The type, position and age effect on the cutting reproduction of Picea crassifolia and its rooting mechanism in the Qilian Mountains

Picea crassifolia Kom, a perennial arbor spe- cies is recognized as one of the most adaptable plants found to date in Qilian Mountains. To explore the cutting reproduction technology of P. crassifolia and reveal its rooting mechanism, cuttings of P. crassifolia with different cutting types （softwood, hardwood and root）, positions （top, upper, middle and bottom） and ages （7, 10, 15, 20, 25 year-old） were cultivated in a field experiment. One- year old softwood and hardwood cuttings were collected from 7-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25 year-old healthy ortets to analyze the changes from endogenous hormones and organic nutrients. Results indicate that the softwood cut- tings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old ortets shows better growth performance by improving rooting indexes, including a significant increasein rooting rate and a decrease in basal rot rate. Concomi- tantly, increasing rooting quantity and root length also increased. It is noteworthy that the high rooting rate of P. crassifolia cuttings due to its ability to accumulate high concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and total carbon （TC） rather than abscisic acid （ABA） and total nitrogen （TN）. The rooting rate was mainly regulated by the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio. In summary, our results suggest that the softwood cuttings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old P. crassifolia can be considered as an effective strategy to improve cutting rooting rate, and the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio was one of the main factors limiting the cutting rooting rate of P. crassifolia.

Simultaneous Denitrification and Carbon Removal in Microbial Fuel Cells

In this article,microbial fuel cell( MFC) was used for simultaneous denitrification and carbon removal to ascertain their electricity generation performance. The results showed that strengthening domestication and enrichment of electrogenic bacteria had the best start-up effect. An increase in volumetric loading reduced the rate of pollutant removal but promoted the output voltage. The changes of working conditions such as influent concentration,sludge concentration and temperature had a great influence on the electricity generation performance of MFC,and their optimum values were 500 mg/L,2 000 mg/L and 35℃,respectively.

Application of New Modified Bentonite in Decolorization of Simulated Printing and Dyeing Wastewater

The problem of colority control of printing and dyeing wastewater has become a technical problem that plagues related companies.Bentonite is an adsorbent with excellent properties.Modification of bentonite with environmentally friendly substances can improve its decolorization performance.In this experiment,the simulated printing and dyeing wastewater was taken as the control object,and the bentonite was modified with environmentally friendly materials such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)and lignin to prepare a new modified bentonite;then the modified bentonite was used to adsorb the simulated wastewater to reduce the water colority and COD;finally the relevant design of the adsorption process was made.Results indicate that M lignin∶M CMC∶M original bentonite=1∶2∶97 had the optimum treatment effect,the optimum modification temperature was 30℃ and the modification time was 4 h;the optimum conditions for the adsorption process were:pH=5,temperature=30℃,reaction time=60 min,dosage=0.05 g of modified bentonite/mL simulated dye solution.The final removal rate of colority and COD reached 95.0% and 98.2%,respectively.Compared with the original bentonite,this new modified bentonite has greater adsorption capacity and thus has greater application value.

Microbial Fuel Cell Technique for Environment Monitoring

The increasingly serious environment pollution has put forward higher and higher requirement for environment monitoring technique,and conventional environment monitoring methods could not satisfy the requirements from industrial development. Microbial fuel cells( MFCs) could be used for online BOD monitoring,toxicity detection,microbial activity detection and microbial quantity detection,and as power sources for environment monitoring sensors. The technique has the advantages of simple and rapid operation,high sensitivity and good reproducibility,and serve is capable of performing online in-situ monitoring. It is the newest environment monitoring technique,with a broad application prospect. In this paper,the studies and application of MFCs in environment monitoring field were reviewed,and main existing problems were analyzed,so as to provide reference for future study.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Xixi Watershed of Jinjiang Basin

The SWAT model was applied to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution patterns of non-point source pollution loads and the difference of pollution loads of different land use types in Xixi Watershed of Jinjiang Basin. The results showed that both yearly nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads were evenly distributed during 1973 to 1979,the annual TN pollution from non-point source was 1530 t,or 6. 3 kg / ha,and the annual TP pollution from non-point source was 270 t,or 1. 1 kg / ha during 1973 to 1979 in the watershed. Considerable differences were identified on both monthly nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads. The TN and TP pollution loads during the flood season( from April to September) accounted for 76. 2% and 75. 8% of the annual load respectively. There were great differences in both TN and TP pollution loads of different land use types in the study area,and the pollution load of both farmland and orchard was higher than that of the other land use types. TN and TP pollution loads of farmland accounted for 66% and 83% of total watershed. There was a great spatial difference in the nonpoint source pollution load of the study area. The critical source areas of non-point source pollution are mainly located at Guanqiao Town,Longmen Town,Changkeng Town,Shangqing Town and Dapu Town,where the efforts of controlling pollution should be made.

