针对离体兔眼(IRE)试验只适用于筛选严重眼刺激性(UN GHS第1类)的缺陷,建立IRE试验结合基于细胞活性生物标记物的荧光染色方法用于评价化妆品眼刺激性。通过IRE试验条件的探索,包括测试浓度和后暴露时间,对市售化妆品进行眼刺激性检测,...针对离体兔眼(IRE)试验只适用于筛选严重眼刺激性(UN GHS第1类)的缺陷,建立IRE试验结合基于细胞活性生物标记物的荧光染色方法用于评价化妆品眼刺激性。通过IRE试验条件的探索,包括测试浓度和后暴露时间,对市售化妆品进行眼刺激性检测,同时对角膜进行冰冻切片并染色,鬼笔环肽对丝状肌动蛋白进行染色,DAPI染色胞核后,测量损伤深度(depth of injury,DOI),并比较体外DOI、体内DOI及Draize试验结果,建立预测模型。结果显示通过DOI检测,可对化妆品无刺激性至中刺激性进行检测,表明在离体兔眼中,基于细胞活力的DOI测量可作为角膜损伤的生物标志物,适用于化妆品眼刺激性的评价。展开更多
BACKGROUND:In clinical practice,some patients might not be able or unwilling to provide a thorough history of medication and poison exposure.The aim of this study was to use toxicological analysis to examine the clini...BACKGROUND:In clinical practice,some patients might not be able or unwilling to provide a thorough history of medication and poison exposure.The aim of this study was to use toxicological analysis to examine the clinical characteristics of patients with acute poisoning whose exposure history was uncertain from a toxicological analysis perspective.METHODS:This was a retrospective and descriptive study from an institute of poisoning.Patient registration information and test reports spanning the period from April 1,2020 to March 31,2022,were obtained.Patients with uncertain exposure histories and who underwent toxicological analysis were included.Clinical manifestations and categories of toxics were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 195 patients with positive toxicological analysis results,the main causes of uncertain exposure history was disturbance of consciousness(62.6%),unawareness(23.6%)and unwillingness or lack of cooperation(13.8%).The predominant clinical manifestations were disturbed consciousness(62.6%),followed by vomiting and nausea(14.4%)and liver function abnormalities(8.7%).A comparison of clinical manifestations between patients with positive and negative(n=99)toxicological analyses results revealed significantly different proportions of disturbances in consciousness(63%vs.21%),dizziness(1.5%vs.5.1%),multi-organ failure(1.5%vs.7.1%),and local pain(0 vs 4%).The main categories of substances involved were psychiatric medications(23.1%),sedatives(20.5%),insecticides(13.8%),and herbicides(12.8%).CONCLUSION:The clinical manifestations of acute poisoning in patients with an uncertain exposure history are diverse and nonspecific,and toxicological analysis plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of such patients.展开更多
Glutamine synthetase type I(GSI)-like proteins are proposed to mediate nitrogen signaling and developmental fate by synthesizing yet unidentified metabolites.Theanine,the most abundant non-proteinogenic amino acid in ...Glutamine synthetase type I(GSI)-like proteins are proposed to mediate nitrogen signaling and developmental fate by synthesizing yet unidentified metabolites.Theanine,the most abundant non-proteinogenic amino acid in tea plants,is the first identified metabolite synthesized by a GSI-like protein(CsTSI)in a living system.However,the roles of theanine in nitrogen signaling and development are little understood.In this study we found that nitrogen deficiency significantly reduced theanine accumulation and increased lateral root development in tea plant seedlings.Exogenous theanine feeding significantly repressed lateral root development of seedlings of tea plants and the model plant Arabidopsis.The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the roots under theanine feeding were enriched in the apoplastic pathway and H2O_(2) metabolism.Consistently,theanine feeding reduced H2O_(2) levels in the roots.Importantly,when co-treated with H2O_(2),theanine abolished the promoting effect of H2O_(2) on lateral root development in both tea plant and Arabidopsis seedlings.The results of histochemical assays confirmed that theanine inhibited reactive oxygen species accumulation in the roots.Further transcriptomic analyses suggested the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in H2O_(2) generation and scavenging was down-and upregulated by theanine,respectively.Moreover,the expression of genes involved in auxin metabolism and signaling,cell division,and cell expansion was also regulated by theanine.Collectively,these results suggested that CsTSI-synthesized theanine is likely involved in the regulation of lateral root development,via modulating H2O_(2) accumulation,in response to nitrogen levels in tea plants.This study also implied that the module consisting of GSI-like protein and theanine-like metabolite is probably conserved in regulating development in response to nitrogen status in plant species.展开更多
The lung is one of the primary target organs of hydrogen sulfide(H2S),as exposure to H2S can cause acute lung injury(ALI)and pulmonary edema.Dexamethasone(Dex)exerts a protective effect on ALI caused by exposure to to...The lung is one of the primary target organs of hydrogen sulfide(H2S),as exposure to H2S can cause acute lung injury(ALI)and pulmonary edema.Dexamethasone(Dex)exerts a protective effect on ALI caused by exposure to toxic gases and is commonly used in the clinic;however,the underlying mechanisms remain elusive,and the dose is unclear.Methods:In vivo experiments:divided C57BL6 mice into 6 groups at random,12 in each group.The mice were exposed to H2S for 3 h and 5 or 50 mg/kg Dex pretreated before exposure,sacrificed 12 h later.The morphological changes of HE staining and the ultrastructural changes of lungs under transmission electron microscopy were evaluated.The wet/dry ratio of lung tissue was measured.Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)protein content and lung permeability index were detected.The expression of AQP5 protein was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot(WB).In vitro experiments:divided human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 into 4 groups.1μmol/L dexamethasone was added to pre-incubation.The WB analyzed the protein of p-ERK1/2,p-JNK,and p-p38 in MAPK pathway after 1 h of NaHS exposure;six hours after NaHS exposure,the AQP5 protein was measured by WB.Results:Dex treatment could significantly attenuate the H2S-induced destruction to the alveolar wall,increase the wet-to-dry weight ratio and decrease pulmonary permeability index,with high-dose dexamethasone seemingly functioning better.Additionally,our previous studies showed that aquaporin 5(AQP 5),a critical protein that regulates water flux,decreased both in a mouse and cell model following the exposure to H2S.This study indicates that tThe decrease in AQP 5 can be alleviated by Dex treatment.Additionally,the mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway may be involved in the protective effects of Dex in ALI caused by exposure to H2S since H2Sinduced MAPK activation could be inhibited by Dex.Conclusion:The present results indicate that AQP 5 may be considered a therapeutic target for Dex in H2S or other hazardous gases-induced ALI.展开更多
