Sirt5 desuccinylates Cdc42 to mediate osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling in mice

Post-translational modifications(PTMs)play a critical role in bone remodeling,with phosphorylation and acetylation being particularly well characterized.Recently,succinylation,a relatively uncommon PTM on lysine,has received considerable research attention for its influence on several physiological and pathological processes and conditions.1 Several substrates involved in mitochondrial pathways have been validated as substrates for the desuccinylase sirtuin 5(Sirt5),a key regulator of succinylation.2 Bone is one of the most metabolically active organs,but the role of succinylation during bone remodeling is not well characterized.

Virus-Encoded microRNAs: Future Therapeutic Targets?

The discovery of microRNAs （miRNAs） is a remarkable breakthrough in the field of molecular genetics, as miRNAs are key actors which regulate gene expression in diverse cellular processes from unicellular yeast to human. The recent discovery of virus-encoded miRNAs indicates that viruses also use this fundamental mode of gene regulation. Research into viral miRNAs function demonstrates that some miRNAs play an important role in regulating both the viral life cycle and the interaction between viruses and their hosts. The first in vivo ＂antagomir＂ study provides an exciting first step towards miRNA therapy, and the potential for ultimately designing molecular medicines based on the modulation of miRNAs seems good.

TXNDC5 synergizes with HSC70 to exacerbate the inflammatory phenotype of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis through NF-κB signaling

The upregulated expression of thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5(TXNDC5)is associated with rheumatoid arthritis in patients and model mice.However,the underlying mechanism by which TXNDC5 influences the pathological activation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts(RASFs)remains unknown.In this study,we show that TXNDC5 expression in RASFs and their cytokine production are significantly upregulated in response to LPS,TNF-αand IL-6,but suppressed by transfection with TXNDC5-siRNA.TXNDC5 is further validated as the direct target of NF-κB signaling.Mechanistically,TXNDC5 directly interacts with heat shock cognate 70 protein(HSC70)to sequester it in the cytoplasm,and HSC70 silencing exerts the same effects as TXNDC5 on the biological activity of RASFs(for example,decreased cell viability,invasion and cytokine production).Furthermore,HSC70 activates NF-κB signaling by destabilizing IκBβprotein in the absence of LPS or facilitating its nuclear translocation in the presence of LPS.Importantly,TXNDC5 can also regulate the activity of NF-κB signaling in a HSC70-IκBβ-dependent manner.Taken together,by linking HSC70 and NF-κB signaling,TXNDC5 plays a pro-inflammatory role in RASFs,highlighting a potential approach to treat RA by blocking the TXNDC5/HSC70 interaction.

Recent progress of traditional Chinese medical science based on theory of biophoton

With the development of biophotonics, bio- photon detection technology has been appropriately used. In this paper, the main features and fundamental concep- tions of biophotonics were introduced basically. Then the coherence theory of biophoton emission was reviewed. Furthermore, based on this coherence concept, the quantum theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and properties of Chinese medicinal herbs were presented. To show the nature of biophoton emission in living systems and clarify its basic detection mechanism, high sensitive detection system which allows non-invasive and non-destructive （or less） recording was finally presented.