Spectral indices from OMEGA hyperspectral data show that there are two main phyllosilicates exposed in and around Mawrth Vallis:Al phyllosilicates and Fe/Mg phyllosilicates.Detailed analysis of CRISM spectra shows tha...Spectral indices from OMEGA hyperspectral data show that there are two main phyllosilicates exposed in and around Mawrth Vallis:Al phyllosilicates and Fe/Mg phyllosilicates.Detailed analysis of CRISM spectra shows that Al phyllosilicates such as montmorillonite,hydrated silica,kaolinite;Fe/Mg phyllosilicates such as nontronite,saponite,serpentine are widespread on the light-toned outcrops.Though similar stratigraphical sequences,morphologies and textures are observed on both sides of Mawrth Vallis from HiRISE images,suggesting that the geological processes that formed these units must have operated at a regional scale;the multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis(MESMA) derived mineral abundance indicates that there is a higher level of alteration in the western side relative to the eastern side.We suggest that the observed phyllosilicates,stratigraphical sequences and different levels of alteration might have been caused by sedimentary deposition processes in which the composition of the external source sediment or the local solution was different,or by a pedogenic process closely related to the leaching of abundant liquid water with different chemical properties.展开更多
The perspective of internal structure of the decision making units (DMUs) was considered as the “black box” when employing data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. However, in the actual world there are always some D...The perspective of internal structure of the decision making units (DMUs) was considered as the “black box” when employing data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. However, in the actual world there are always some DMUs that are composed of several sub-units or subsystems, each utilizes the same inputs to generate same outputs. Numerous instances can be listed, such as a firm with a few of plants. In this paper we present models that evaluated the efficiency of DMU which is comprised of same several parallel subsystems, the foremost contribution of our work is that we take the different importance of the subsystems into account in the model, which can be obviously distinguished to the existing DEA model. Secondly, since the alternative optimal multipliers may emerge in the model, the efficiency of each subsystem may be non-unique and we simultaneously develop models of efficiency decomposition for each subsystem. At last a case of technological innovation activities of each province in China is used as an example to state the models.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41002120)Opening Fund of Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(Grant No.SCSXDZ2013005)
文摘Spectral indices from OMEGA hyperspectral data show that there are two main phyllosilicates exposed in and around Mawrth Vallis:Al phyllosilicates and Fe/Mg phyllosilicates.Detailed analysis of CRISM spectra shows that Al phyllosilicates such as montmorillonite,hydrated silica,kaolinite;Fe/Mg phyllosilicates such as nontronite,saponite,serpentine are widespread on the light-toned outcrops.Though similar stratigraphical sequences,morphologies and textures are observed on both sides of Mawrth Vallis from HiRISE images,suggesting that the geological processes that formed these units must have operated at a regional scale;the multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis(MESMA) derived mineral abundance indicates that there is a higher level of alteration in the western side relative to the eastern side.We suggest that the observed phyllosilicates,stratigraphical sequences and different levels of alteration might have been caused by sedimentary deposition processes in which the composition of the external source sediment or the local solution was different,or by a pedogenic process closely related to the leaching of abundant liquid water with different chemical properties.
文摘The perspective of internal structure of the decision making units (DMUs) was considered as the “black box” when employing data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. However, in the actual world there are always some DMUs that are composed of several sub-units or subsystems, each utilizes the same inputs to generate same outputs. Numerous instances can be listed, such as a firm with a few of plants. In this paper we present models that evaluated the efficiency of DMU which is comprised of same several parallel subsystems, the foremost contribution of our work is that we take the different importance of the subsystems into account in the model, which can be obviously distinguished to the existing DEA model. Secondly, since the alternative optimal multipliers may emerge in the model, the efficiency of each subsystem may be non-unique and we simultaneously develop models of efficiency decomposition for each subsystem. At last a case of technological innovation activities of each province in China is used as an example to state the models.
