MoS2 nanorods with inner caves through synchronous encapsulation of sulfur for high performance Li–S cathodes

Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries have become one of the most promising candidates for next-generation batteries owing to their high specific capacity,low cost,and environment-friendliness.Many efforts have been made to mitigate the"shuttle effect"through physical adsorption and chemical bonding.MoS2 has been proposed as a cathode material to provide effective anchoring sites for lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),but is still limited by its layer structure.Herein,we designed novel MoS2 nanorods with inner caves based on our previous work,and performed synchronous encapsulation of sulfur during the synthesis process.The outer MoS2 tubular shells physically inhibit the outward diffusion of polysulfide species while the inner particles chemically anchor the polysulfides to prevent shuttling.As the cathode matrix in Li–S batteries,the electrochemical results deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 1213 mAhg^-1 for sulfur at 0.1 C.After cycling at 1 C for 300 cycles,the cells exhibit a capacity decay of only 0.076%per cycle and high average coulombic efficiency over 95%.The tubular MoS2 structure is an innovative and appealing design,which could be regarded as a prospective substrate for the improved performance of Li–S batteries.

Laser-ablated violet phosphorus/graphene heterojunction as ultrasensitive ppb-level room-temperature NO sensor

Two dimensional(2D)materials are promising gas sensing materials,but the most of them need to be heated to show promising sensing performance.Sensing structures with high sensing performance at room-temperature are urgent.Here,another 2D material,violet phosphorus(VP)nanoflake is investigated as gas sensing material.The VP nanoflakes have been effectively ablated to have layers of 1–5 layers by laser ablation in glycol.The VP nanoflakes are combined with graphene to form VP/G heterostructuresbased NO sensor.An ultra-high gauge factor of 3×10^(7)for ppb-level sensing and high resistance response of 59.21%with ultra-short recovery time of 6s for ppm-level sensing have been obtained.The sensing mechanism is also analysed by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The adsorption energy of VP/G is calculated to be-0.788 e V,resulting in electrons migration from P to N to form a P-N bond in the gap between VP and graphene sheet.This work provides a facile approach to ablate VP for mass production.The as-produced structures have also provided potential gas sensors with ultrasensitive performance as ppb-level room-temperature sensors.

Neutrophil membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles alleviate inflammation and promote angiogenesis in ischemic myocardial injury

Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)induces a sterile inflammatory response,leading to cardiomyocyte damage and adverse cardiac remodeling.Interleukin-5(IL-5)plays an essential role in developing eosinophils(EOS),which are beneficial for the resolution of inflammation.Furthermore,the proangiogenic properties of IL-5 also contribute to tissue healing following injury.Therefore,targeted delivery of IL-5 is an innovative therapeutic approach for treating AMI.It has been shown that conventional IL-5 delivery can result in undesirable adverse effects and potential drug overdose.In this study,we successfully synthesized a biomimetic IL-5 nanoparticle by camouflaging the IL-5 nanoparticle in a neutrophilic membrane.The administration of neutrophil membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles(NM-NPIL-5)in the in vivo model showed that these nanoparticles promoted EOS accumulation and angiogenesis in the infarcted myocardium,thereby limiting adverse cardiac remodeling after AMI.Our results also demonstrated that the NM-NPIL-5 could serve as neutrophil“decoys”to adsorb and neutralize the elevated neutrophil-related cytokines in the injured heart by inheriting multiple receptors from their“parent”neutrophils.Finally,the targeted delivery of NM-NPIL-5 protected the cardiomyocytes from excessive inflammatory-induced apoptosis and maintained cardiac function.Our findings provided a promising cardiac detoxification agent for acute cardiac injury.

Control of crystal growth to obtain needle-shaped violet phosphorus with excellent photocatalytic degradation performance

The control of crystal growth is important but challenging for multi-disciplinary research.Violet phosphorus,the most stable phosphorus allotrope,has recently been produced as a unique semiconducting layered structure.The crystal orientation and morphology bring extra performance due to its unique structure and anisotropy.Herein,the layered violet phosphorus has been controlled to grow along the c-axis to give tunable length up to centimeters with the assistance of tin,while the reported flat bulk ones with thickness are limited to micrometers.The as-produced needle-shaped violet phosphorus has also been demonstrated to significantly enhance the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange pollutants due to its special crystallographic orientation.About 98.6%of methyl orange pollutants with a concentration of 50 ppm were degraded within 80 min under visible light conditions by needle-shaped violet phosphorus,which is much more effective than that of amorphous red phosphorus with only 14.1%degradation.

