OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of filiform needle acupuncture for poststroke depression, and to compare acupuncture with the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs. DATA RETRIEVAL: We retr...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of filiform needle acupuncture for poststroke depression, and to compare acupuncture with the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs. DATA RETRIEVAL: We retrieved data from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (1979-2012), Wanfang (1980-2012), VIP (1989-2012), Chinese Biomedical Literature (1975- 2012), PubMed (1966-2012), Ovid Lww (-2012), and Cochrane Library (-2012) Database using the internet. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials on filiform needle acupuncture versus antidepressant drugs for treatment of poststroke depression were included. Moreover, the in- cluded articles scored at least 4 points on the Jadad scale. Exclusion criteria: other acupuncture therapies as treatment group, not stroke-induced depression patients, score 〈 4 points, non-ran- domized controlled trials, or animal trials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: These were the Hamilton Depression Scale scores, clinical ef- fective rate, Self-Rating Depression Scale scores, Side Effect Rating Scale scores, and incidence of adverse reaction and events. RESULTS: A total of 17 randomized controlled clinical trials were included. Meta-analysis results displayed that after 4 weeks of treatment, clinical effective rate was better in patients treated with fill- form needle acupuncture than those treated with simple antidepressant drugs [relative risk = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (C/): 1.03-1.21, P = 0.01]. At 6 weeks, clinical effective rate was similar between filiform needle acupuncture and antidepressant drug groups. At 2 weeks after filiform needle acupuncture, Hamilton Depression Scale (17 items) scores were lower than in the antide- pressant drug group (mean difference = -2.34, 95%CI: -3.46 to -1.22, P 〈 0.000,1). At 4 weeks, Hamilton Depression Scale (24 items) scores were similar between filiform needle acupuncture and antidepressant drug groups. Self-Rating Depression Scale scores were lower in filiform needle acupuncture group than in the antidepressant drug group. Side Effect Rating Scale was used in only two articles, and no meta-analysis was conducted. Safety evaluation of the 17 arti- cles showed that gastrointestinal tract reactions such as nausea and vomiting were very common in the antidepressant drug group. Incidence of adverse reaction and events was very low in the filiform needle acupuncture group. CONCLUSION: Early filiform needle acupuncture for poststroke depression can perfectly con- trol depression. Filiform needle acupuncture is safe and reliable. Therapeutic effects of filiform needle acupuncture were better than those of antidepressant drugs.展开更多
The carbon cycle of forest ecosystems plays a key role in regulating CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Research on carbon storage estimation of forest ecosystems has become a major research topic. However, carbon ...The carbon cycle of forest ecosystems plays a key role in regulating CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Research on carbon storage estimation of forest ecosystems has become a major research topic. However, carbon budgets of subtropical forest ecosystems have received little attention. Reports of soil carbon storage and topographic heterogeneity of carbon storage are limited. This study focused on the Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve as an example of a mid-subtropical forest and evaluated soil and vegetation carbon storage by field sampling combined with GIS, RS and GPS technology. We classified the forest into nine forest types using ALOS high-resolution remote sensing images. The evergreen broad-leaved forest has the largest area, occupying 26.5% of the total area, followed by coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and warm temperate coniferous forest, occupying 24.2 and 22.9%, respectively. The vegetation and soil carbon storage of the whole forest ecosystem were 1,692,344 and 5,514,707 t, with a carbon density of 7.4 and 24.2 kg/m^2, respectively, which suggests that the ecosystem has great carbon storage capacity. The topographic heterogeneity of the carbon storage was also analysed. The largest vegetation storage and soil storage is at 700–800 and 1000–1100 m, respectively. The vegetation carbon storage is highest in the southeast, south and southwest.