocks, whereas the isochron age of pyrite sub-samples constrains the age of gold mineralization (121.6±8.1) Ma, i.e. early Cretaceous, which is in good agreement with the published SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages.

In situ calcite U-Pb geochronology by high-sensitivity single-collector LA-SF-ICP-MS

U-Pb geochronology of calcite using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is an emerging method,with potential applications to a vast array of geological problems.Due to the low levels of U and Pb in calcite,measurement using higher-sensitivity instruments,such as sector field (SF) ICP-MS,have advantages over more commonly used quadrupole (Q) ICP-MS instruments.Using a Thermo Element XR ICP-MS,we demonstrate that the Jet+X cone combination with the N_(2) enhancement technique provides the best sensitivity for measuring U and Pb isotopes.This higher sensitivity improves the precision of calcite U-Pb isotope measurements,and permits dating at high spatial resolutions (<110μm) and for samples containing low contents of^(238)U (<1μg g^(–1)) and/or^(207)Pb (i.e.,young samples<10 Ma).Using a spot size of 85μm with a low fluence (~2.0 J cm^(–2)),the laser-induced elemental fractionation of^(206)Pb/^(238)U in the NIST SRM 614,ARM-3 and WC-1 reference materials are insignificant (<2.2%).Adopting the optimized instrument parameters,we analysed four commonly-used calcite U-Pb reference materials (WC-1,Duff Brown Tank,JT,and ASH-15).The results match well with published isotope dilution data,demonstrating the reliability of our technique.ARM-3,an andesitic glass,is shown to be an appropriate reference material for both^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb calibration and instrument optimization because of its moderate contents of U(~3.75μg g^(–1)) and Pb (~12.7μg g^(–1)).We further demonstrate that the image-guided approach using LA-ICP-MS elemental mapping is an efficient tool in obtaining robust ages.

KV01 zircon—A potential New Archean reference material for microbeam U-Pb age and Hf-O isotope determinations

To meet the rapid development of zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf-O isotope geochemistry,it is imperative to develop well-characterized zircon reference materials for microbeam analysis.Here,zircon KV01 separated from the Kaap Valley pluton,South Africa is introduced as a potential Archean reference material for microbeam U-Pb age and Hf-O isotope determination.SIMS and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic measurements gave grand mean 207Pb/206Pb ages of 3233±16 Ma(2 s,n=90)and 3230±26 Ma(2 s,n=52),which are consistent with reported CA-ID-TIMS results.Slight heterogeneity of oxygen isotopes is revealed by SIMS analyses that yielded a relatively largeδ18O range of 4.61–6.51‰.Among them,the zircon grains with clear oscillatory zones give a grand meanδ18O value of 6.17±0.33‰(2 s),which is suggested to record the primary O isotopic compositions.The homogeneity in the Hf isotopic compositions of KV01 zircon was checked by the laser ablation and solution MC-ICP-MS methods.They yielded consistent results with a recommended 176Hf/177Hf ratio of 0.280810±0.000013(2 s).The results reported here demonstrate that KV01 zircon could be a reliable reference material for microbeam 207Pb/206Pb age and Hf isotope determinations of ancient zircons,and be suitable as a quality monitor for SIMS oxygen isotopic analysis.

Material records for Mesozoic destruction of the North China Craton by subduction of the Paleo-Pacific slab

It is well known that the destruction of the North China Carton(NCC)is closely related to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific slab,but materials recording such subduction has not been identified at the peak time of decratonization.This paper presents data of whole-rock major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes and zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-O isotopes for Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the Liaodong-Jinan region in the northeastern NCC,in order to trace the subduction-related materials in their source and origin.The Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Liaodong-Jinan region are mainly composed of two series of rocks,including alkaline basaltic trachyandesite,trachyandesite and trachyte,and subalkaline trachyandesite and andesite.Zircon U-Pb dating yields eruption ages of 129–124 Ma for these rocks.The Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks are all enriched in LILEs(such as Rb,Sr,Ba and Th)and LREEs,depleted in HFSEs(such as Nb,Ta and Ti),indicating that they were originated from mantle sources that had been modified by subducted crustal materials.However,they have relatively heterogeneous and variable isotopic compositions.The alkaline basaltic trachyandesite,trachyandesite and trachyte have enriched whole-rock Sr-Nd-Hf and zircon Hf isotopic compositions and mantle-likeδ18O values,suggesting that they were derived from low-degree partial melting of an isotopically enriched lithospheric mantle source.In contrast,the subalkaline trachyandesite and andesite have relatively depleted isotopic compositions with zirconεHf(t)values up to+5.2 and heavy zircon O isotopic compositions with δ18O values of+8.1‰to+9.0‰,indicating that they were originated from a lithospheric mantle source that had been metasomatized by melts/fluids derived from the recycled low-T altered oceanic basalt.All of these geochemical features suggest that the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the Liaodong-Jinan region would result from mixing of mafic magmas with different compositions.Such magmas were originated from the enriched lithospheric mantle and the young metasomatized mantle,respectively,with variable extents of enrichment and depletion in trace elements,radiogenic isotopes and O isotopes.Importantly,the identification of the low-T altered oceanic crust component in the origin of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks by the zircon Hf-O isotopes provides affirmative isotopic evidence and direct material records for Mesozoic subduction of the Paleo-Pacific slab that induced decratonization of the North China Craton.

