Practice and Thinking of Agricultural Science and Technology Experts Serving the Grassroots to Promote Rural Revitalization

Provincial agricultural research institutes are local agricultural research institutions.They are familiar with local agricultural and ru-ral conditions,and have advantages in scientific and technological achievements,technical reserves and the construction of scientific and tech-nological talent support systems.In the process of promoting the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,all the responsibilities and obligations of the agricultural research institute are to identify the focus of scientific and technological support and talent support in rural revital-ization,and break the bottleneck and constraints of rural revitalization.By sorting out the current situation of agricultural science and technolo-gy experts serving the grassroots in the problem of talent support for rural revitalization,this paper analyzed the existing problems and put for-ward countermeasures and recommendations.

Practice and Reflection on Strengthening Grassroots Party Building Work in Agricultural Research Institutes:A Case Study of Changli Pomology Institute,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences

Changli Pomology Institute,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences is taken as the research object.Starting from the relationship between party building and scientific research,in response to the problems in grassroots party building in agricultural research institutes such as insufficient theoretical learning,single party building activity mode,and lack of incentive mechanism in party affairs work,the"three integrations"approach and"four integrations"model are proposed to strengthen the deep integration of party building and scientific research in provincial-level agricultural research institutes.The"three integrations"approach is the integrated development of party building and scientific and technological innovation,the integrated development of party building and scientific and technological services,and the integrated development of party building and technology talents.The"four integrations"model includes the implementation of party building innovation projects,the implementation of 1+N branch pairing and co-construction,the implementation of the"party building+"work method,and the implementation of"theme intersection"activities.The research aims to promote the deep integration of party building and scientific research in provincial-level agricultural research institutes.

Practice and Reflection on the Science and Technology Propaganda Work of Agricultural Research Institutes in the New Era : A Case Study of Changli Pomology Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences

Taking Changli Fruit Tree Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences as an example,starting from the importance of strengthening scientific and technological propaganda work in agricultural research institutes,the current situation of scientific and technological propaganda work in agricultural research institutes is analyzed in this paper.In response to the problems of lack of targeted evaluation mechanism,lack of distinctive publicity forms,and weak news sensitivity of science and technology propaganda workers in agricultural research institutions,strategies such as establishing a scientific and standardized evaluation system,improving incentive policies,deeply exploring propaganda content,leveraging the joint advantages of new and traditional media,and cultivating and training science and technology propaganda teams are proposed.

Thoughts on the Professional Training of Scientific and Technological Management Team of High-level Talents in Provincial Agricultural Research Institutes

From two aspects:the composition of scientific research management institutions and the tasks undertaken by scientific research management departments,the present situation of scientific and technological management team in agricultural research institutes is expounded.Some problems existed in the scientific and technological management team of provincial agricultural research institutes are analyzed,such as uneven knowledge structure of scientific research management personnel,low degree of specialization,poor stability,lack of professional and systematic job training,etc.Professional development countermeasures are proposed,such as optimizing the structure of scientific research management team,establishing a professional management system with the characteristics of agricultural scientific research institutions,formulating corresponding evaluation mechanism for scientific research management personnel,and strengthening the training of agricultural scientific research management personnel.

Study on Top Grafting Technology of Bare Scions of Walnut Trees in Eastern Hebei

[Objectives]To accelerate the improvement of walnut varieties and change the cultivation status of low yield and poor quality.[Methods]Through experimenting on the optimization technology of walnut trees,this paper studied the suitable top grafting period and scientific top grafting protection measures of walnut trees in Eastern Hebei,and established the top grafting technology system of walnut.Moreover,this paper explored the impact of different time and scientific management and protection measures on the survival rate and growth of bare scion top grafting of walnut trees.[Results]The grafting time had a great impact on the growth of new shoots,and there were significant differences in the survival rate among different grafting periods.The highest grafting survival rate was 96.97%on April 27 and the lowest grafting survival rate was 66.67%on May 4;the average survival rate was 78.10%.Among them,the survival rate of top grafting was the highest on April 20 and April 27.The growth of new shoots grafted in the early stage was greater than that in the late stage.The growth of new shoots and branches on April 8 and April 20 were the largest,with lengths of 160.3 and 143.7 cm;the thickness was 1.72 and 1.43 cm;the branch lengths were 79.8 and 63.4 cm;the branch thickness was 0.98 and 0.82 cm;the growth index was also the highest on April 8 and April 20 at 10,20,30 d after grafting,which was significantly different from other time periods.[Conclusions]Walnut trees with early grafting in Eastern Hebei can quickly restore their crown growth and had higher yield,thus this technology can be widely applied in Eastern Hebei or Yanshan area.

