Spermatogenesis is a highly efficient and intricate process in the testis by which mature spermatozoa are produced daily to maintain lifelong male fertility.Essential to this process are spermatogonia capable of both ...Spermatogenesis is a highly efficient and intricate process in the testis by which mature spermatozoa are produced daily to maintain lifelong male fertility.Essential to this process are spermatogonia capable of both proliferation and differentiation.Nevertheless,the underlying mechanisms for spermatogonial proliferation and differentiation remain poorly understood.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a category of non-coding small RNAs with regulatory functions by binding to the 3’untranslated region(UTR)of the target mRNA.Previous studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are capable of modulating cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis,but the roles of individual miRNAs in spermatogonial fate determination remain largely elusive.Here,by using a mouse spermatogonial cell line(GC-1),we investigated the role for miRNA-382 in spermatogonial proliferation.We found that pre-miRNA-382 was expressed in spermatogonia.The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated Kmt5a but not Top1 as a target gene of miRNA-382.Overexpression of miRNA-382 by transfecting a miRNA mimic downregulated Kmt5a at both RNA and protein levels,and further reduced the proliferation and viability of spermatogonia.Knockdown of Kmt5a by RNA interference(RNAi)resulted in a uniform phenotype in spermatogonia.We therefore conclude that miRNA-382 inhibits the proliferation of mouse spermatogonia by targeting Kmt5a.Our finding extends the knowledge about the regulatory roles of miRNAs in spermatogonia and lays the groundwork for diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.展开更多
Pollen is the male gametophyte of seed plants and its tube growth is essential for successful fertilization.Mounting evidence has demonstrated that actin organization and regulation plays a central role in the process...Pollen is the male gametophyte of seed plants and its tube growth is essential for successful fertilization.Mounting evidence has demonstrated that actin organization and regulation plays a central role in the process of its germination and polarized growth.The native structures and dynamics of actin are subtly modulated by many factors among which numerous actin binding proteins(ABPs)are the most direct and significant regulators.Upstream signals such as Ca^(2+),PIP_(2)(phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bis-phosphate)and GTPases can also indirectly act on actin organization through several ABPs.Under such elaborate regulation,actin structures show dynamically continuous modulation to adapt to the in vivo biologic functions to mediate secretory vesicle transportation and fusion,which lead to normal growth of the pollen tube.Many encouraging progress has been made in the connection between actin regulation and pollen tube growth in recent years.In this review,we summarize different factors that affect actin organization in pollen tube growth and highlight relative research progress.展开更多
Inorganic phosphate(Pi)is the sole source of phosphorus for plants.It is estimated that Pi is a limiting factor for crop growth and yield in one-third of cultivated soils worldwide.Problems of Pi nutrition may be expl...Inorganic phosphate(Pi)is the sole source of phosphorus for plants.It is estimated that Pi is a limiting factor for crop growth and yield in one-third of cultivated soils worldwide.Problems of Pi nutrition may be explained by different factors.First of all,Pi has very low mobility in soils leading to the retrieval of the majority of the Pi fertilizers applied to be recovered by microorganisms at the expense of the crops.Secondly,it forms insoluble complexes with clays or many soil cations reducing its bioavailability.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/,Grant No.31572401)to W.Z.,the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi ProvinceChina(http://kjt.shaanxi.gov.cn/,Grant No.2019JQ-430)+2 种基金Young Talent fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(http://www.snast.org.cn/,Grant No.20180204)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(http://jj.chinapostdoctor.org.cn/website/index.html,Grant No.2018M641032)a startup fund from Northwest A&F University(https://www.nwafu.edu.cn/,Grant No.2452018037)to Y.Z.Conflicts of Interest:The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
文摘Spermatogenesis is a highly efficient and intricate process in the testis by which mature spermatozoa are produced daily to maintain lifelong male fertility.Essential to this process are spermatogonia capable of both proliferation and differentiation.Nevertheless,the underlying mechanisms for spermatogonial proliferation and differentiation remain poorly understood.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a category of non-coding small RNAs with regulatory functions by binding to the 3’untranslated region(UTR)of the target mRNA.Previous studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are capable of modulating cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis,but the roles of individual miRNAs in spermatogonial fate determination remain largely elusive.Here,by using a mouse spermatogonial cell line(GC-1),we investigated the role for miRNA-382 in spermatogonial proliferation.We found that pre-miRNA-382 was expressed in spermatogonia.The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated Kmt5a but not Top1 as a target gene of miRNA-382.Overexpression of miRNA-382 by transfecting a miRNA mimic downregulated Kmt5a at both RNA and protein levels,and further reduced the proliferation and viability of spermatogonia.Knockdown of Kmt5a by RNA interference(RNAi)resulted in a uniform phenotype in spermatogonia.We therefore conclude that miRNA-382 inhibits the proliferation of mouse spermatogonia by targeting Kmt5a.Our finding extends the knowledge about the regulatory roles of miRNAs in spermatogonia and lays the groundwork for diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30970174,30325005,30870211)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2007CB108700)to HR.
文摘Pollen is the male gametophyte of seed plants and its tube growth is essential for successful fertilization.Mounting evidence has demonstrated that actin organization and regulation plays a central role in the process of its germination and polarized growth.The native structures and dynamics of actin are subtly modulated by many factors among which numerous actin binding proteins(ABPs)are the most direct and significant regulators.Upstream signals such as Ca^(2+),PIP_(2)(phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bis-phosphate)and GTPases can also indirectly act on actin organization through several ABPs.Under such elaborate regulation,actin structures show dynamically continuous modulation to adapt to the in vivo biologic functions to mediate secretory vesicle transportation and fusion,which lead to normal growth of the pollen tube.Many encouraging progress has been made in the connection between actin regulation and pollen tube growth in recent years.In this review,we summarize different factors that affect actin organization in pollen tube growth and highlight relative research progress.
文摘Inorganic phosphate(Pi)is the sole source of phosphorus for plants.It is estimated that Pi is a limiting factor for crop growth and yield in one-third of cultivated soils worldwide.Problems of Pi nutrition may be explained by different factors.First of all,Pi has very low mobility in soils leading to the retrieval of the majority of the Pi fertilizers applied to be recovered by microorganisms at the expense of the crops.Secondly,it forms insoluble complexes with clays or many soil cations reducing its bioavailability.