Variants of the arachidonate 5-1ipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) gene have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke. This study was aimed to explore...Variants of the arachidonate 5-1ipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) gene have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke. This study was aimed to explore the association of ALOX5AP variants with ischemic stroke risk in Han Chinese of eastern China. A total of 690 ischemic stroke cases and 767 controls were recruited. The subjects were further subtyped according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. On the basis of that, two polymorphisms of the ALOX5AP gene (rs10507391 and rs12429692) were determined by TaqMan genotyping assay. In addition, plasma leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels were analyzed in these subjects. There was no evidence of association between the two variants of ALOX5AP and the risk of ischemic stroke or its TOAST-subtypes. Haplotype analysis and stratification analysis according to sex, age, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes also showed negative association. Analysis of LTB4 levels in a subset of cases and controls revealed that LTB4 levels were significantly higher in ischemic stroke cases than in the controls (70.06± 14.75 ng/L vs 57.34±10.93 ng/L; P = 0.000) and carriers of the T allele of the rs10507391 variant were associated with higher plasma LTB4 levels (P = 0.000). The present study suggests there is no association of the two polymorphisms in the ALOX5AP gene with ischemic stroke risk in Han Chinese of eastern China.展开更多
Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity(Js) was investigated at five depth...Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity(Js) was investigated at five depths of the xylem(1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 cm under the cambium) in three mature Xinjiang poplar(Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis) trees grown at the Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem from May to October 2011. Thermal dissipation probes of various lengths manufactured according to the Granier's design were installed into each tree for simultaneous observation of the radial patterns of Js through the xylem. The radial patterns were found to fit the four-parameter GaussAmp equation. The peak Js was about 27.02±0.95 kg/(dm2?d) at approximately 3 to 5 cm deep from the cambium of the three trees,and the lowest Js appeared at 1 cm deep in most of the time. Approximately 50% of the total sap flow in Xinjiang poplar occurred within one-third of the xylem from its outer radius, whereas 90% of the total sap flow occurred within two-fifth of the xylem. In addition, the innermost point of the xylem(at 8-cm depth), which appeared as the penultimate sap flow in most cases during the study period, was hydro-active with Js,8 of 7.55±3.83 kg/(dm2?d). The radial pattern of Js was found to be steeper in midday than in other time of the day, and steeper diurnal fluctuations were recorded in June, July and August(the mid-growing season). Maximum differences between the lowest Js(Js,1 or Js,8) and the highest Js(Js,3 or Js,5) from May through October were 12.41, 17.35, 16.30, 18.52, 12.60 and 16.04 g/(cm2?h), respectively. The time-dependent changes of Js along the radial profile(except at 1-cm depth) were strongly related to the reference evapotranspiration(ET0). Due to significant radial variability of Js, the mean daily sap flow at the whole-tree level could be over-estimated by up to 29.69% when only a single probe at depth of 2 cm was used. However, the accuracy of the estimation of sap flow in Xinjiang poplar could be significantly improved using a correction coefficient of 0.885.展开更多
Biologically active carbon (BAC) system was set up in a water plant of South China during January to December 2007,to study the invertebrate community characteristics of BAC filter.Thirty-seven invertebrate species ...Biologically active carbon (BAC) system was set up in a water plant of South China during January to December 2007,to study the invertebrate community characteristics of BAC filter.Thirty-seven invertebrate species were found,of which 28 belonging to rotifers.Filter operation could lead to an output of invertebrates in high abundances with the filtrate,and the maximum density could reach 5608 individuals/m 3.Average abundances in the effluent water increased in 27-33 folds in comparison to the influent water during the sampling period.Invertebrate community succession had the following trend:filter-feeding animals → small benthic invertebrates → large benthic and resistant invertebrates.Abundances of large-sized invertebrates (copepod adult and oligochaete) at bigger-media column were significantly higher than that at small-media column.The results implied the abundant species diversity of invertebrate in BAC filter.The relationship between invertebrate and biofilm still remain to be studied in detail.展开更多
Partitioning soil respiration into three components is vital to identify CO_2 sink or source and can help us better understand soil carbon dynamics. However, knowledge about the influences of soil depth and the primin...Partitioning soil respiration into three components is vital to identify CO_2 sink or source and can help us better understand soil carbon dynamics. However, knowledge about the influences of soil depth and the priming effect on soil respiration components under field has been limited. Three components of soil respiration(root respiration, rhizomicrobial respiration and basal respiration) in a plantation in the hilly area of the North China were separated by the 13 C natural abundance method. The results showed that the average proportions of rhizomicrobial respiration, root respiration and basal respiration at the 25-65 cm depths were about 14, 23 and 63 %, respectively. Three components of soil respiration varied with soil depth, and root respiration was the main component of soil respiration in deeper soil. The priming effect was obvious for the deep soil respiration, especially at the 40-50 cm depth. Thus, depth and priming effect should be taken into account to increase the accuracy of estimations of soil carbon flux.展开更多
Roasting is a common manufacture technology for processing various teas.It is not only used in decreasing the water content of finished tea,but also improving the flavor of teas.In the present study,the roasted and no...Roasting is a common manufacture technology for processing various teas.It is not only used in decreasing the water content of finished tea,but also improving the flavor of teas.In the present study,the roasted and non-roasted teas were compared by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry and sensory evaluation.The roasted tea tasted less bitter and astringent.The content of main galloylated and simple catechins,caffeine and theobromine in roasted were significantly lower than non-roasted teas.Targeted taste-compounds metabolomics revealed that(-)-epigallocatechin gallate,kaempferol-glucose-rhamnose-glucose and(-)-epicatechin gallate were main contributors tightly correlated to astringent intensity.Flavonol glycosides including kaempferol-glucose,quercetin-glucose,kaempferol-glucose-rhamnose-glucose,and quercetin-glucose-rhamnose-glucose in roasted teas were also significantly less than non-roasted teas.To study the chemical changes during roasting,tea with a strong astringency was roasted under 80,100,120,140,and 160°C.With the increase of roasting temperature,the bitter and astringent intensity of tea was gradually decreased,but the main astringent compounds including(-)-epigallocatechin,(-)-epigallocatechin gallate and kaempferol/quercetin glycosides were irregularly varied with temperature.The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis suggested procyanidin B2,coumaroylquinic acids and gallotannins were tightly correlated to the astringent and bitter perceptions,while N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidonesubstituted flavan-3-ols were negatively correlated.展开更多