Thoughts on Science and Technology Service in Provincial Agricultural Research Institutes under the New Normal:Taking Changli Institute of Pomology of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences as an Example

In the context of the new normal of high-quality agricultural development,it is necessary to accelerate the comprehensive connection of scientific and technological services of provincial agricultural research institutes and industries,and mobilize the enthusiasm of scientific and technological service personnel.Under the new normal,traditional service types are single,technology promotion and training are becoming narrower and narrower.This article analyzed the problems in scientific and technological services of provincial agricultural research institutes,including lack of comprehensive demonstration bases,not close cooperation between scientific and technological and the government and new business entities,and lack of incentive mechanism.Finally,it came up with some pertinent recommendations such as improving supporting mechanism construction,making classified evaluation,and changing the scientific and technological service concepts.

Current Situation and Thinking of Introduction,Cultivation and Use of High-level Talents in Agricultural Research Institutes under the New Era:A Case Study of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences

Current situation of introduction,cultivation and use of high-level talents in agricultural research institutes are analyzed,and the optimized development strategy of further strengthening the construction,introduction,cultivation and use of high-level talent team is thought.It plays a positive role in provincial agricultural research institutes discovering,cultivating and gathering a number of high-quality talents and high-level innovation teams.

Some Thoughts on the Scientific Research Management of Young Scientific Research Managers in Research Institutes

By analyzing current situation of youth scientific research management in research institutes,including problems in scientific research management departments and problems faced by young scientific research management workers,it focuses on thinking from two aspects:the job of science and technology management and improving the working ability of young scientific research managers.It points out the four key cores in the work of youth scientific research management,namely,setting up project approval,establishing project technical files,doing well in project acceptance and achievements demonstration and promotion,doing well in achievements reward,and promoting the output of scientific and technological achievements.The working ability is improved by means of research integrity education,learning relevant professional knowledge while improving business capability,research on the art of scientific research management,and improving management level of science and technology innovation managers in the new era by"new four focuses".

Attaching Importance to the Training of Young Researchers and Promoting the Echelon Construction of the Research Institute

This paper analyzes the current situation of training young scientific and technological talents,attracting talents and making good use of talents in Changli Fruit Tree Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.There are some problems,such as lack of talent recruitment planning,and lack of follow-up training mechanism.This paper puts forward some measures,such as formulating a scientific recruitment plan,making a follow-up plan for talent training,building an ability-and performance-oriented evaluation mechanism for scientific and technological talents,so as to attach importance to the training of young scientific research talents and promote the echelon construction of the research institute.

单晶高镍三元正极材料的合成及改性

随着便携式电子产品、电动汽车领域的快速发展,高能量密度锂离子电池的需求度正在日益增加。镍含量在0.6(含)以上的高镍三元材料体系(如LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2),LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)和LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.05)O_(2))在截止电压为4.3 V(vs Li^(+)/Li)的条件下,可逆比容量超过200 m Ah·g^(-1),是高比容量正极的重要发展方向。然而,多晶三元材料的机械强度和压实密度较低,且颗粒中的一次晶粒间存在各向异性,导致在充放电过程中会在多晶颗粒内产生晶间裂纹,电解液会沿晶间裂纹向颗粒内部渗透,从而加剧电极-电解液副反应、恶化电池的循环性能和安全性能。采用无晶界的单晶结构设计可以减少晶间裂纹的形成、抑制界面副反应和提高循环稳定性。本文将对单晶高镍三元材料的优势与存在问题进行综述,并对其合成方法和改性策略进行分析,最后,对单晶高镍三元材料的应用前景与面临的挑战进行评述与展望。