An antioxidant system through conjugating superoxide dismutase onto metal-organic framework for cardiac repair

Acute myocardial infarction(AMI)remains a dominant origin of morbidity,mortality and disability worldwide.Increases in reactive oxygen species(ROS)are key contributor to excessive cardiac injury after AMI.Here we developed an immobilized enzyme with Superoxide Dismutase(SOD)activity cross-link with Zr-based metal-organic framework(ZrMOF)(SOD-ZrMOF)for mitigate ROS-caused injury.In vitro and in vivo evidence indicates that SOD-ZrMOF exhibits excellent biocompatibility.By efficiently scavenging ROS and suppressing oxidative stress,SOD-ZrMOF can protect the function of mitochondria,reduce cell death and alleviate inflammation.More excitingly,long-term study using an animal model of AMI demonstrated that SOD-ZrMOF can reduce the infarct area,protect cardiac function,promote angiogenesis and inhibit pathological myocardial remodeling.Therefore,SOD-ZrMOF holds great potential as an efficacious and safe nanomaterial treatment for AMI.

The lithium and sodium storage performances of phosphorus and its hierarchical structure

Recent preparation of black phosphorene and subsequent discovery of its excellent optical and electronic properties have attracted great attenti on,and ren ewed interest to phosphorus.Rece nt researches have indicated that phosphorus structures are promisi ng an odes for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries.A high theoretical capacity of 2,596 mAh·g^-1 was predicted for phosphorus according to the reaction of 3Li/Na+P→Li3P/Na3P.However,fast capacity degradation is accompanying with most phosphorus structures due to the low electronic conductivity and structural pulverization induced by large volume change in charging and discharging proceses.The electrochemical performances are significantly affected by the hierarchical structural design of phosphorus.A few reviews of phosphorus structures have been reported recent?However,no review about the electrochemical performances of phosphorus structures according to their hierarchical structures has been reported.First of all,phosphrus allotropes along with their structure and fundamental properties are briefly reviewed in this work.Secondly,the studies on lithiation/sodiation mechanism of red/black phosphorus are presented.Thirdly,a summary about the electrochemical performances of red/black phosphorus composites with different hierarchical structures is presented.Furthermore,the,development challenges and future perspectives of phosphorus structures as anodes for LIBs and SIBs are discussed.

Demonstration of thermal modulation using nanoscale and microscale structures for ultralarge pixel array photothermal transducers

Large-pixel-array infrared emitters are attractive in the applications of infrared imaging and detection.However,the array scale has been restricted in traditional technologies.Here,we demonstrated a light-driven photothermal transduction approach for an ultralarge pixel array infrared emitter.A metal-black coating with nanoporous structures and a silicon(Si)layer with microgap structures were proposed to manage the thermal input and output issues.The effects of the nanoscale structures in the black coating and microscale structures in the Si layer were investigated.Remarkable thermal modulation could be obtained by adjusting the nanoscale and microscale structures.The measured stationary and transient results of the fabricated photothermal transducers agreed well with the simulated results.From the input view,due to its wide spectrum and high absorption,the black coating with nanoscale structures contributed to a 5.6-fold increase in the temperature difference compared to that without the black coating.From the output view,the microgap structures in the Si layer eliminated the in-plane thermal crosstalk.The temperature difference was increased by 340%by modulating the out-of-plane microstructures.The proposed photothermal transducer had a rising time of 0.95 ms and a falling time of 0.53 ms,ensuring a fast time response.This method is compatible with low-cost and mass manufacturing and has promising potential to achieve ultralarge-array pixels beyond ten million.

Porcine pluripotent stem cells: progress, challenges and prospects

Pluripotent stem cells(PSCs) are characterized by their capacity for high self-renewal and multiple differentiation potential and include embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells and induced PSCs. PSCs provide a very suitable model for the studies of human diseases, drugs screening, regenerative medicine and developmental biology research. Pigs are considered as an ideal model for preclinical development of human xenotransplantation, therapeutic approaches and regenerative medicine because of their size and physiological similarity to humans. However, lack of knowledge about the derivation, characterization and pluripotency mechanisms of porcine PSCs hinders progress in these biotechnologies. In this review, we discuss the latest progress on porcine PSCs generation, evaluation criteria for pluripotency, the scienti?c and technical questions arising from these studies. We also introduce our perspectives on porcine PSC research, in the hope of providing new ideas for generating naive porcine PSCs and animal breeding.

A novel copper metabolism-related signature model for predicting the prognosis,target drugs,and immunotherapy in stomach adenocarcinoma

Stomach adenocarcinoma(STAD)is one of the most common gastric neoplasms with a high death rate.Therefore,there is an urgent need to propose an efficient therapy for STAD.Copper plays key roles in regulating the distribution of immune cells and affecting the tumor immune escape,and may be a novel indicator of immunotherapy in STAD.However,the specific impact of copper metabolism-related genes(CMRGs)on the patient’s prognosis,tumor microenvironment,and immunotherapeutic response remains unelucidated.