Silicalite-1(S1)foam was functionalized by supporting manganese-cobalt(Mn-Co)mixed oxides to develop the structured hierarchical catalyst(Mn-Co@SlF)for catalytic combustion for the first time.The self-supporting S1 fo...Silicalite-1(S1)foam was functionalized by supporting manganese-cobalt(Mn-Co)mixed oxides to develop the structured hierarchical catalyst(Mn-Co@SlF)for catalytic combustion for the first time.The self-supporting S1 foam with hierarchical porosity was prepared via hydrothermal synthesis with polyurethane(PU)foam as the template.Subsequently,Mn-Co oxide nano sheets were uniformly grown on the surface of S1 foams under hydrothermal conditions to prepare the structured hierarchical catalyst with specific surface area of 354 m^2·g^-1,micropore volume of 0.141 cm^3·g^-1 and total pore volume of 0.217 cm3·g^-1,as well as a good capacity to adsorb toluene(1.7 mmol·g^-1 at p/p0=0.99).Comparative catalytic combustion of toluene of over developed structured catalyst Mn-Co@SlF was performed against the control catalysts of bulk Mn-Co@S1(i.e.,the crushed Mn-Co@SlF)and unsupported Mn-Co oxides(i.e.,Mn-Co).Mn-Co@SlF exhibited comparatively the best catalytic performance,that is,complete and stable toluene conversion at 2480 C over 65 h due to the synergy between Mn-Co oxides and S1 foam,which provided a large number of oxygen vacancies,high redox capacity.In addition,the hierarchical porous structure also improved the accessibility of active sites and facilitated the global mass transfer across the catalyst bed,being beneficial to the catalysis and catalyst longevity.展开更多
Larger-leaf yellow tea(LYT)is a characteristic type of Chinese tea produced in Huoshan County,Anhui Province,which is made by mature leaves with stems.According to recent report,LYT showed competitive effects in anti-...Larger-leaf yellow tea(LYT)is a characteristic type of Chinese tea produced in Huoshan County,Anhui Province,which is made by mature leaves with stems.According to recent report,LYT showed competitive effects in anti-hyperglycemia in comparison to other teas such as green or black tea.However,the bioactive compounds of LYT are still undiscovered so far.For this purpose,5 fractions of LYT were prepared by sequential extraction.The in vitro bioassay results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of LYT had the strongest inhibitory effects onα-glucosidase andα-amylase.Fluorescence-quenching analysis and proteinbinding test revealed that the compounds of ethyl acetate fraction could inhibitα-glucosidase andα-amylase activities through binding to enzymes or other mechanisms.All chromatographic peaks of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)of ethyl acetate fraction were separated and collected.The purified compounds were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently screened by calculating their inhibition ratio onα-glucosidase at the real concentration in LYT infusion.The results showed that(-)-epigallocatechin gallate,(-)-gallocatechin gallate,caffeine,N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone-substituted flavan-3-ols were effective inhibitors forα-glucosidase.展开更多
Plantations of woody tree species play a crucial role in ecological security along coastal zones.Understanding energy partitioning and evapotranspiration can reveal land–atmosphere interaction processes.We investigat...Plantations of woody tree species play a crucial role in ecological security along coastal zones.Understanding energy partitioning and evapotranspiration can reveal land–atmosphere interaction processes.We investigated energy fluxes,evapotranspiration,and their related biophysical factors using eddy covariance techniques in a black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)plantation in 2016,2018,and 2019 on the Yellow River Delta.Downward longwave radiation offsets 84–85%of upward longwave radiation;upward shortwave radiation accounted for 12–13%of downward shortwave radiation.The ratio of net radiation to downward radiation was 18–19%over the three years.During the growing season,latent heat flux was the largest component of net radiation;during the dormant season,the sensible heat flux was the dominant component of net radiation.The seasonal variation in daily evapotranspiration was mainly controlled by net radiation,air temperature,vapor pressure deficit,and leaf area index.Black locust phenology influenced daily evapotranspiration variations,and evapotranspiration was greater under sea winds than under land winds because soil water content at 10-cm depth was greater under sea winds during the day.Seasonal patterns of daily evaporative fraction,Bowen ratio,crop coefficient,Priestley–Taylor coefficient,surface conductance,and decoupling coefficient were mainly controlled by leaf area index.The threshold value of daily surface conductance was approximately 8 mm sover the plantation.展开更多
Herein,we present a simple strategy for preparing monolithic sodalite adsorbents via sequential additive manufacturing and post-treatments.In detail,the method includes(i)3D printing of cylindrical monoliths using cla...Herein,we present a simple strategy for preparing monolithic sodalite adsorbents via sequential additive manufacturing and post-treatments.In detail,the method includes(i)3D printing of cylindrical monoliths using clay as the base material;(ii)thermal activation of the 3D-printed clay monoliths by calcination(to produce reactive alumina and silica species and enable mechanical stabilization);(iii)conversion of the activated clay monoliths to hierarchical porous sodalite monoliths via hydrothermal alkaline treatment.Parametric studies on the effect of calcination temperature,alkaline concentration and hydrothermal treatment time on the property of the resulting materials(such as phase composition and morphology)at different stages of preparation was conducted.Under the optimal conditions(i.e.,calcination temperature of 850℃,NaOH concentration of 3.3 mol·L^(-1),reaction temperature of 150℃,and reaction time of 6 h),a high-quality pure sodalite monolith was obtained,which possesses a relatively high BET surface area(58 m^(2)·g^(-1))and hierarchically micro-meso-macroporous structure.In the proposed application of continuous removal of heavy metals(chromium ion as the model)from wastewater,the developed 3D-printed sodalite monolith showed excellent Cr^(3+)removal performance and fast kinetics(~98%removal efficiency within 25 cycles),which outperformed the packed bed using sodalite pellets(made by extrusion).展开更多