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Previously, time data were analyzed by using constituent ratio or relative ratio; however, circular statistical analysis could exactly provide average peak phase of diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate th...BACKGROUND: Previously, time data were analyzed by using constituent ratio or relative ratio; however, circular statistical analysis could exactly provide average peak phase of diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of solar term peak with onset and death of acute ischemic stroke. DESIGN: Retrospective case analysis. SETTINGS: Emergency Department of Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Science and Education, the Second People's Hospital of Foshan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1 597 patients with acute ischemic stroke were selected from Emergency Room, Department of Neurology, Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 1994 to 2002. There were 875 males and 722 females, and their ages ranged from 33 to 97 years. All cases met the diagnostic criteria of acute cerebral infarction modified by the Second National Cerebrovascular Disease Academic Meeting; meanwhile, they were diagnosed with CT/MRI test. Patients and their relatives provided the confirmed consent. METHODS: Solar term of onset was retrospectively analyzed in 1 597 patients with acute ischemic stroke; among them, solar term of death in 90 cases were analyzed by using circular statistical analysis to calculate peak phase of onset and death of acute ischemic stroke and investigate the correlation of solar term with onset and death of acute ischemic stroke. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Onset and death time of patients with acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS: Solar term of onset in 1 597 patients, especially solar term of death in 90 patients, was not concentrated (P 〉 0.05), and specific peak phase was not found out. Acute ischemic stroke low attacked from vernal equinox to summer begins, but death caused by acute ischemic stroke high attacked from grain buds to autumn begins. CONCLUSION: Patients with acute ischemic stroke do not have specific solar term peak of onset and death.展开更多
The main objective of this study is to simulate the potential vegetation types on the basis of environmental parameters.The paper took Barkam County in a mountainous region of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau as the study ...The main objective of this study is to simulate the potential vegetation types on the basis of environmental parameters.The paper took Barkam County in a mountainous region of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau as the study area.The vegetation distribution was mapped in 1994 and 2007 based on TM remote sensing images by object-oriented interpretation method.We overlaid the two maps to find out the vegetation patches which have not changed,and took them as stable types.Fifty per cent of the stable patches were randomly sampled to operate the logistic regression with related environmental parameters;others were used as test data of simulated results.Seven environmental parameters were mapped,including elevation,slope,aspect,surface curvature,solar radiation,temperature and precipitation,based on DEM data and meteorological site data by GIS technology.The relationship between the spatial distribution of vegetation and environmental variables were quantified by logistic regression.The distribution probabilities of each vegetation type were calculated.Finally,the spatial distribution of potential vegetation was simulated.This research can provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecological construction in this area.展开更多
Using rural survey data for the year 2009,we provide evidence of work choices of rural laborers in ecologically vulnerable areas in North China,and model these choices as a function of characteristics of individuals,h...Using rural survey data for the year 2009,we provide evidence of work choices of rural laborers in ecologically vulnerable areas in North China,and model these choices as a function of characteristics of individuals,households,and land endowments.The findings reveal large differences between males and females,and between non-farm employment and part-time farming engagement Land scarcity is still an important driving factor in non-farming participation of rural laborers in the study area;and in the current case of land productivity and the total amount of land,there are still surplus rural labor forces in the study area.Diversification of livelihood reduces the pressure on land,thus facilitating ecosystem conservation.So,the paper concludes with the argument that establishing coordination mechanisms among non-farm employment of rural laborers,agricultural production,and restoration of ecosystems are essential for mitigating the conflicts of ecological security,agricultural production,and rural development in mis area.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Pharmacologic action of traditional Chinese medicine compound is the comprehensive effect of various ingredients, and the interactions of various ingredients are closely correlated with the final effect. ...BACKGROUND: Pharmacologic action of traditional Chinese medicine compound is the comprehensive effect of various ingredients, and the interactions of various ingredients are closely correlated with the final effect. In order to reveal the compatibility mechanism of buyang huanwu decoction (BHD)'s prescription in treating and preventing ischemic cerebrovascular disease, we need to explore the effect and relation of ingredients in prescription except for considering the effect of each ingredient on the whole prescription. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of BHD and its ingredients in the prescription on the specific binding of 3H-platelet activating factor (PAF) to its receptor (PAFR)in rabbits in vitro, and to analyze the action of each ingredient in the prescription. DESIGN: A decomposed recipe study based on orthogonal test. SETTING: Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS: Five healthy adult New Zealand rabbits of either gender were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese medicine. The prescription herbal pieces were purchased from Foshan Kangpu Pharmaceuticals Company and Jianmin Pharmaceuticals Company, and were appraised by Professor Yanchen Xu from College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 3H-PAF was supplied by Amersham Co,Ltd.(Specific activity: 6.475 TBq/mmol;batch number:200402); PAF standard by Biomol Co., Ltd.(batch number: P1318V). METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September and December 2004. ①The seven influencing factors were selected: such as Shenghuangqi , Dangguiwei, Chishao, Dilong, Taoren, Honghua, Chuanxiong. Each factor was divided into two levels, selected or not selected. The tests were arranged according to L8 (27) orthogonal test table. ②The specific binding of 3H-PAF to its receptors in rabbits was measured by radioligand binding assay. The inhibitory rate of the specific binding was used as an assessing index. The inhibitory action of and on 3H-PAF to PAFR binding was analyzed and compared in vitro. The inhibitory action of each ingredient in the prescription BHD on 3H-PAF to PAFR binding was investigated and compared in vitro by direct analysis and analysis of variance of orthogonal test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect of 8 prescriptions for L8 (27) orthogonal test table on the specific binding inhibition rate of 3H-PAF and PAFR. RESULTS: According to results of variance analysis of orthogonal test, the inhibitory action of each ingredient in the prescription BHD on 3H-PAF to PAFR binding from the highest to the lowest was in turn Honghua, ShenghuangqL Taoren, Dilong, DangguiweL Chuanxiong, Chishao. Honghua, Shenghuangqi, Taoren, Dilong, Danguiwei were major influence factors to 3H-PAF to PAFR in rabbits (F = 187.829,144.446,59.521,5.018,4.265, P 〈 0.05- 0.01), but Chuanxiong and Chishao had not obviously inhibitory effect. The specific binding inhibition rate of prescriptions (except Shenghuangqi ) was obviously higher than that of one of prescriptions (Shenghuangqi included). CONCLUSION: The results of orthogonal test show that Honghua, ShenghuangqL Taoren, Dilong, Dangguiwei are major influencing factors to inhibit binding of sH-PAF to PAFR in rabbits, among which, Honghua is the strongest in ingredients of prescription BHD. The results also reveal that Shenghuangqi is able to weaken the inhibitory effect and to prevent the strong inhibitory effect of blood-activating drugs in BHD.展开更多
Graphene is a promising material as a lubricant additive for reducing friction and wear.Here,a dispersing method which combines chemical modification of graphene by octadecylamine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with a k...Graphene is a promising material as a lubricant additive for reducing friction and wear.Here,a dispersing method which combines chemical modification of graphene by octadecylamine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with a kind of effective dispersant has been successfully developed to achieve the remarkable dispersion stability of graphene in base oil.The stable dispersion time of modified graphene(0.5 wt%)with dispersant(1 wt%)in PAO-6 could be up to about 120 days,which was the longest time reported so far.At the same time,the lubricant exhibits a significant improvement of tribological performance for a steel ball to plate tribo-system with a normal load of 2 N.The coefficient of friction between sliding surfaces was~0.10 and the depth of wear track on plate was~21 nm,which decreased by about 44%and 90%when compared to pure PAO-6,respectively.Furthermore,the analysis of the lubricating mechanisms in regard to the sliding-induced formation of nanostructured tribo-film has been contacted by using Raman spectra and TEM.展开更多