Study on Performance and Influencing Factors of H2O2 Production by Bioelectrochemical System

This study used a bioelectrochemical system (BES) to produce H2O2.Seven cycles after the addition of microorganisms,the BES started successfully and entered a stable operation period.During stable operation,the voltage was 581 mV,the COD removal efficiency at the anode was 85.39%,and the H 2O 2 mass concentration at the cathode was 0.5%.After the addition of 10% of graphite particles in the reaction chamber,the H2O2 production increased by 13%.After loading Pt-containing carbon black catalyst on the cathode,the H2O2 production increased by 34%.The mass concentration of H2O2 was 0.67% under the optimum process conditions of a cathode loaded with Pt-containing carbon black catalyst,pH=7,and dissolved oxygen of 8 mg/L.

Design and Optimization of Planting Process Parameters for 2ZYX-2 Type Green Onion Ditching and Transplanting Machine

Considering the current low level of mechanization for domestic green onion planting and the high labor intensity of artificial planting,a 2ZYX-2 green onion ditching and transplanting machine,which can complete ditching,ridging,transplanting,repression,soil covering and other operations,is designed in this study.The Central Composite test design method was carried out with the speed of the transplanting machine,the depth of the opener and the horizontal position of the opener as the experimental factors and with the qualification ratio of perpendicularity,the variation coefficient of the plant spacing and the qualification ratio of the planting depth as the test index.Through the analysis of the model interaction and response surface,the change laws that the influence the machine’s forward speed,the depth of the opener and the horizontal position of the opener were studied.The regression model was optimized by Design-Expert 8.0.6 software,and the accuracy of the predicted results was verified by experiments.The optimal working parameters showed that the forward speed of the machine was 0.06 m/s,the depth of the opener was 102 mm,and the horizontal position of the opener was 29 mm.Under conditions of optimal working parameters,the qualification rate of the verticality was 86.83%,the coefficient of variation for the plant spacing was 2.77,and the pass rate of planting depth was 88.26%.The research related to the thesis can provide a reference for the mechanized planting of green onion,which is of great significance to the cost-effectiveness of the green onion industry.

Characteristic analysis and forecast of electricity supply and demand in APEC

The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)comprises of the world’s largest producers and consumers of energy,accounting for 60.3%of primary energy supply,50.0%of final energy consumption,and 63.0%of electricity generation worldwide in 2016.This study discusses the primary energy supply and final energy consumption situation of the APEC and analyzes the characteristics of electricity in terms of its generation structure based on fuel,consumption by the end-use sector,access to electricity,and so on.The renewable energy and electricity generation projections up to 2030 based on trends in the APEC are also assessed.It is seen that electricity in final energy consumption has been on an upward trend,with an average annual growth rate of about 4.8%during 2006–2016,in 2016,its share reached 24.3%.The industry sector consumes the largest share of electricity,accounting for about 45.5%in 2016.Coal supply and consumption peaked in 2011 and then began to decline,while renewable energy has been on an upward trend,with its primary energy supply share increasing from 4.80%in 2010 to 6.29%in 2016.Solar photovoltaic and onshore wind power are on the verge of costing less than the operating cost of existing coal-fired plants in 2018.In the APEC’s target scenario in which renewable energy is doubled,the predicted net growth from 2017 to 2030 of solar,wind,and hydro power is about 963,497,and 157 GW,respectively,and to reach this target,the APEC economies need to accelerate renewable energy development.

Thickness dependence of microstructure and properties in Be2C coatings as a promising ablation material

Beryllium carbide(Be2C)thin films have proven to be promising ablation materials,but the properties of Be2C coatings of the greater thickness required for inertial confinement fusion capsules are still unknown.In this work,Be2Ccoatings of various thicknesses(0.3–32.9μm)are prepared byDC reactive magnetron sputtering.The influence of thickness on crystal properties,microstructure,and optical properties is investigated.The results indicate that the crystallinity of polycrystalline Be2C films improves with increasing thickness,while the grain size(∼5 nm)and texture properties(without a preferred orientation)have only a weak dependence on thickness.Auniform featureless microstructure and smooth surface(root mean square roughness∼8 nm)are observed even in thick(32.9μm)films,despite the presence of defects induced by contaminants.High densities(2.19–2.31 g/cm3)and high deposition rates(∼270 nm/h)are realized,with the latter corresponding to the upper limit for the fabrication of Be2Ccoatings by magnetron sputtering.The transmittance of the films in the near-infrared region remains at a high level(>80%)and has only a weak dependence on thickness,while the transmittance in the visible region decreases with increasing thickness.In addition,the optical bandgap is estimated to be about 1.9 eV and decreases with increasing thickness owing to the presence of defects.