More than 20 soil samples were collected from tea gardens of specialized tea towns in Guangdong,including Fenglang Town and Fengshun Town in Meizhou City,Changshan Town in Lianjiang City,Fenghuang Town in Chaozhou Cit...More than 20 soil samples were collected from tea gardens of specialized tea towns in Guangdong,including Fenglang Town and Fengshun Town in Meizhou City,Changshan Town in Lianjiang City,Fenghuang Town in Chaozhou City.Content of 6 types of heavy metal (Cr,Cu,Pb,As,Cd,Hg) in tea garden soil was measured.On the basis of these,the safety was assessed.Results show that the comprehensive pollution index of these 6 types of heavy metal is lower than 0.7.According to Soil Pollution Grading Standard formulated by China Green Food Development Center,the soil is not polluted by heavy metal and remains at safety level.It proves that overall soil condition of specialized tea gardens in Guangdong Province is not polluted by heavy metal.展开更多
In this study, in situ investigation was conducted on Chinese chastetree(Vitex negundo var. heterophylla)and spine jujube(Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa) during early, developed, and closing succession stages. Monthly d...In this study, in situ investigation was conducted on Chinese chastetree(Vitex negundo var. heterophylla)and spine jujube(Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa) during early, developed, and closing succession stages. Monthly data were recorded for foliar δ^(13)C values and foliar N, P,and K concentrations from May to October. Foliar δ^(13)C values declined with time and differences by succession stage varied by species. Older spine jujube displayed higher foliar N concentration while foliar P concentration was inversely related with N. Chinese chastetree had lower foliar K concentration than spine jujube. Foliar C/N ratio declined during the dry season and increased in the wet season. Foliar N/P ratio increased during the dry season and declined to its initial level until October, when it increased again. Foliar δ^(13)C value was positively correlated with foliar N concentration. Foliar P and K concentrations were positively correlated to each other. In conclusion, the two shrubs had contrasting strategies of water use efficiency during their succession, but water use efficiency of both species was promoted by N availability and limited by P availability.展开更多
Recently,there has been considerable interest in the use of microchannel reactors for hydrometallurgy of rare earths(REs).Here,a novel integrated microchannel reactor based on the hollow-strut SiC foam material is pre...Recently,there has been considerable interest in the use of microchannel reactors for hydrometallurgy of rare earths(REs).Here,a novel integrated microchannel reactor based on the hollow-strut SiC foam material is presented and demonstrated to extract Ce^(3+)and Pr^(3+)using 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(P507)as the extractant.The typical three-dimensional reticulated structure of the hollow-strut SiC foam was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro computed tomography.Since the reactor’s structure plays a key role in fluid mixing and mass diffusion during the extraction process,the structure-performance relationship of the foam was studied by extraction experiments combined with numerical simulations.Using the foam with the optimal structure,the influence of the flow rate Q_(0) of the two liquid phases on the extraction efficiency η and overall volume mass transfer coefficient KLa was discussed.For both RE ions,with increasing Q_(0),η decreases while KLa increases.For the total flow rate of the two phases of 4 ml·min^(-1),the η values of Pr^(3+)and Ce^(3+)reached 98.7%and 97.0%,respectively.For the total flow rate of 36 ml·min^(-1) which was much higher than that of many other microchannel reactors reported in the literatures,the η values of Pr^(3+)and Ce^(3+)still reached 92.2%and 86.9%,respectively,and the KLa values of Pr^(3+)and Ce^(3+)were 0.198 and 0.161 s^(-1),respectively,similar to the high values reported for other microchannel reactors studied in previous work.These findings indicate that the hollow-strut SiC foam microchannel reactor is suitable for use in REs extraction.展开更多
Raymond Williams is one of the representative figures of British cultural Marxism and British cultural research.His cultural research,especially mass culture research,focuses on literary criticism.Among them,drama cri...Raymond Williams is one of the representative figures of British cultural Marxism and British cultural research.His cultural research,especially mass culture research,focuses on literary criticism.Among them,drama criticism is one of Williams'most important forms of cultural criticism methodology.Williams'drama criticism is based on drama history criticism.Through the historical analysis of drama content and form as well as the synchronic analysis of modem drama in different historical periods,including the ongoing drama history,Williams proposed the notion of"structures of feeling"The emergence of this concept opened up the social critical dimension of Williams'drama criticism.Drama criticism has become a window for examining,analyzing,and grasping the current social emotional structure or social culture.Furthermore,by implanting tragic plots in the drama,a potential practical strategy of social and cultural revolution can be realized.展开更多
Tocopherols(vitamin E)play essential roles in human health because of their antioxidant activity,and plantderived oils are the richest sources of tocopherols in the human diet.Although soybean(Glycinemax)is one of the...Tocopherols(vitamin E)play essential roles in human health because of their antioxidant activity,and plantderived oils are the richest sources of tocopherols in the human diet.Although soybean(Glycinemax)is one of themain sources of plant-derived oil and tocopherol in the world,the relationship between tocopherol and oil in soybean seeds remains unclear.Here,we focus on dissecting tocopherol metabolism with the longterm goal of increasing a-tocopherol content and soybean oil quality.We first collected tocopherol and fatty acid profiles in a soybean population(>800 soybean accessions)and found that tocopherol content increased during soybean domestication.A strong positive correlation between tocopherol and oil content was also detected.Five tocopherol pathway–related lociwere identified using a metabolite genome-wide association study strategy.Genetic variations in three tocopherol pathway genes were responsible for total tocopherol content and composition in the soybean population through effects on enzyme activity,mainly caused by non-conserved amino acid substitution or changes in gene transcription level.Moreover,the fatty acid regulatory transcription factor GmZF351 directly activated tocopherol pathway gene expression,increasing both fatty acid and tocopherol contents in soybean seeds.Our study reveals the functional differentiation of tocopherol pathway genes in soybean populations and provides a framework for development of new soybean varieties with high a-tocopherol content and oil quality in seeds.展开更多