UMSCs Attenuate LPS/D-GalN-induced Acute Liver Failure in Mice by Down-regulating the MyD88/NF-κB Pathway

Background and Aims:Acute liver failure(ALF)is an inflammatory process of acute liver cell injury.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are undifferentiated,primitive cells with antiinflammatory,anti-apoptotic,and multi-directional differentiation abilities.This study aimed to explore the therapeutic mechanism of umbilical cord(U)MSCs in ALF.Methods:Dgalactosamine(D-GalN)combined with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was used to establish an ALF model.After model establishment,UMSCs were injected via the tail vein.After UMSC transplantation,the number of mouse deaths was monitored every 12 h.A fully automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect changes in biochemical analysis.Pathological changes was observed by stained with hematoxylin and eosin.The expression of My D88 was detected by immunohistochemical analysis,quantitative reverse transcription,and western blotting.The expression of NF-κB was detected by quantitative reverse transcription,western blotting.The expression of Bcl-2,Bax were detected by quantitative reverse transcription,western blotting.The expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The 48-h survival rate of the UMSC-treated group was significantly higher than that of the LPS/D-GalNexposed group.After 24 h of LPS/D-GalN exposure,UMSCs reduced serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels and improved the liver structure.Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification analyses showed that UMSCs decreased MyD88 expression,thereby inhibiting LPS/GalN-induced phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of nuclear factor(NF)-κB(IκB).Additionally,NF-κB p65 underwent nuclear translocation,inhibiting the production of the inflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand played a protective role in ALF by down-regulating the pro-apoptotic gene Bax and up-regulating the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2.In summary,these findings indicate that UMSCs play a protective role in LPS/GalN-induced acute liver injury via inhibition of the MyD88 pathway and subsequent inhibition of NF-κB-mediated cytokine production.Conclusions:Through the above mechanisms,UMSCs can effectively reduce LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF,reduce mouse mortality,and restore damaged liver function and damaged liver tissue.

Microbial electrolysis cells with biocathodes and driven by microbial fuel cells for simultaneous enhanced Co（Ⅱ） and Cu（Ⅱ） removal

Cobalt and copper recovery from aqueous Co （II） and Cu（II） is one critical step for cobalt and copper wastewaters treatment. Previous tests have primarily examined Cu（II） and Co（II） removal in microbial electro- lysis cells （MECs） with abiotic cathodes and driven by microbial fuel cell （MFCs）. However, Cu（II） and Co（II） removal rates were still slow. Here we report MECs with biocathodes and driven by MFCs where enhanced removal rates of 6.0＋0.2mg·L^-1·h^-1 for Cu（II） at an initial concentration of 50 mg·L^-1 and 5.3~0.4mg·L^-1·h^-1 for Co（II） at an initial 40 mg· L^-1 were achieved, 1.7 times and 3.3 times as high as those in MECs with abiotic cathodes and driven by MFCs. Species of Cu（II） was reduced to pure copper on the cathodes of MFCs whereas Co（II） was removed associated with microorganisms on the cathodes of the connected MECs. Higher Cu（II） concentrations and smaller working volumes in the cathode chambers of MFCs further improved removal rates of Cu（II） （115.7 mg·L^-1·h^-1） and Co（II） （6.4 mg·L^-1·h^-1） with concomi- tantly achieving hydrogen generation （0.054-0.00 mol·mol^-1 COD）. Phylogenetic analysis on the bio- cathodes indicates Proteobacteria dominantly accounted for 67.9% of the total reads, followed by Firmicutes （14.0%）, Bacteroidetes （6.1%）, Tenericutes （2.5%）, Lentisphaerae （1.4%）, and Synergistetes （1.0%）. This study provides a beneficial attempt to achieve simultaneous enhanced Cu（II） and Co（II） removal, and efficient Cu（II） and Co（II） wastewaters treatment without any external energy consumption.

Methodology for in situ wolframite U-Pb dating and its application

Tungsten(or wolfram,W),one of the crucial metal sources,is widely used in electronics,oil,chemical and military industries.China owns abundant tungsten resources(~60%of the world reserves and~80%of the world’s production),of which the area from Southern Jiangxi-Northern GuangdongSouthern Hunan is the most significant ore belt in south China.Understanding ore genesis and distribution as well as the process of fine mineralization will further benefit the prospecting and exploration of tungsten deposits.The accurate determination of the age of mineralization is at the front line in the study of ore deposit and the premise for solving and understanding the above problems.