回顾与展望:中华民族共同体意识研究的历史与现实

2021年中央民族工作会议提出"铸牢中华民族共同体意识"是新时代党的民族工作的纲。本文梳理、总结了新时代以来理论界有关"中华民族共同体意识"研究的概况和特征:一是跨学科研究特点明显,主要涉及哲学、民族学、政治学、社会学、传播学等学科;二是将中华历史文化溯源与新时代民族思想理论相结合,有助于冲破西方民族话语体系霸权,构建中国民族学研究版图;三是理论阐释与实践实证研究相结合。文章反思了当下研究存在的不足,提出了改善建议:一是警惕"铸牢中华民族共同体意识"话语滥用、误用现象,对"中华民族""中华民族共同体"等重要概念的阐释应更加精准化;二是应遵循习近平新时代民族工作思想,超越传统民族工作范畴去认知和生成一套具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的民族共同体学术理论框架。

Ectomycorrhizal fungus enhances drought tolerance of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica seedlings and improves soil condition

Mongolian pine is an important afforestation species widely used for ecological management in northeast China. The environment in this region is very unstable and the flora are regularly subjected to drought stress.This paper reports on the influence of inoculation with the Suillus luteus on seedlings under different water conditions.Both inoculated and non-inoculated ectomycorrhizal fungi(ECMF)-S. luteus seedlings were maintained under wellwatered or water-stress conditions for 3 months. The S.luteus colonization rate under water stress was higher than that in well-watered conditions. Under water stress, inoculated seedlings had greater growth than non-inoculated seedlings. In addition, under water stress, S. luteus-inoculated seedlings had greater superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, higher soluble protein content, lower proline content, and lower malondialdehyde content than non-inoculated seedlings. S. luteus colonization increased the rhizosphere soil-enzyme activity and the rhizosphere soil nutrition content under both well-watered and water-stress conditions. Given the positive impact on seedling growth and physiology, S. luteus shows potential for use in the arid and semi-arid regions of northeast China for afforestation.

Effects of an ectomycorrhizal fungus on the growth and physiology of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings subjected to saline-alkali stress

This research investigates the mechanism of increased salinity tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungiinoculated P. sylvestris var. mongolica to provide a theoretical basis for the application of the fungus in saline soils.Growth effects due to inoculation of seedlings with Suillus luteus(a symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus), were determined in four kinds of saline–alkali soils. Growth and physiological indicators, including photosynthetic characteristics, plant height, biomass, photosynthetic pigments,catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) enzyme levels, and malondialdehyde(MDA), an organic marker for oxidative stress, and soluble protein levels were determined. Mycorrhizal colonization rate decreased with increasing saline–alkalinity and growth of inoculated seedlings was significantly enhanced. Biomass and chlorophyll contents also increased significantly. SOD and CAT activities were higher than in non-inoculated seedlings. However, MDA content decreased in inoculatedseedlings. Soluble protein content did not increase significantly. Inoculation with a symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus could enhance the saline–alkali tolerance of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. Growth and physiological performance of inoculated seedlings were significantly better than that of uninoculated seedlings. The results indicate that inoculated P. sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings may be useful in the improvement of saline–alkali lands.

The Discussion of Connotation and Denotation of the Consciousness of the Chinese National Community

In order to promote research of the Consciousness of the Chinese National Community(CCNC),it is essential to unravel the historical logic and practical foundation of the concept of Chinese National Community(CNC).This necessitates a thorough analysis and contemplation of its connotation and denotation.The CCNC gradually emerged during the continuous development of the CNC.It connotes that all members of the CNC can consciously recognize the objective existence of the CNC and they cognitively,psychologically,and behaviorally have a sense of identity with and belonging to the CNC.From the perspective of the denotation of CCNC,its structural basis lies within the plurality and unity in the configuration of the Chinese Nation.The consciousness of national identity serves as its political expression,the Chinese cultural identity as its spiritual foundation and the consciousness of a community with shared future as its inherent attribute.

非传统移民国家少数族群及其生活的微观研究:在俄华人移民适应问题——以伊尔库茨克华商为中心

进入全球化时代,世界范围内人口流动日趋频繁,伴随人口流动而出现的适应问题也成为民族学、人类学、社会学等多学科共同探讨的焦点议题。本文以活跃在俄罗斯伊尔库茨克市场中的华商成长历程为个案,对当今非传统移民国家少数族群的适应问题进行初步探讨。面对非移民传统国家“有限宽容”的生存环境,作为跨国经营活动的行动主体的华商依托特有的关系网络与社会结构,形成了由家庭式经营与“同乡同业”策略支持起来的群体经济,并采取“积极融入又保持距离”的策略与市场内外的活动主体展开交往。研究发现,虽然永久定居俄罗斯较为困难,但是“旅居”中的华商已成为当地社会不可或缺的一部分。华商的行动不仅挑战了旧有的“落叶归根”与“落地生根”的适应模式,还凭借中国商品将中国引入世界、推动了中国与周边国家之间经济连接与文化交流,并为审视中俄关系的发展走向提供了另一个角度。