An Extremely Effective and Safe Approach of Guiding Catheter Crossing over Spasmodic Radial or (and) Brachial Artery in Patients Whose Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Was Undergone via Radial Artery Access

Objective: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via the radial artery access has more advantages than that of femoral artery access, while radial or (and) brachial artery have tendency to be spasmodic. We sought to investigate the effectiveness and safety of guiding catheter crossing over spasmodic radial or (and) brachial artery segments by the aid of PCI wire and balloon compared with traditional anti-spasmodic approach. Methods: The clinical data of 168 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (group A), whose PCI was performed via radial artery access with radial or (and) brachial artery spasm or (and) dissection and guiding catheter passing through spasmodic segments successfully by the aid of PCI guiding wire and balloon were analyzed retrospectively, simultaneously, the other 73 patients (group B) who used conventional approach to cross over the spasmodic radial or (and) brachial artery segments were treated as the control. The success rate, the time consumption and the complication were compared between the two groups. Findings: There was no significant difference in the spasmodic site between the two groups (all p value > 0.05). The success rate in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (168(100%) vs 28 (38.4%), p (4.2%) vs 14 (19.2%), p Conclusions: It is more effective and safer for guiding catheter crossing over spasmodic or (and) dissected radial or (and) brachial artery segments by the aid of PCI guiding wire and balloon than using the routine approach of administration of anti-spasm drugs for trans-radial PCI.

Clean Conversion of Biomass Energy by Bio-electrochemical System

Biomass energy is an important constituent of the world＇s future sustainable energy source system, but current biomass energy conversion techniques have low efficiency and cause secondary pollution to environment easily. Bio-eleetrochemical system （BES） appeared in recent years could realize the clean efficient con- version of biomass energy, and has become a research hotspot in the biomass energy field. In this study, the research and application of BES in biomass energy con- version were overviewed, and the existing problems were analyzed.

Adsorption Properties of Poplar Leaves Treated by Different Modification Treatment Methods to Methylene Blue

Poplar leaves were used as adsorbents to adsorb methylene blue. Through comparing the methods of acid modification,alkali modification and thermal modification methods, the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of the acid modified poplar leaves reached342. 3 mg/g. In other words,the adsorption capacity of poplar leaves treated by acid modification method was the maximum. At the temperature of about 30-50℃ and the pH of 3,the poplar leaf adsorption modification had the best effect.

A Study of Adsorption of Modified Corn Stalk on PCP

The comprehensive utilization of corn stalks is an urgent agricultural and environmental problem to be solved in China.In this test,we use corn stalk as adsorbent for adsorption of PCP in water,and compare the impact of three modification methods(alkali treatment,pyrolysis,graft copolymerization) on corn stalk adsorption properties.Results show that the modified corn stalk's adsorption of PCP is increased from 5.4 mg/g to 13.9 mg/g,17.8 mg/g and 22.5 mg/g,respectively; the corn stalk after graft copolymerization and modification has the greatest adsorption capacity; after modification,both the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate constant of corn stalk on PCP are increased significantly.

<i>In Vitro</i>Corrosion and Bioactivity Study of Surface Phytic Acid Modified AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

The purpose of the present work was to examine in vitro corrosion and bioactivity of surface phytic acid treatment AZ31 magnesium alloys. Untreated AZ31 magnesium alloys were used as control. The surface morphologies of magnesium alloys were observed by SEM. EDS was used to analyze the surface chemical elemental compositions and elemental concentration distribution. Corrosion properties were evaluated by electrochemical tests. Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were used to examine cell viability and proliferation. The results showed that surface phytic acid treatment resulted in a surface coating formation, which did not significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the alloys. The corrosion potential of AZ31 magnesium alloy positive shifted only about 0.04 V (from -1.50 V to -1.46 V);and the corrosion current decreased only 0.354 mA/cm2 (from 2.547 × 10-3 mA/cm2 to 2.193 × 10-3 mA/cm2). However, the cell analysis showed that this coating induced obviously higher MG-63 cell viability and proliferation, and displayed good surface bioactivity.