文摘针对离体兔眼(IRE)试验只适用于筛选严重眼刺激性(UN GHS第1类)的缺陷,建立IRE试验结合基于细胞活性生物标记物的荧光染色方法用于评价化妆品眼刺激性。通过IRE试验条件的探索,包括测试浓度和后暴露时间,对市售化妆品进行眼刺激性检测,同时对角膜进行冰冻切片并染色,鬼笔环肽对丝状肌动蛋白进行染色,DAPI染色胞核后,测量损伤深度(depth of injury,DOI),并比较体外DOI、体内DOI及Draize试验结果,建立预测模型。结果显示通过DOI检测,可对化妆品无刺激性至中刺激性进行检测,表明在离体兔眼中,基于细胞活力的DOI测量可作为角膜损伤的生物标志物,适用于化妆品眼刺激性的评价。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172184)。
文摘BACKGROUND:In clinical practice,some patients might not be able or unwilling to provide a thorough history of medication and poison exposure.The aim of this study was to use toxicological analysis to examine the clinical characteristics of patients with acute poisoning whose exposure history was uncertain from a toxicological analysis perspective.METHODS:This was a retrospective and descriptive study from an institute of poisoning.Patient registration information and test reports spanning the period from April 1,2020 to March 31,2022,were obtained.Patients with uncertain exposure histories and who underwent toxicological analysis were included.Clinical manifestations and categories of toxics were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 195 patients with positive toxicological analysis results,the main causes of uncertain exposure history was disturbance of consciousness(62.6%),unawareness(23.6%)and unwillingness or lack of cooperation(13.8%).The predominant clinical manifestations were disturbed consciousness(62.6%),followed by vomiting and nausea(14.4%)and liver function abnormalities(8.7%).A comparison of clinical manifestations between patients with positive and negative(n=99)toxicological analyses results revealed significantly different proportions of disturbances in consciousness(63%vs.21%),dizziness(1.5%vs.5.1%),multi-organ failure(1.5%vs.7.1%),and local pain(0 vs 4%).The main categories of substances involved were psychiatric medications(23.1%),sedatives(20.5%),insecticides(13.8%),and herbicides(12.8%).CONCLUSION:The clinical manifestations of acute poisoning in patients with an uncertain exposure history are diverse and nonspecific,and toxicological analysis plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of such patients.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1601101,2018YFD1000601)grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072624)the Base of Introducing Talents for Tea Plant Biology and Quality Chemistry(D20026).
文摘Glutamine synthetase type I(GSI)-like proteins are proposed to mediate nitrogen signaling and developmental fate by synthesizing yet unidentified metabolites.Theanine,the most abundant non-proteinogenic amino acid in tea plants,is the first identified metabolite synthesized by a GSI-like protein(CsTSI)in a living system.However,the roles of theanine in nitrogen signaling and development are little understood.In this study we found that nitrogen deficiency significantly reduced theanine accumulation and increased lateral root development in tea plant seedlings.Exogenous theanine feeding significantly repressed lateral root development of seedlings of tea plants and the model plant Arabidopsis.The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the roots under theanine feeding were enriched in the apoplastic pathway and H2O_(2) metabolism.Consistently,theanine feeding reduced H2O_(2) levels in the roots.Importantly,when co-treated with H2O_(2),theanine abolished the promoting effect of H2O_(2) on lateral root development in both tea plant and Arabidopsis seedlings.The results of histochemical assays confirmed that theanine inhibited reactive oxygen species accumulation in the roots.Further transcriptomic analyses suggested the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in H2O_(2) generation and scavenging was down-and upregulated by theanine,respectively.Moreover,the expression of genes involved in auxin metabolism and signaling,cell division,and cell expansion was also regulated by theanine.Collectively,these results suggested that CsTSI-synthesized theanine is likely involved in the regulation of lateral root development,via modulating H2O_(2) accumulation,in response to nitrogen levels in tea plants.This study also implied that the module consisting of GSI-like protein and theanine-like metabolite is probably conserved in regulating development in response to nitrogen status in plant species.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BL2014088)the Program of Changshu Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.CS201813)+1 种基金Suzhou Medical and Health Science and Technology Innovation Project(Grant No.SKJY2021007)Suzhou Gusu Health Talent Project(Grant No.GSWS2022101).
文摘The lung is one of the primary target organs of hydrogen sulfide(H2S),as exposure to H2S can cause acute lung injury(ALI)and pulmonary edema.Dexamethasone(Dex)exerts a protective effect on ALI caused by exposure to toxic gases and is commonly used in the clinic;however,the underlying mechanisms remain elusive,and the dose is unclear.Methods:In vivo experiments:divided C57BL6 mice into 6 groups at random,12 in each group.The mice were exposed to H2S for 3 h and 5 or 50 mg/kg Dex pretreated before exposure,sacrificed 12 h later.The morphological changes of HE staining and the ultrastructural changes of lungs under transmission electron microscopy were evaluated.The wet/dry ratio of lung tissue was measured.Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)protein content and lung permeability index were detected.The expression of AQP5 protein was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot(WB).In vitro experiments:divided human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 into 4 groups.1μmol/L dexamethasone was added to pre-incubation.The WB analyzed the protein of p-ERK1/2,p-JNK,and p-p38 in MAPK pathway after 1 h of NaHS exposure;six hours after NaHS exposure,the AQP5 protein was measured by WB.Results:Dex treatment could significantly attenuate the H2S-induced destruction to the alveolar wall,increase the wet-to-dry weight ratio and decrease pulmonary permeability index,with high-dose dexamethasone seemingly functioning better.Additionally,our previous studies showed that aquaporin 5(AQP 5),a critical protein that regulates water flux,decreased both in a mouse and cell model following the exposure to H2S.This study indicates that tThe decrease in AQP 5 can be alleviated by Dex treatment.Additionally,the mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway may be involved in the protective effects of Dex in ALI caused by exposure to H2S since H2Sinduced MAPK activation could be inhibited by Dex.Conclusion:The present results indicate that AQP 5 may be considered a therapeutic target for Dex in H2S or other hazardous gases-induced ALI.