Boosting reversible charging of Li-ion batteries at low temperatures by a synergy of propylene carbonate-based electrolyte and defective graphite

Propylene carbonate(PC)-based electrolytes have exhibited significant advantages in boosting the low-temperature discharging of graphite-based Li-ion batteries.However,it is still unclear whether they can improve the charging property and suppress lithium plating.Studying this topic is challenging due to the problem of electrochemical compatibility.To overcome this issue,we introduced graphite with phase defects.The results show that the pouch-type full batteries using PC-based electrolyte exhibit steady performance over 500 cycles and can be reversibly charged over 30 times at-20℃ with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.95%,while the corresponding value for the conventional ethylene carbonate(EC)-based electrolyte sample is only 31.20%.This indicates that the use of PC-based electrolyte significantly suppresses lithium plating during low-temperature charging.We further demonstrate that the improved performance is mainly attributed to the unique solvation structure,where PF-6more anions participate in solvation,leading to the formation of a stable F-rich solid state electrolyte interface on the graphite surface and a lower reduction tendency of Li+ions.This work inspires new ideas for the design of PC-based electrolytes for low-temperature charging and fast-charging batteries.

基于马氏杆三棱镜和三棱镜交替遮盖试验的急性共同性内斜视手术疗效比较

目的:比较分别以马氏杆三棱镜度和三棱镜交替遮盖(PACT)斜视度作为急性共同性内斜视(AACE)手术目标量的治疗效果。方法:回顾性系列病例研究。连续收集2020年1月至2022年3月于山东中医药大学附属眼科医院接受斜视矫正术且随诊6个月以上的AACE病例34例,根据手术目标斜视量对应的检查方法分为对照组18例和马氏杆组16例。对照组将PACT斜视度作为手术目标量,马氏杆组术前增加马氏杆三棱镜度检查并作为手术目标量,2组均采用PACT测量术后斜视度。观察比较患者术前与术后斜视度、融合范围、近立体视等资料。手术成功标准为视远和视近斜视度均在-8.0~8.0 PD内,复视消失。采用t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验和χ^(2)检验对数据进行分析。结果:马氏杆组术前检查显示马氏杆三棱镜度大于PACT斜视度[视远差值(6.0±3.9)PD;视近差值(6.6±2.4)PD],差异均有统计学意义(t=-6.10,P<0.001;t=-11.08,P<0.001)。术后末次随诊时,马氏杆组视远、视近残余斜视度均小于对照组[(1.6±2.1)PD vs.(4.0±2.8)PD;(3.1±2.2)PD vs.(5.9±3.3)PD],差异均有统计学意义(t=2.75,P=0.010;t=2.87,P=0.007)。经1次手术成功者在对照组有14例(78%)、马氏杆组有15例(94%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组和马氏杆组术后融合范围分别比术前增加3.9°±3.6°和4.2°±2.5°,2组间术后融合范围差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后恢复中心凹立体视者在对照组有10例(63%),马氏杆组有10例(77%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:以PACT斜视度和马氏杆三棱镜度作为目标量的斜视手术均能有效改善AACE患者的眼位、融合功能和近立体视,但以马氏杆三棱镜度作为手术目标量术后残余斜视度更少。

Regulation voltage of LiNiPO_(4) by density functional theory(DFT)calculation to move towards practical application

