Effect of sodium starch octenyl succinate-based Pickering emulsion on the physicochemical properties of hairtail myofibrillar protein gel subjected to multiple freeze-thaw cycles

A Pickering emulsion based on sodium starch octenyl succinate(SSOS)was prepared and its effects on the physicochemical properties of hairtail myofibrillar protein gels(MPGs)subjected to multiple freeze-thaw(F-T)cycles were investigated.The whiteness,water-holding capacity,storage modulus(G')and texture properties of the MPGs were significantly improved by adding 1%-2%Pickering emulsion(P<0.05).Meanwhile,Raman spectral analysis demonstrated that Pickering emulsion promoted the transformation of secondary structure,enhanced hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions,and promoted the transition of disulfide bond conformation from g-g-g to g-g-t and t-g-t.At an emulsion concentration of 2%,theα-helix content decreased by 10.37%,while theβ-sheet content increased by 7.94%,compared to the control.After F-T cycles,the structure of the MPGs was destroyed,with an increase in hardness and a decrease in whiteness and water-holding capacity,however,the quality degradation of MPGs was reduced with 1%-2%Pickering emulsion.These findings demonstrated that SSOS-Pickering emulsions,as potential fat substitutes,can enhance the gel properties and the F-T stability of MPGs.

Energy-Saving and Punctuality Combined Velocity Planning for the Autonomous-Rail Rapid Tram with Enhanced Pseudospectral Method

Autonomous-rail rapid transit(ART)is a new medium-capacity rapid transportation system with punctuality,comfort and convenience,but low-cost construction.Combined velocity planning is a critical approach to meet the requirements of energy-saving and punctuality.An ART velocity pre-planning and re-planning strategy based on the combination of punctuality dynamic programming(PDP)and pseudospectral(PS)method is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the longitudinal dynamics model of ART is established by a multi-particle model.Secondly,the PDP algorithm with global optimal characteristics is adopted as the pre-planning strategy.A model for determining the number of collocation points of the real-time PS method is proposed to improve the energy-saving effect while ensuring computation efficiency.Then the enhanced PS method is utilized to design the velocity re-planning strategy.Finally,simulations are conducted in the typical scenario with sloping roads,traffic lights,and intrusion of the pedestrian.The simulation results indicate that the ART with the proposed velocity trajectory optimization strategy can meet the punctuality requirement,and obtain better economy efficiency compared with the punctuality green light optimal speed advisory(PGLOSA).

Assessment on Ecological Capital of Small Towns:A Case Study of Baita Town,Weifang

In this paper,remote sensing accounting model was used to assess the ecological capital of Baita Town,Weifang.Based on the present situation of the town,NPP statistical model was constructed on the GIS platform based on the relationships between NPP,LAI and NDVI.After loading the ground statistics,the ecological capital in the town was accounted.In 2015,the ecological capital of Baita Town was 175245600 yuan,and the gross domestic product(GDP)of the town was 308380000 yuan,that is,the ecological capital was 0.57 times the amount of GDP.

Impact of inhaled corticosteroid use on elderly chronic pulmonary disease patients with community acquired pneumonia

To the Editor:With an aging global population,the incidences of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)have signicantly increased.[1]Previous studies have conrmed that COPD and asthma are independently associated with the prevalence of CAP.The use of inhaled corticosteroid(ICS),the cornerstone of treatment for asthma,COPD with frequent acute exacerbations,and asthma-COPD overlap(ACO)may induce changes in the local lung microbiome and abnormal lung immunity,ultimately,causing a signicantly increased risk of pneumonia.However,in cases of pneumonia,the effect of the use of ICS on CAP mortality remains controversial.While data from one study favored the prior use of ICS,which was associated with a signicantly lower short-term mortality rate,[2]other studies have identied no impact on mortality.To date,data on the impact of the use of ICS on mortality,prehospitalization or during hospitalization,are scarce,particularly in the older population.Therefore,this multicenter,retrospective study explored the association between the use of ICS during hospitalization and short-term mortality in older patients with CAP and those with chronic pulmonary disease(CPD).

Clinical practice of emergency department-initiated extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest in adults

To the Editor:Cardiac arrest(CA)is one of the leading causes of adult death globally.According to the latest American Heart Association reports,[1]the incidences of Emergency Medical Service-assessed adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)and in-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA)were 140.7/100,000 and 10.2/1000,respectively.