基金supported by a grant from the Health Bureau of Jiangsu Province (No. H201005)
文摘Variants of the arachidonate 5-1ipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) gene have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke. This study was aimed to explore the association of ALOX5AP variants with ischemic stroke risk in Han Chinese of eastern China. A total of 690 ischemic stroke cases and 767 controls were recruited. The subjects were further subtyped according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. On the basis of that, two polymorphisms of the ALOX5AP gene (rs10507391 and rs12429692) were determined by TaqMan genotyping assay. In addition, plasma leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels were analyzed in these subjects. There was no evidence of association between the two variants of ALOX5AP and the risk of ischemic stroke or its TOAST-subtypes. Haplotype analysis and stratification analysis according to sex, age, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes also showed negative association. Analysis of LTB4 levels in a subset of cases and controls revealed that LTB4 levels were significantly higher in ischemic stroke cases than in the controls (70.06± 14.75 ng/L vs 57.34±10.93 ng/L; P = 0.000) and carriers of the T allele of the rs10507391 variant were associated with higher plasma LTB4 levels (P = 0.000). The present study suggests there is no association of the two polymorphisms in the ALOX5AP gene with ischemic stroke risk in Han Chinese of eastern China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070628)Field support for this research was provided by Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem
文摘Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity(Js) was investigated at five depths of the xylem(1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 cm under the cambium) in three mature Xinjiang poplar(Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis) trees grown at the Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem from May to October 2011. Thermal dissipation probes of various lengths manufactured according to the Granier's design were installed into each tree for simultaneous observation of the radial patterns of Js through the xylem. The radial patterns were found to fit the four-parameter GaussAmp equation. The peak Js was about 27.02±0.95 kg/(dm2?d) at approximately 3 to 5 cm deep from the cambium of the three trees,and the lowest Js appeared at 1 cm deep in most of the time. Approximately 50% of the total sap flow in Xinjiang poplar occurred within one-third of the xylem from its outer radius, whereas 90% of the total sap flow occurred within two-fifth of the xylem. In addition, the innermost point of the xylem(at 8-cm depth), which appeared as the penultimate sap flow in most cases during the study period, was hydro-active with Js,8 of 7.55±3.83 kg/(dm2?d). The radial pattern of Js was found to be steeper in midday than in other time of the day, and steeper diurnal fluctuations were recorded in June, July and August(the mid-growing season). Maximum differences between the lowest Js(Js,1 or Js,8) and the highest Js(Js,3 or Js,5) from May through October were 12.41, 17.35, 16.30, 18.52, 12.60 and 16.04 g/(cm2?h), respectively. The time-dependent changes of Js along the radial profile(except at 1-cm depth) were strongly related to the reference evapotranspiration(ET0). Due to significant radial variability of Js, the mean daily sap flow at the whole-tree level could be over-estimated by up to 29.69% when only a single probe at depth of 2 cm was used. However, the accuracy of the estimation of sap flow in Xinjiang poplar could be significantly improved using a correction coefficient of 0.885.
基金supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China(No. 2002AA601120)the National Key TechnologyR &D Program:Shanghai China Expo-Tech Project (No.2007BAK27B05)
文摘Biologically active carbon (BAC) system was set up in a water plant of South China during January to December 2007,to study the invertebrate community characteristics of BAC filter.Thirty-seven invertebrate species were found,of which 28 belonging to rotifers.Filter operation could lead to an output of invertebrates in high abundances with the filtrate,and the maximum density could reach 5608 individuals/m 3.Average abundances in the effluent water increased in 27-33 folds in comparison to the influent water during the sampling period.Invertebrate community succession had the following trend:filter-feeding animals → small benthic invertebrates → large benthic and resistant invertebrates.Abundances of large-sized invertebrates (copepod adult and oligochaete) at bigger-media column were significantly higher than that at small-media column.The results implied the abundant species diversity of invertebrate in BAC filter.The relationship between invertebrate and biofilm still remain to be studied in detail.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3157061731100322)+2 种基金Special Public Sector Research(GYHY20110400904)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NO.YX2011-19TD2011-07)
文摘Partitioning soil respiration into three components is vital to identify CO_2 sink or source and can help us better understand soil carbon dynamics. However, knowledge about the influences of soil depth and the priming effect on soil respiration components under field has been limited. Three components of soil respiration(root respiration, rhizomicrobial respiration and basal respiration) in a plantation in the hilly area of the North China were separated by the 13 C natural abundance method. The results showed that the average proportions of rhizomicrobial respiration, root respiration and basal respiration at the 25-65 cm depths were about 14, 23 and 63 %, respectively. Three components of soil respiration varied with soil depth, and root respiration was the main component of soil respiration in deeper soil. The priming effect was obvious for the deep soil respiration, especially at the 40-50 cm depth. Thus, depth and priming effect should be taken into account to increase the accuracy of estimations of soil carbon flux.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(32072633,32072634,31201335)earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-19)+1 种基金Anhui Key research and development plan(1804b06020367,202004b11020004)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by National CAST(2016QNRC001)。
文摘Roasting is a common manufacture technology for processing various teas.It is not only used in decreasing the water content of finished tea,but also improving the flavor of teas.In the present study,the roasted and non-roasted teas were compared by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry and sensory evaluation.The roasted tea tasted less bitter and astringent.The content of main galloylated and simple catechins,caffeine and theobromine in roasted were significantly lower than non-roasted teas.Targeted taste-compounds metabolomics revealed that(-)-epigallocatechin gallate,kaempferol-glucose-rhamnose-glucose and(-)-epicatechin gallate were main contributors tightly correlated to astringent intensity.Flavonol glycosides including kaempferol-glucose,quercetin-glucose,kaempferol-glucose-rhamnose-glucose,and quercetin-glucose-rhamnose-glucose in roasted teas were also significantly less than non-roasted teas.To study the chemical changes during roasting,tea with a strong astringency was roasted under 80,100,120,140,and 160°C.With the increase of roasting temperature,the bitter and astringent intensity of tea was gradually decreased,but the main astringent compounds including(-)-epigallocatechin,(-)-epigallocatechin gallate and kaempferol/quercetin glycosides were irregularly varied with temperature.The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis suggested procyanidin B2,coumaroylquinic acids and gallotannins were tightly correlated to the astringent and bitter perceptions,while N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidonesubstituted flavan-3-ols were negatively correlated.
