Summary What is already known about this topic?China has repeatedly contained multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)outbreaks through a comprehensive set of targeted nonpharmaceutical int...Summary What is already known about this topic?China has repeatedly contained multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)outbreaks through a comprehensive set of targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions(NPIs).However,the effectiveness of such NPIs has not been systematically assessed.展开更多
Land surface temperature(LST)retrieval from thermal infrared(TIR)remote sensing image requires atmospheric and land surface emissivity(LSE)data that are sometimes unattainable.To overcome this problem,a hybrid algorit...Land surface temperature(LST)retrieval from thermal infrared(TIR)remote sensing image requires atmospheric and land surface emissivity(LSE)data that are sometimes unattainable.To overcome this problem,a hybrid algorithm is developed to retrieve LST without atmospheric correction and LSE data input,by combining the split-window(SW)and temperature–emissivity separation(TES)algorithms.The SW algorithm is used to estimate surface-emitting radiance in adjacent TIR bands,and such radiance is applied to the TES algorithm to retrieve LST and LSE.The hybrid algorithm is implemented on five TIR bands of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER).Analysis shows that the hybrid algorithm can estimate LST and LSE with an error of 0.5–1.5 K and 0.007–0.020,respectively.Moreover,the LST error of the hybrid algorithm is equivalent to that of the original ASTER TES algorithm,involving 1%–2%uncertainty in atmospheric correction.The hybrid algorithm is validated using ground-measured LST at six sites and ASTER LST products,indicating that the temperature difference between the ASTER TES algorithm and the hybrid algorithm is 1.4 K and about 2.5–3.5 K compared to the ground measurement.Finally,the hybrid algorithm is applied to at two places.展开更多
基金Supported by grants from the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130093)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(ZD2021CY001).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?China has repeatedly contained multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)outbreaks through a comprehensive set of targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions(NPIs).However,the effectiveness of such NPIs has not been systematically assessed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 41771369)the National High-Resolution Earth Observation Project of China(grant numbers 11-Y20A32-9001-15/17,04-Y30B01-9001-18/20-1-4)+1 种基金Beijing Nova Program(grant number Z171100001117079)National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2017YFB0503905-05).
文摘Land surface temperature(LST)retrieval from thermal infrared(TIR)remote sensing image requires atmospheric and land surface emissivity(LSE)data that are sometimes unattainable.To overcome this problem,a hybrid algorithm is developed to retrieve LST without atmospheric correction and LSE data input,by combining the split-window(SW)and temperature–emissivity separation(TES)algorithms.The SW algorithm is used to estimate surface-emitting radiance in adjacent TIR bands,and such radiance is applied to the TES algorithm to retrieve LST and LSE.The hybrid algorithm is implemented on five TIR bands of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER).Analysis shows that the hybrid algorithm can estimate LST and LSE with an error of 0.5–1.5 K and 0.007–0.020,respectively.Moreover,the LST error of the hybrid algorithm is equivalent to that of the original ASTER TES algorithm,involving 1%–2%uncertainty in atmospheric correction.The hybrid algorithm is validated using ground-measured LST at six sites and ASTER LST products,indicating that the temperature difference between the ASTER TES algorithm and the hybrid algorithm is 1.4 K and about 2.5–3.5 K compared to the ground measurement.Finally,the hybrid algorithm is applied to at two places.