Based on rural household survey data from Taibus Banner, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, this study separately categorizes agricul- tural land use intensity into labor intensity, capital intensity, the...Based on rural household survey data from Taibus Banner, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, this study separately categorizes agricul- tural land use intensity into labor intensity, capital intensity, the intensity of labor-saving inputs, and the intensity of yield-increasing inputs, and then analyzes their determinants at the household level. The findings reveal that within the study area: (1) labor intensity is higher and capital intensity is lower than in the major grain-producing and economically developed areas of eastern and central China; (2) the most widely planted crops are those with the lowest labor intensity (oats) and capital intensity (benne); (3) there are marked differences in agricultural land use intensity among households; a major factor affecting land use decision-making is the reduced need for labor intensity for those households with high opportunity costs, such as those with income earned from non-farming activities which alleviates financial constraints and allows for increased capital intensity. As a result, these households invest more in labor-saving inputs; (4) households with a larger number of workers will allocate adequate time to manage their land and thus they will not necessarily invest more in labor-saving inputs. Those households with more land to manage tend to adopt an extensive cultivation strategy. Total income has a positive impact on capital intensity and a negative impact on labor intensity. House- holds that derive a higher proportion of their total income through farming are more reliant upon agriculture, which necessitates significant labor and yield-increasing inputs. Finally, the authors contend that policy makers should clearly recognize the impacts of non-farming employment on agricultural land use intensity. In order to ensure long- term food security and sustainable agricultural develop-ment in China, income streams from both farming and non- farming employment should be balanced.展开更多
Using Fmoc solid phase synthesis and site-directed gene mutagenesis, two insulin analogues, [A13-14GABA,A21Ala] porcine insulin and [A3Thr] human insulin, have been prepared respectively, which retain high biological ...Using Fmoc solid phase synthesis and site-directed gene mutagenesis, two insulin analogues, [A13-14GABA,A21Ala] porcine insulin and [A3Thr] human insulin, have been prepared respectively, which retain high biological activities. The results show that non-coded y-amino butyric acid (GABA) could replace the dipeptide, Leu-Tyr, in A13-A14 of insulin and展开更多
The intersection of particular subgroups is a kind of interesting substructure in group theory. Let G be a finite group and D(G) be the intersection of the normalizers of the derived subgroups of all the subgroups of ...The intersection of particular subgroups is a kind of interesting substructure in group theory. Let G be a finite group and D(G) be the intersection of the normalizers of the derived subgroups of all the subgroups of G. A group G is called a D-group if G = D(G). In this paper, we determine the nilpotency class of the nilpotent residual G^(N) and investigate the structure of D(G) by a new concept called the IO-D-group. A non-D-group G is called an IO-D-group(inner-outer-D-group) if all of its proper subgroups and proper quotient groups are D-groups. The structure of IO-D-groups are described in detail in this paper. As an application of the classification of IO-D-groups, we prove that G is a D-group if and only if any subgroup of G generated by3 elements is a D-group.展开更多
Let G be a classical group over an arbitrary field F,acting on an n-dimensional F-space V=V(n,F).All those maximal subgroups of G are classified each of which normalizes a solvable subgroup N of GL(V/F)not lying in F^...Let G be a classical group over an arbitrary field F,acting on an n-dimensional F-space V=V(n,F).All those maximal subgroups of G are classified each of which normalizes a solvable subgroup N of GL(V/F)not lying in F^(*)1v.展开更多
Let p be a prime,P a finite p-group and F a Frobenius P-category.In[Existcnee,uniqueness and functoriality of the perfect locality over a Frobenius P-category,Algebra Colloq.23(2016)541-622],we claimed the uniqueness ...Let p be a prime,P a finite p-group and F a Frobenius P-category.In[Existcnee,uniqueness and functoriality of the perfect locality over a Frobenius P-category,Algebra Colloq.23(2016)541-622],we claimed the uniqueness of the partial perfect locality over any up-closed set X of J--selfcentralizing subgroups of P,but recently Bob Oliver exhibits some counter-cxamplcs,demanding some revision of our arguments.In this note we show that,up to replacing the perfect localities by the extendable perfect localities over any up-closed set X of J7-selfcentralizing subgroups of P,our arguments are correct,still proving the existence and the uniqueness of the perfect J730-locality,since it is extendable.We take advantage of this revision to simplify some of our arguments.展开更多
In this short note we prove that the finite non-abelian simple groups PSL(2,q),where g=5,7,are determincd by their posets of classes of isomorphic subgroups.Several interesting open problems are also formulated.