LiNiPO_(4)(working at~5.1 V)shows potential advantages in the competition of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of high energy density.However,the high-voltage electrolyte developed can only remain relatively stable in the range of less than 4.8V,so the operating voltage of LiNiPO_(4)needs to be adjusted to smaller to better exploit its high-voltage advantages.To regulate the operating voltage of LiNiPO_(4)while ensuring the relative stability of its electrochemical properties,in this work,all the 3d,4d,and 5d transition metals(TMs)are,respectively,doped into the Ni site of LiNiPO_(4)to screen out the doped models with excellent electrochemical performance.In particular,the changes in lattice structure,electronic properties,formation energy,mechanical properties,anisotropy,and working voltage were used as screening criteria.By considering the above screening criteria,the Cr-and Fe-doped LiNiPO_(4)with open circuit voltage~4.7 and~4.8 V are considered to have leading performance and can be used for applicable high-voltage LIBs.The screening results of this work can provide an overall understanding of the doping of LiNiPO_(4)by TMs and have advanced a theoretical idea for the design of new high-voltage LIBs cathode materials.

税收激励对企业创新效应的影响及持续时间研究——基于多期DID模型的实证检验

增强减税力度是国民提升幸福感的重要动力,也是在企业经营发展过程中发挥作用的关键。文章借助2004~2009年历次增值税转型作为准自然实验,采用多期倍差法评估了减税对企业创新的影响及其机制。研究发现:第一,增值税转型改革显著提升了企业的创新能力,其促进作用对大型、东部和法制环境较好地区的企业更为明显。第二,进一步研究得出改革对不同地区企业的创新行为具有动态性;机制分析表明该政策可通过市场需求和职工待遇这两个渠道影响企业创新水平。第三,研究还发现,减税在总体上延长了企业的创新持续时间。研究结果表明,在加大减税政策力度的同时,还应持续加强对部分企业的差异化管理,做到国内企业创新“以大带小”“以强带弱”的同步进行。

Removal and transformation of organic matters in domestic wastewater during lab-scale chemically enhanced primary treatment and a trickling filter treatment

To find a simple and economical way for treating the domestic wastewater irt small counties and towns, a process combining chemically enhanced primary treatment and a trickling filter （CEPT-TF, representing the physical and biological effects） was constructed and operated in laboratory conditions. The characteristic behaviors of dissolved organic matter in raw wastewater and effluents were examined during steady-state operation. Experimental results showed that the process of CEPT and TF in series was beneficial for the removal of hydrophobic and hydrophilic organics. Specially, the hydrophobic and aromatic materials could be preferentially removed in the CEPT unit, and the hydrophilic fraction in the TF. Structural changes of the organic fractions during the operation of the different units were also characterized via spectrum analysis.

Using Bayesian Bio-economic model to evaluate the management strategies of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

The neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii)in the Northwest Pacific Ocean is one economically important cephalopod,largely exploited by squid jigging fleets from Chinese Mainland,Japan,and Chinese Taibei.In this study,a Bayesian Bio-economic model was developed using fishery data from Chinese Mainland,Japan,and Chinese Taibei,and relevant fishery economic data from Chinese Mainland.The stock assessment and risk analysis of alternative management strategies for O.bartramii were carried out.Three prior distributions(i.e.,uniform,normal and logarithmic normal)for model parameters were assumed in different scenarios.The results showed that the estimated model parameters and reference points such as maximum sustainable yield(MSY),maximum economic yield(MEY),bio-economic balance point(BE)and fishing mortality were similar in the scenarios of normal and logarithmic normal prior assumptions.However,the estimates were larger in the scenario of uniform prior assumption.The fishing mortalities and annual catches from 1996 to 2008 were lower than the reference points F_(0.1) and MSY in all the three scenarios,indicating that O.bartramii stock is at sustainable exploited level.The results of decision analysis indicated that under the same harvest rate,the catch and biomass in 2023 from the uniform assumption were the highest.However,the highest probability of the collapse was found for squid resources after 2023.Our findings suggested that the harvest rate of 0.4 appeared to be the best management regulation under the uniform assumption,and the MSY would be 200 thousand tons.In addition,the harvest rate of 0.5 would be the best management regulation under the other two assumptions,and the MSY would be 180 thousand tons,which balanced the desire for high yields and the healthy population.The results of this study could be used to provide management suggestions for neon flying squid in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.