Effect of Milk Processed Arnebiae Radix on Body Temperature of Fever Rats

[Objectives]To investigate the synergistic effect of Arnebiae Radix after processing.[Methods]The effects of raw Arnebiae Radix and milk processed Arnebiae Radix on hypothermia in yeast-induced febrile rats were compared.[Results]The processed and unprocessed Arnebiae Radix at high,medium and low doses all had a certain effect on inhibiting the rise of body temperature in rats.The high dose unprocessed group,the medium dose processed group and the high dose processed group had the best inhibitory effect on body temperature,the low dose processed group could delay the fever time,and the low dose unprocessed group had poor inhibitory effect on fever.[Conclusions]The prepared Arnebiae Radix has enhanced drug effect,and milk processed Arnebiae Radix can be used to replace common Arnebiae Radix to reduce the dosage of Arnebiae Radix and save Arnebiae Radix resources.

Coseismic vertical deformation of the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from repeated levelings and its constraint on listric fault geometry

The devastating Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured two large parallel thrust faults along the middle segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt. Preseismic and postseismic leveling data indicated the hanging wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan-Nanba thrust fault mainly presented coseismic uplift with respect to the reference point at Pingwu county town, and the observed maximum uplift of 4.7 m is located at Beichuan county （Qushan town） which is about 100 m west of the fault scarp. The foot wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan-Nanba thrust fault mainly showed subsidence with maximum subsidence of 0.6 m near the rupture. By employing a listric dislocation model, we found that the fault geometry model of exponential dip angle δ=88°×[1-exp（-9/h）] with depth of 18 km and uniform thrust-slip of 5.6 m could fit the observed coseismic vertical deformation very well, which verifies the listric thrust model of the Longmenshan orogenic zone.

Lipid-albumin nanoassemblies co-loaded with borneol and paclitaxel for intracellular drug delivery to C6 glioma cells with P-gp inhibition and its tumor targeting

Successful chemotherapy with paclitaxel(PTX)is impeded by multidrug resistance(MDR)in tumor cells.In this study,lipid-albumin nanoassemblies co-loaded with borneol and paclitaxel(BOR/PTX LANs)were prepared to circumvent MDR in C6 glioma cells.The physiochemical properties including particle size,encapsulation efficiency and morphology were evaluated in vitro.Quantitative and qualitative investigations of cellular uptake were carried out in C6 glioma cells.The cytotoxicity of the BOR/PTX LANs was determined by MTT assay.After that,the tumor targeting was also evaluated in C6 glioma bearing mice by in vivo imaging analysis.BOR/PTX LANs have a higher entrapment efficiency(90.4±1.2%),small particle size(107.5±3.2 nm),narrow distribution(P.I.=0.171±0.02).The cellular uptake of PTX was significantly increased by BOR/PTX LANs compared with paclitaxel loaded lipidalbumin nanoassemblies(PTX LANs)in quantitative research.The result was further confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy qualitatively.The cellular uptake was energy-,timeand concentration-dependent,and clathrin-and endosome/lysosome-associated pathways were involved.The BOR/PTX LANs displayed a higher cytotoxicity agaist C6 glioma cells in comparion with PTX LANs and Taxol.Moreover,the encapsulation of BOR in LANs obviously increased the accumulation of the drug in tumor tissues,demonstrating the tumor targeted ability of BOR/PTX LANs.These results indicated that BOR/PTX LANs could overcome MDR by combination of drug delivery systems and P-gp inhibition,and shown the potential for treatment of gliomas.

Numerical study of the effect of aft-loaded magnetic field on multiple ionizations in Hall thruster

It is assumed that the shift of a strong magnetic field region with a positive gradient from exit plane to outside, namely the transit from a normal loaded magnetic field to an aft-loaded one, enhances the multiple ionization process in the magnetically shielded Hall thruster. To confirm this conjecture, a comparative study is carried out numerically with a particle-in-cell method. The simulation results prove that compared with the normal loaded magnetic field, the application of aft-loaded magnetic field enhances the multiple ionization process. This study further analyzes the ionization characteristics of the transition from low-charged ions to high-charged ions under two magnetic field conditions and the influence of the magnetic strength of aft-loaded magnetic field on the multiple ionization characteristics. The study described herein is useful for understanding the discharge characteristics of Hall thruster with an aft-loaded magnetic field.

Lectin affinity-based glycoproteome analysis of the developing xylem in poplar

Glycosylation is a significant post-translational modification of proteins,and some glycoproteins serve as players in plant cell wall synthesis and modification.Wood is a highly developed cell wall organization,and protein glycosylation as a regulatory mechanism may be involved in wood formation.Here,a lectin affinity-based glycoproteome was performed in stem developing xylem of poplar.After enrichment,trypsin digestion,LC-MS/MS analysis and peptide identification,we identified 154 glycoproteins from poplar developing xylem,which were classified into nine functional groups mainly including protein acting on carbohydrates,oxido-reductase,proteases,and protein kinases.Further,N-and/or Oglycosylation sites of the identified proteins were analyzed using bioinformatic tools,and deglycosylation experiments in the selected PtSOD and PtHAD proteins verified the reliability of the identified glycoproteins.Analysis of protein subcellular localization showed that a total of 63%of the identified glycoproteins were extracellular proteins or located in the plasma membrane.Poplar eFP and RT-qPCR data showed that a number of the genes encoding these glycoproteins such as laccase,peroxidase and cysteine protease,have highly preferential expression profiles in the developing xylem.Together with previously published research,most identified glycoproteins could be involved in wood cell wall synthesis and modification in poplar.Thus,our study provides some potential wood formation-related glycoproteins to be determined during tree stem development.

Contrasting beta diversity of spiders,carabids,and ants at local and regional scales in a black soil region,northeast China

Understanding the factors determining the formation of each community and metacommunity across a landscape is one of the most important ideas in soil animal ecology.However,the variables and parameters that shape soil arthropod communities in agroecosystems have not been resolved.These arthropods can serve as important bioindicators of field management and its sustainability.We sampled five com plantations in each of three locations across a region spanning 600 km to come up with these determinants of the community structure of ground-dwelling spiders(Erigoninae:Araneae),carabids(Coleoptara:Carabidae),and ants(Hymenoptera:Formicidae).The analysis of the five fields within each of the three locations represent our local-scale samples,while the comparisons of the 15 sites across all three locations represent the regional scale samples.We tested the hypothesis that in the models we sampled,environmental/soil variables would drivecommunity assembly locally(within location comparisons),but at the regional scale(between location comparisons),climatic and spatial variables would drive metacommunity assembly.The outcomes of our study showed distinct communities at each of the three locations when compared across regions but locally,fields were similar in species composition,as expected.Locally,spatial variables were important but not soil variables,regulated species richness and abundance.Turnover contributed more than nestedness to explain the biodiversity of spiders,carabids,and ants at both the local and regional scales.Neither purely climate variables,nor purely soil or spatial variables were significant enough explanations for the regional scale arthropod community composition.However,spatially structured environmental factors contributed most to explain the patterns supporting our hypothesis.We conclude that biodiversity in this agroecosystem area can be promoted by a mosaic of land uses being encouraged to increase landscape complexity at the regional scale.