In this paper we study the homology and cohomology groups of the super Schrodinger algebra S(1/1)in(1+l)-dimensional spacetime.We explicitly compute the homology groups of S(1/1)with coefficients in the trivial module...In this paper we study the homology and cohomology groups of the super Schrodinger algebra S(1/1)in(1+l)-dimensional spacetime.We explicitly compute the homology groups of S(1/1)with coefficients in the trivial module.Then using duality,we finally obtain the dimensions of the cohomology groups of S(1/1)with coefficients in the trivial module.展开更多
Dear Editor, Grana thylakoids in plants comprise multiple, tightly appressed thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast, which greatly increase the area-to-volume ratio and significantly improve the ability of chloroplast...Dear Editor, Grana thylakoids in plants comprise multiple, tightly appressed thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast, which greatly increase the area-to-volume ratio and significantly improve the ability of chloroplasts to capture light. Grana layers are stacked and interact through the stromal surface of proteins embedded in the grana membranes,展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial"211 Engineering"Stage-III Key Disciplines Construction Project in China,No.Yue 2009431
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of filiform needle acupuncture for poststroke depression, and to compare acupuncture with the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs. DATA RETRIEVAL: We retrieved data from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (1979-2012), Wanfang (1980-2012), VIP (1989-2012), Chinese Biomedical Literature (1975- 2012), PubMed (1966-2012), Ovid Lww (-2012), and Cochrane Library (-2012) Database using the internet. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials on filiform needle acupuncture versus antidepressant drugs for treatment of poststroke depression were included. Moreover, the in- cluded articles scored at least 4 points on the Jadad scale. Exclusion criteria: other acupuncture therapies as treatment group, not stroke-induced depression patients, score 〈 4 points, non-ran- domized controlled trials, or animal trials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: These were the Hamilton Depression Scale scores, clinical ef- fective rate, Self-Rating Depression Scale scores, Side Effect Rating Scale scores, and incidence of adverse reaction and events. RESULTS: A total of 17 randomized controlled clinical trials were included. Meta-analysis results displayed that after 4 weeks of treatment, clinical effective rate was better in patients treated with fill- form needle acupuncture than those treated with simple antidepressant drugs [relative risk = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (C/): 1.03-1.21, P = 0.01]. At 6 weeks, clinical effective rate was similar between filiform needle acupuncture and antidepressant drug groups. At 2 weeks after filiform needle acupuncture, Hamilton Depression Scale (17 items) scores were lower than in the antide- pressant drug group (mean difference = -2.34, 95%CI: -3.46 to -1.22, P 〈 0.000,1). At 4 weeks, Hamilton Depression Scale (24 items) scores were similar between filiform needle acupuncture and antidepressant drug groups. Self-Rating Depression Scale scores were lower in filiform needle acupuncture group than in the antidepressant drug group. Side Effect Rating Scale was used in only two articles, and no meta-analysis was conducted. Safety evaluation of the 17 arti- cles showed that gastrointestinal tract reactions such as nausea and vomiting were very common in the antidepressant drug group. Incidence of adverse reaction and events was very low in the filiform needle acupuncture group. CONCLUSION: Early filiform needle acupuncture for poststroke depression can perfectly con- trol depression. Filiform needle acupuncture is safe and reliable. Therapeutic effects of filiform needle acupuncture were better than those of antidepressant drugs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41701209,41501095,41601198)
文摘The carbon cycle of forest ecosystems plays a key role in regulating CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Research on carbon storage estimation of forest ecosystems has become a major research topic. However, carbon budgets of subtropical forest ecosystems have received little attention. Reports of soil carbon storage and topographic heterogeneity of carbon storage are limited. This study focused on the Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve as an example of a mid-subtropical forest and evaluated soil and vegetation carbon storage by field sampling combined with GIS, RS and GPS technology. We classified the forest into nine forest types using ALOS high-resolution remote sensing images. The evergreen broad-leaved forest has the largest area, occupying 26.5% of the total area, followed by coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and warm temperate coniferous forest, occupying 24.2 and 22.9%, respectively. The vegetation and soil carbon storage of the whole forest ecosystem were 1,692,344 and 5,514,707 t, with a carbon density of 7.4 and 24.2 kg/m^2, respectively, which suggests that the ecosystem has great carbon storage capacity. The topographic heterogeneity of the carbon storage was also analysed. The largest vegetation storage and soil storage is at 700–800 and 1000–1100 m, respectively. The vegetation carbon storage is highest in the southeast, south and southwest.