高活性间充质干细胞干预猕猴卵巢衰老的研究

目的研究一种高活性间充质干细胞(HA-MSCs)对衰老猕猴卵巢结构与功能的干预作用。方法分别使用TeSR-E8培养基和含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基从青年猕猴骨髓中分离、扩增得到猕猴HA-MSCs与骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs),流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志物,并进行成脂、成骨和成软骨诱导分化能力鉴定。然后将这2种细胞按1×10^(7)个细胞/kg的剂量,1日1次,连续3 d静脉输注给卵巢衰老猕猴,于治疗前1天、治疗后1、2、3、5个月检测外周血抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)水平,治疗后第5个月将猕猴安乐死,HE染色观察卵巢的组织病理结构,Masson染色评价卵巢纤维化程度变化,免疫组织化学染色检测卵巢p16、p21衰老相关蛋白的表达水平。两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用Tukey方法。结果HA-MSCs呈短小梭形,核质比高,形态均一。BMSCs体积较大,呈典型的成纤维细胞形态,有少量杂细胞。HA-MSCs的成脂、成骨和成软骨分化能力均强于BMSCs。与老年模型组比较,HA-MSCs治疗组在治疗后2个月内AMH水平[(1.85±0.21)比(0.29±0.15)ng/mL]增加,该组卵巢组织可见各级卵泡,纤维化程度降低(P均<0.001)。与老年模型组比较,BMSCs治疗组在治疗后1个月时AMH水平[(1.26±0.28)比(0.36±0.16)ng/mL]增加,与HA-MSCs治疗组比较,BMSCs治疗组在治疗后2个月时AMH水平[(1.85±0.21)比(0.60±0.20)ng/mL]降低,该组可见少量未成熟卵泡及原始卵泡,纤维化程度降低(P均<0.001)。老年模型组AMH水平最低,卵巢组织偶见闭锁卵泡,广泛纤维化。卵巢p16、p21蛋白表达水平在老年模型组最高,HA-MSCs治疗组最低,BMSCs治疗组次之。结论HA-MSCs提高衰老卵巢的储备能力,减轻卵巢纤维化,减少卵巢衰老相关蛋白的表达,重启卵泡生成功能,在治疗卵巢衰老上相较BMSCs效果更佳。

A Novel Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Gene in Maize (Zea mays),ZmMPK3,is Involved in Response to Diverse Environmental Cues

In search for components of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） cascades in maize （Zea mays） involved in response to abscisic acid （ABA） stimulus, a novel MAPK gene, ZmMPK3, from ABA-treated maize leaves cDNA was isolated and characterized. The full length of the ZmMPK3 gene is 1 520 bp and encodes a 376 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 43.5 kD and a pl of 5.83. ZmMPK3 contains all 11 MAPK conserved subdomains and the phosphorylation motif TEY. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that ZmMPK3 shared high identity with group-A MAPK in plants. A time course （30-360 min） experiment using a variety of signal molecules and stresses revealed that the transcripts level of ZmMPK3 accumulated markedly and rapidly when maize seedlings were subjected to exogenous signaling molecules： ABA, H202, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, various abioUc stimuli such as cold, drought, ultraviolet light, salinity, heavy metal and mechanical wounding. Its transcription was also found to be tissue-specific regulated. Here, we show that ABA and H202 induced a significant increase in the ZmMPK3 activity using immunoprecipitation and in-gel kinase assay. Furthermore, the results showed that the ZmMPK3 protein is localized mainly to the nucleus. These results suggest that the ZmMPK3 may play an important role in response to environmental stresses.

CDC48B facilitates the intercellular trafficking of SHORT-ROOT during radial patterning in roots

CELL DIVISION CONTROL PROTEIN48(CDC48)is essential for membrane fusion,protein degradation,and other cellular processes.Here,we revealed the crucial role of CDC48B in regulating periclinal cell division in roots by analyzing the recessive gen1 mutant.We identified the GEN1 gene through map-based cloning and verified that GEN1 encodes CDC48B.gen1 showed severely inhibited root growth,increased periclinal cell division in the endodermis,defective middle cortex(MC)formation,and altered ground tissue patterning in roots.Consistent with these phenotypes,CYCLIND 6;1(CYCD6;1),a periclinal cell division marker,was upregulated in gen1 compared to Col-0.The ratio of SHR_(pro):SHR-GFP fluorescence in pre-dividing nuclei versus the adjacent stele decreased by 33%in gen1,indicating that the trafficking of SHORT-ROOT(SHR)decreased in gen1 when endodermal cells started to divide.These findings suggest that the loss of function of CDC48B inhibits the intercellular trafficking of SHR from the stele to the endodermis,thereby decreasing SHR accumulation in the endodermis.These findings shed light on the crucial role of CDC48B in regulating periclinal cell division in roots.