Prelithiation strategies for silicon-based anode in high energy density lithium-ion battery

Green energy storage devices play vital roles in reducing fossil fuel emissions and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.Growing markets for portable electronics and electric vehicles create tremendous demand for advanced lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with high power and energy density,and novel electrode material with high capacity and energy density is one of the keys to next-generation LIBs.Silicon-based materials,with high specific capacity,abundant natural resources,high-level safety and environmental friendliness,are quite promising alternative anode materials.However,significant volume expansion and redundant side reactions with electrolytes lead to active lithium loss and decreased coulombic efficiency(CE)of silicon-based material,which hinders the commercial application of silicon-based anode.Prelithiation,preembedding extra lithium ions in the electrodes,is a promising approach to replenish the lithium loss during cycling.Recent progress on prelithiation strategies for silicon-based anode,including electrochemical method,chemical method,direct contact method,and active material method,and their practical potentials are reviewed and prospected here.The development of advanced Si-based material and prelithiation technologies is expected to provide promising approaches for the large-scale application of silicon-based materials.

Challenges and prospects of lithium-CO_(2) batteries

The key role played by carbon dioxide in global temperature cycles has stimulated constant research attention on carbon capture and storage.Among the various options,lithium-carbon dioxide batteries are intriguing,not only for the transformation of waste carbon dioxide to value-added products,but also for the storage of electricity from renewable power resources and balancing the carbon cycle.The development of this system is still in its early stages and faces tremendous hurdles caused by the introduction of carbon dioxide.In this review,detailed discussion on the critical problems faced by the electrode,the interface,and the electrolyte is provided,along with the rational strategies required to address these problematic issues for efficient carbon dioxide fixation and conversion.We hope that this review will provide a resource for a comprehensive understanding of lithium-carbon dioxide batteries and will serve as guidance for exploring reversible and rechargeable alkali metal-based carbon dioxide battery systems in the future.