基金financial support from the Key Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2018010047-301)the Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science for his research(Y8L6641161)+1 种基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0501303)funding from European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No.872102。
文摘Silicalite-1(S1)foam was functionalized by supporting manganese-cobalt(Mn-Co)mixed oxides to develop the structured hierarchical catalyst(Mn-Co@SlF)for catalytic combustion for the first time.The self-supporting S1 foam with hierarchical porosity was prepared via hydrothermal synthesis with polyurethane(PU)foam as the template.Subsequently,Mn-Co oxide nano sheets were uniformly grown on the surface of S1 foams under hydrothermal conditions to prepare the structured hierarchical catalyst with specific surface area of 354 m^2·g^-1,micropore volume of 0.141 cm^3·g^-1 and total pore volume of 0.217 cm3·g^-1,as well as a good capacity to adsorb toluene(1.7 mmol·g^-1 at p/p0=0.99).Comparative catalytic combustion of toluene of over developed structured catalyst Mn-Co@SlF was performed against the control catalysts of bulk Mn-Co@S1(i.e.,the crushed Mn-Co@SlF)and unsupported Mn-Co oxides(i.e.,Mn-Co).Mn-Co@SlF exhibited comparatively the best catalytic performance,that is,complete and stable toluene conversion at 2480 C over 65 h due to the synergy between Mn-Co oxides and S1 foam,which provided a large number of oxygen vacancies,high redox capacity.In addition,the hierarchical porous structure also improved the accessibility of active sites and facilitated the global mass transfer across the catalyst bed,being beneficial to the catalysis and catalyst longevity.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(32072633,32072634,31201335)earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-19)+1 种基金Anhui Key research and development plan(1804b06020367,202004b11020004)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by National CAST(2016QNRC001)。
文摘Larger-leaf yellow tea(LYT)is a characteristic type of Chinese tea produced in Huoshan County,Anhui Province,which is made by mature leaves with stems.According to recent report,LYT showed competitive effects in anti-hyperglycemia in comparison to other teas such as green or black tea.However,the bioactive compounds of LYT are still undiscovered so far.For this purpose,5 fractions of LYT were prepared by sequential extraction.The in vitro bioassay results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of LYT had the strongest inhibitory effects onα-glucosidase andα-amylase.Fluorescence-quenching analysis and proteinbinding test revealed that the compounds of ethyl acetate fraction could inhibitα-glucosidase andα-amylase activities through binding to enzymes or other mechanisms.All chromatographic peaks of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)of ethyl acetate fraction were separated and collected.The purified compounds were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),and subsequently screened by calculating their inhibition ratio onα-glucosidase at the real concentration in LYT infusion.The results showed that(-)-epigallocatechin gallate,(-)-gallocatechin gallate,caffeine,N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone-substituted flavan-3-ols were effective inhibitors forα-glucosidase.
基金supported financially by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Nonprofit Research Institution of CAF(CAFYBB2019SY007,CAFYBB2018ZA001,CAFYBB2020SZ001-3)。
文摘Plantations of woody tree species play a crucial role in ecological security along coastal zones.Understanding energy partitioning and evapotranspiration can reveal land–atmosphere interaction processes.We investigated energy fluxes,evapotranspiration,and their related biophysical factors using eddy covariance techniques in a black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)plantation in 2016,2018,and 2019 on the Yellow River Delta.Downward longwave radiation offsets 84–85%of upward longwave radiation;upward shortwave radiation accounted for 12–13%of downward shortwave radiation.The ratio of net radiation to downward radiation was 18–19%over the three years.During the growing season,latent heat flux was the largest component of net radiation;during the dormant season,the sensible heat flux was the dominant component of net radiation.The seasonal variation in daily evapotranspiration was mainly controlled by net radiation,air temperature,vapor pressure deficit,and leaf area index.Black locust phenology influenced daily evapotranspiration variations,and evapotranspiration was greater under sea winds than under land winds because soil water content at 10-cm depth was greater under sea winds during the day.Seasonal patterns of daily evaporative fraction,Bowen ratio,crop coefficient,Priestley–Taylor coefficient,surface conductance,and decoupling coefficient were mainly controlled by leaf area index.The threshold value of daily surface conductance was approximately 8 mm sover the plantation.
基金the Key Project on Intergovernmental International Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Cooperation/STI Cooperation with Hong Kong, MacaoTaiwan of China’s National Key Research & Development Programme (2019YFE0123200)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078348)funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement (No. 872102)
文摘Herein,we present a simple strategy for preparing monolithic sodalite adsorbents via sequential additive manufacturing and post-treatments.In detail,the method includes(i)3D printing of cylindrical monoliths using clay as the base material;(ii)thermal activation of the 3D-printed clay monoliths by calcination(to produce reactive alumina and silica species and enable mechanical stabilization);(iii)conversion of the activated clay monoliths to hierarchical porous sodalite monoliths via hydrothermal alkaline treatment.Parametric studies on the effect of calcination temperature,alkaline concentration and hydrothermal treatment time on the property of the resulting materials(such as phase composition and morphology)at different stages of preparation was conducted.Under the optimal conditions(i.e.,calcination temperature of 850℃,NaOH concentration of 3.3 mol·L^(-1),reaction temperature of 150℃,and reaction time of 6 h),a high-quality pure sodalite monolith was obtained,which possesses a relatively high BET surface area(58 m^(2)·g^(-1))and hierarchically micro-meso-macroporous structure.In the proposed application of continuous removal of heavy metals(chromium ion as the model)from wastewater,the developed 3D-printed sodalite monolith showed excellent Cr^(3+)removal performance and fast kinetics(~98%removal efficiency within 25 cycles),which outperformed the packed bed using sodalite pellets(made by extrusion).