基金the grants from Guangdong Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.401007
文摘BACKGROUND: Previously, time data were analyzed by using constituent ratio or relative ratio; however, circular statistical analysis could exactly provide average peak phase of diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of solar term peak with onset and death of acute ischemic stroke. DESIGN: Retrospective case analysis. SETTINGS: Emergency Department of Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Science and Education, the Second People's Hospital of Foshan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1 597 patients with acute ischemic stroke were selected from Emergency Room, Department of Neurology, Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 1994 to 2002. There were 875 males and 722 females, and their ages ranged from 33 to 97 years. All cases met the diagnostic criteria of acute cerebral infarction modified by the Second National Cerebrovascular Disease Academic Meeting; meanwhile, they were diagnosed with CT/MRI test. Patients and their relatives provided the confirmed consent. METHODS: Solar term of onset was retrospectively analyzed in 1 597 patients with acute ischemic stroke; among them, solar term of death in 90 cases were analyzed by using circular statistical analysis to calculate peak phase of onset and death of acute ischemic stroke and investigate the correlation of solar term with onset and death of acute ischemic stroke. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Onset and death time of patients with acute ischemic stroke. RESULTS: Solar term of onset in 1 597 patients, especially solar term of death in 90 patients, was not concentrated (P 〉 0.05), and specific peak phase was not found out. Acute ischemic stroke low attacked from vernal equinox to summer begins, but death caused by acute ischemic stroke high attacked from grain buds to autumn begins. CONCLUSION: Patients with acute ischemic stroke do not have specific solar term peak of onset and death.
基金The National Key Technology Research and Development ProgramExternal Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number GJHZ0954]+1 种基金National Basic Research Program of China[grant number 2005CB422006]National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 40901057]
文摘The main objective of this study is to simulate the potential vegetation types on the basis of environmental parameters.The paper took Barkam County in a mountainous region of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau as the study area.The vegetation distribution was mapped in 1994 and 2007 based on TM remote sensing images by object-oriented interpretation method.We overlaid the two maps to find out the vegetation patches which have not changed,and took them as stable types.Fifty per cent of the stable patches were randomly sampled to operate the logistic regression with related environmental parameters;others were used as test data of simulated results.Seven environmental parameters were mapped,including elevation,slope,aspect,surface curvature,solar radiation,temperature and precipitation,based on DEM data and meteorological site data by GIS technology.The relationship between the spatial distribution of vegetation and environmental variables were quantified by logistic regression.The distribution probabilities of each vegetation type were calculated.Finally,the spatial distribution of potential vegetation was simulated.This research can provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecological construction in this area.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 40971062]
文摘Using rural survey data for the year 2009,we provide evidence of work choices of rural laborers in ecologically vulnerable areas in North China,and model these choices as a function of characteristics of individuals,households,and land endowments.The findings reveal large differences between males and females,and between non-farm employment and part-time farming engagement Land scarcity is still an important driving factor in non-farming participation of rural laborers in the study area;and in the current case of land productivity and the total amount of land,there are still surplus rural labor forces in the study area.Diversification of livelihood reduces the pressure on land,thus facilitating ecosystem conservation.So,the paper concludes with the argument that establishing coordination mechanisms among non-farm employment of rural laborers,agricultural production,and restoration of ecosystems are essential for mitigating the conflicts of ecological security,agricultural production,and rural development in mis area.
基金the Grant from Scientific Planning Program of Guangdong Province, No.2004B36001009Scientific Research Funds of Guangdong Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.30002+1 种基金Scientific Development Planning Funds of Foshan City, No.200124 Medical Scientific Research Program of Foshan City, No.2000096
文摘BACKGROUND: Pharmacologic action of traditional Chinese medicine compound is the comprehensive effect of various ingredients, and the interactions of various ingredients are closely correlated with the final effect. In order to reveal the compatibility mechanism of buyang huanwu decoction (BHD)'s prescription in treating and preventing ischemic cerebrovascular disease, we need to explore the effect and relation of ingredients in prescription except for considering the effect of each ingredient on the whole prescription. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of BHD and its ingredients in the prescription on the specific binding of 3H-platelet activating factor (PAF) to its receptor (PAFR)in rabbits in vitro, and to analyze the action of each ingredient in the prescription. DESIGN: A decomposed recipe study based on orthogonal test. SETTING: Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS: Five healthy adult New Zealand rabbits of either gender were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese medicine. The prescription herbal pieces were purchased from Foshan Kangpu Pharmaceuticals Company and Jianmin Pharmaceuticals Company, and were appraised by Professor Yanchen Xu from College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 3H-PAF was supplied by Amersham Co,Ltd.(Specific activity: 6.475 TBq/mmol;batch number:200402); PAF standard by Biomol Co., Ltd.(batch number: P1318V). METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September and December 2004. ①The seven influencing factors were selected: such as Shenghuangqi , Dangguiwei, Chishao, Dilong, Taoren, Honghua, Chuanxiong. Each factor was divided into two levels, selected or not selected. The tests were arranged according to L8 (27) orthogonal test table. ②The specific binding of 3H-PAF to its receptors in rabbits was measured by radioligand binding assay. The inhibitory rate of the specific binding was used as an assessing index. The inhibitory action of and on 3H-PAF to PAFR binding was analyzed and compared in vitro. The inhibitory action of each ingredient in the prescription BHD on 3H-PAF to PAFR binding was investigated and compared in vitro by direct analysis and analysis of variance of orthogonal test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect of 8 prescriptions for L8 (27) orthogonal test table on the specific binding inhibition rate of 3H-PAF and PAFR. RESULTS: According to results of variance analysis of orthogonal test, the inhibitory action of each ingredient in the prescription BHD on 3H-PAF to PAFR binding from the highest to the lowest was in turn Honghua, ShenghuangqL Taoren, Dilong, DangguiweL Chuanxiong, Chishao. Honghua, Shenghuangqi, Taoren, Dilong, Danguiwei were major influence factors to 3H-PAF to PAFR in rabbits (F = 187.829,144.446,59.521,5.018,4.265, P 〈 0.05- 0.01), but Chuanxiong and Chishao had not obviously inhibitory effect. The specific binding inhibition rate of prescriptions (except Shenghuangqi ) was obviously higher than that of one of prescriptions (Shenghuangqi included). CONCLUSION: The results of orthogonal test show that Honghua, ShenghuangqL Taoren, Dilong, Dangguiwei are major influencing factors to inhibit binding of sH-PAF to PAFR in rabbits, among which, Honghua is the strongest in ingredients of prescription BHD. The results also reveal that Shenghuangqi is able to weaken the inhibitory effect and to prevent the strong inhibitory effect of blood-activating drugs in BHD.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51527901 and 51335005)。
文摘Graphene is a promising material as a lubricant additive for reducing friction and wear.Here,a dispersing method which combines chemical modification of graphene by octadecylamine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with a kind of effective dispersant has been successfully developed to achieve the remarkable dispersion stability of graphene in base oil.The stable dispersion time of modified graphene(0.5 wt%)with dispersant(1 wt%)in PAO-6 could be up to about 120 days,which was the longest time reported so far.At the same time,the lubricant exhibits a significant improvement of tribological performance for a steel ball to plate tribo-system with a normal load of 2 N.The coefficient of friction between sliding surfaces was~0.10 and the depth of wear track on plate was~21 nm,which decreased by about 44%and 90%when compared to pure PAO-6,respectively.Furthermore,the analysis of the lubricating mechanisms in regard to the sliding-induced formation of nanostructured tribo-film has been contacted by using Raman spectra and TEM.