基金Supported by Construction Project for Model and Extension Service System of Tea Quality Safety in Guangdong Province(2010A040207005)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2011B020309001,2012B040301042)
文摘More than 20 soil samples were collected from tea gardens of specialized tea towns in Guangdong,including Fenglang Town and Fengshun Town in Meizhou City,Changshan Town in Lianjiang City,Fenghuang Town in Chaozhou City.Content of 6 types of heavy metal (Cr,Cu,Pb,As,Cd,Hg) in tea garden soil was measured.On the basis of these,the safety was assessed.Results show that the comprehensive pollution index of these 6 types of heavy metal is lower than 0.7.According to Soil Pollution Grading Standard formulated by China Green Food Development Center,the soil is not polluted by heavy metal and remains at safety level.It proves that overall soil condition of specialized tea gardens in Guangdong Province is not polluted by heavy metal.
基金supported by the financial assistance provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31400385)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(No.2015BAD07B0202)+1 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for Young Scholars of the Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry(No.RIF2013-08)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of CAF(No.CAFYBB2014QB027)
文摘In this study, in situ investigation was conducted on Chinese chastetree(Vitex negundo var. heterophylla)and spine jujube(Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa) during early, developed, and closing succession stages. Monthly data were recorded for foliar δ^(13)C values and foliar N, P,and K concentrations from May to October. Foliar δ^(13)C values declined with time and differences by succession stage varied by species. Older spine jujube displayed higher foliar N concentration while foliar P concentration was inversely related with N. Chinese chastetree had lower foliar K concentration than spine jujube. Foliar C/N ratio declined during the dry season and increased in the wet season. Foliar N/P ratio increased during the dry season and declined to its initial level until October, when it increased again. Foliar δ^(13)C value was positively correlated with foliar N concentration. Foliar P and K concentrations were positively correlated to each other. In conclusion, the two shrubs had contrasting strategies of water use efficiency during their succession, but water use efficiency of both species was promoted by N availability and limited by P availability.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0310405)the Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science(SYNL)Program for Youth Talent(L2019F45).
文摘Recently,there has been considerable interest in the use of microchannel reactors for hydrometallurgy of rare earths(REs).Here,a novel integrated microchannel reactor based on the hollow-strut SiC foam material is presented and demonstrated to extract Ce^(3+)and Pr^(3+)using 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(P507)as the extractant.The typical three-dimensional reticulated structure of the hollow-strut SiC foam was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro computed tomography.Since the reactor’s structure plays a key role in fluid mixing and mass diffusion during the extraction process,the structure-performance relationship of the foam was studied by extraction experiments combined with numerical simulations.Using the foam with the optimal structure,the influence of the flow rate Q_(0) of the two liquid phases on the extraction efficiency η and overall volume mass transfer coefficient KLa was discussed.For both RE ions,with increasing Q_(0),η decreases while KLa increases.For the total flow rate of the two phases of 4 ml·min^(-1),the η values of Pr^(3+)and Ce^(3+)reached 98.7%and 97.0%,respectively.For the total flow rate of 36 ml·min^(-1) which was much higher than that of many other microchannel reactors reported in the literatures,the η values of Pr^(3+)and Ce^(3+)still reached 92.2%and 86.9%,respectively,and the KLa values of Pr^(3+)and Ce^(3+)were 0.198 and 0.161 s^(-1),respectively,similar to the high values reported for other microchannel reactors studied in previous work.These findings indicate that the hollow-strut SiC foam microchannel reactor is suitable for use in REs extraction.
文摘Raymond Williams is one of the representative figures of British cultural Marxism and British cultural research.His cultural research,especially mass culture research,focuses on literary criticism.Among them,drama criticism is one of Williams'most important forms of cultural criticism methodology.Williams'drama criticism is based on drama history criticism.Through the historical analysis of drama content and form as well as the synchronic analysis of modem drama in different historical periods,including the ongoing drama history,Williams proposed the notion of"structures of feeling"The emergence of this concept opened up the social critical dimension of Williams'drama criticism.Drama criticism has become a window for examining,analyzing,and grasping the current social emotional structure or social culture.Furthermore,by implanting tragic plots in the drama,a potential practical strategy of social and cultural revolution can be realized.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1001200 and 2018YFA0900600)the Chinese Academy of Science(XDA24040202)the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics of China(grant no.SKLPG2016A-13).
文摘Tocopherols(vitamin E)play essential roles in human health because of their antioxidant activity,and plantderived oils are the richest sources of tocopherols in the human diet.Although soybean(Glycinemax)is one of themain sources of plant-derived oil and tocopherol in the world,the relationship between tocopherol and oil in soybean seeds remains unclear.Here,we focus on dissecting tocopherol metabolism with the longterm goal of increasing a-tocopherol content and soybean oil quality.We first collected tocopherol and fatty acid profiles in a soybean population(>800 soybean accessions)and found that tocopherol content increased during soybean domestication.A strong positive correlation between tocopherol and oil content was also detected.Five tocopherol pathway–related lociwere identified using a metabolite genome-wide association study strategy.Genetic variations in three tocopherol pathway genes were responsible for total tocopherol content and composition in the soybean population through effects on enzyme activity,mainly caused by non-conserved amino acid substitution or changes in gene transcription level.Moreover,the fatty acid regulatory transcription factor GmZF351 directly activated tocopherol pathway gene expression,increasing both fatty acid and tocopherol contents in soybean seeds.Our study reveals the functional differentiation of tocopherol pathway genes in soybean populations and provides a framework for development of new soybean varieties with high a-tocopherol content and oil quality in seeds.
基金supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0302502)the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0307100 and 2022YFA1403700)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51991340, 21975140, 11925402, and 12274453)supported by Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics (KF202204)supported by the Guangdong Province (2020KCXTD001 and 2016ZT06D348)Center for Computational Science and Engineering of SUSTechsupported by the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the New Cornerstone Investigator Program and the XPLORER PRIZE