文摘Based on rural household survey data from Taibus Banner, in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, this study separately categorizes agricul- tural land use intensity into labor intensity, capital intensity, the intensity of labor-saving inputs, and the intensity of yield-increasing inputs, and then analyzes their determinants at the household level. The findings reveal that within the study area: (1) labor intensity is higher and capital intensity is lower than in the major grain-producing and economically developed areas of eastern and central China; (2) the most widely planted crops are those with the lowest labor intensity (oats) and capital intensity (benne); (3) there are marked differences in agricultural land use intensity among households; a major factor affecting land use decision-making is the reduced need for labor intensity for those households with high opportunity costs, such as those with income earned from non-farming activities which alleviates financial constraints and allows for increased capital intensity. As a result, these households invest more in labor-saving inputs; (4) households with a larger number of workers will allocate adequate time to manage their land and thus they will not necessarily invest more in labor-saving inputs. Those households with more land to manage tend to adopt an extensive cultivation strategy. Total income has a positive impact on capital intensity and a negative impact on labor intensity. House- holds that derive a higher proportion of their total income through farming are more reliant upon agriculture, which necessitates significant labor and yield-increasing inputs. Finally, the authors contend that policy makers should clearly recognize the impacts of non-farming employment on agricultural land use intensity. In order to ensure long- term food security and sustainable agricultural develop-ment in China, income streams from both farming and non- farming employment should be balanced.
基金We thank the staff of beamline 17U at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility for technical support during data collection and Y. Y. Chen for help with the ITC assay. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30900230 and 31021062) and the National Basic Research Pro- gram (973 Program) (No. 2011CBA00902). Hongmei Zhang, Mei Li, Yu Gao, Chenjun Jia, Xiaowei Pan, Peng Cao, Xuelin Zhao, Jiping Zhang, and Wenrui Chang declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by the any of the authors.
文摘Using Fmoc solid phase synthesis and site-directed gene mutagenesis, two insulin analogues, [A13-14GABA,A21Ala] porcine insulin and [A3Thr] human insulin, have been prepared respectively, which retain high biological activities. The results show that non-coded y-amino butyric acid (GABA) could replace the dipeptide, Leu-Tyr, in A13-A14 of insulin and
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11631001 and 12071181)。
文摘The intersection of particular subgroups is a kind of interesting substructure in group theory. Let G be a finite group and D(G) be the intersection of the normalizers of the derived subgroups of all the subgroups of G. A group G is called a D-group if G = D(G). In this paper, we determine the nilpotency class of the nilpotent residual G^(N) and investigate the structure of D(G) by a new concept called the IO-D-group. A non-D-group G is called an IO-D-group(inner-outer-D-group) if all of its proper subgroups and proper quotient groups are D-groups. The structure of IO-D-groups are described in detail in this paper. As an application of the classification of IO-D-groups, we prove that G is a D-group if and only if any subgroup of G generated by3 elements is a D-group.
基金funded by Scientific Research Project of Beijing Educational Committee(No.KM202110028004).
文摘Let G be a classical group over an arbitrary field F,acting on an n-dimensional F-space V=V(n,F).All those maximal subgroups of G are classified each of which normalizes a solvable subgroup N of GL(V/F)not lying in F^(*)1v.
文摘Let p be a prime,P a finite p-group and F a Frobenius P-category.In[Existcnee,uniqueness and functoriality of the perfect locality over a Frobenius P-category,Algebra Colloq.23(2016)541-622],we claimed the uniqueness of the partial perfect locality over any up-closed set X of J--selfcentralizing subgroups of P,but recently Bob Oliver exhibits some counter-cxamplcs,demanding some revision of our arguments.In this note we show that,up to replacing the perfect localities by the extendable perfect localities over any up-closed set X of J7-selfcentralizing subgroups of P,our arguments are correct,still proving the existence and the uniqueness of the perfect J730-locality,since it is extendable.We take advantage of this revision to simplify some of our arguments.
文摘In this short note we prove that the finite non-abelian simple groups PSL(2,q),where g=5,7,are determincd by their posets of classes of isomorphic subgroups.Several interesting open problems are also formulated.
文摘In this paper we study the homology and cohomology groups of the super Schrodinger algebra S(1/1)in(1+l)-dimensional spacetime.We explicitly compute the homology groups of S(1/1)with coefficients in the trivial module.Then using duality,we finally obtain the dimensions of the cohomology groups of S(1/1)with coefficients in the trivial module.
文摘Dear Editor, Grana thylakoids in plants comprise multiple, tightly appressed thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast, which greatly increase the area-to-volume ratio and significantly improve the ability of chloroplasts to capture light. Grana layers are stacked and interact through the stromal surface of proteins embedded in the grana membranes,