On-Chip Sub-Picometer Continuous Wavelength Fiber-Bragg-Grating Interrogator

Miniaturized fiber-Bragg-grating(FBG)interrogators are of interest for applications in the areas where weight and size controlling is important,e.g.,airplanes and aerospace or in-situ monitoring.An ultra-compact high-precision on-chip interrogator is proposed based on a tailored arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)on a silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform.The on-chip interrogator enables continuous wavelength interrogation from 1544 nm to 1568 nm with the wavelength accuracy of less than 1 pm[the root-mean-square error(RMSE)is 0.73 pm]over the whole wavelength range.The chip loss is less than 5 dB.The 1×16 AWG is optimized to achieve a large bandwidth and a low noise level at each channel,and the FBG reflection peaks can be detected by multiple output channels of the AWG.The fabricated AWG is utilized to interrogate FBG sensors through the center of gravity(CoG)algorithm.The validation of an on-chip FBG interrogator that works with sub-picometer wavelength accuracy in a broad wavelength range shows large potential for applications in miniaturized fiber optic sensing systems.

Fault diagnosis of bearings based on deep separable convolutional neural network and spatial dropout

Bearing pitting,one of the common faults in mechanical systems,is a research hotspot in both academia and industry.Traditional fault diagnosis methods for bearings are based on manual experience with low diagnostic efficiency.This study proposes a novel bearing fault diagnosis method based on deep separable convolution and spatial dropout regularization.Deep separable convolution extracts features from the raw bearing vibration signals,during which a 3×1 convolutional kernel with a one-step size selects effective features by adjusting its weights.The similarity pruning process of the channel convolution and point convolution can reduce the number of parameters and calculation quantities by evaluating the size of the weights and removing the feature maps of smaller weights.The spatial dropout regularization method focuses on bearing signal fault features,improving the independence between the bearing signal features and enhancing the robustness of the model.A batch normalization algorithm is added to the convolutional layer for gradient explosion control and network stability improvement.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,we collect raw vibration signals from bearings in eight different health states.The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively distinguish different pitting faults in the bearings with a better accuracy than that of other typical deep learning methods.

Steroid receptor coactivator-1:The central intermediator linking multiple signals and functions in the brain and spinal cord

The effects of steroid hormones are believed to be mediated by their nuclear receptors(NRs).The p160 coactivator family,including steroid receptor coactivator-1(SRC-1),2 and 3,has been shown to physically interact with NRs to enhance their transactivational activities.Among which SRC-1 has been predominantly localized in the central nervous system including brain and spinal cord.It is not only localized in neurons but also detectable in neuroglial cells(mainly localized in the nuclei but also detectable in the extra-nuclear components).Although the expression of SRC-1 is regulated by many steroids,it is also regulated by some non-steroidal factors such as injury,sound and light.Functionally,SRC-1 has been implied in normal function such as development and ageing,learning and memory,central regulation on reproductive behaviors,motor and food intake.Pathologically,SRC-1 may play a role in the regulation of neuropsychiatric disorders(including stress,depression,anxiety,and autism spectrum disorder),metabolite homeostasis and obesity as well as tumorigenesis.Under most conditions,the related mechanisms are far from elucidation;although it may regulate spatial memory through Rictor/mTORC2-actin polymerization related synaptic plasticity.Several inhibitors and stimulator of SRC-1 have shown anti-cancer potentials,but whether these small molecules could be used to modulate ageing and central disorder related neuropathology remain unclear.Therefore,to elucidate when and how SRC-1 is turned on and off under different stimuli is very interesting and great challenge for neuroscientists.

An investigation progress toward Be-based ablator materials for the inertial confinement fusion

The Be-based materials with many particular properties lead to an important research subject. The investigation progresses in the fabrication technologies are introduced here, including main three kinds of Be-based materials, such as Be–Cu capsule, Be_2C ablator and high-purity Be material. Compared with the pioneer workgroup on Be-based materials,the differences in Be–Cu target fabrication were described, and a grain refinement technique by an active hydrogen reaction for Be coating was proposed uniquely. Be_2C coatings were first prepared by the DC reactive magnetron sputtering with a high deposition rate(~300 nm/h). Pure polycrystalline Be_2C films with uniform microstructures,smooth surface, high density(~2.2 g · cm^3) and good optical transparency were fabricated. In addition, the high-purity Be materials with metal impurities in a ppm magnitude were fabricated by the pyrolysis of organometallic Be.

Investigation and analysis of psychological stress among non-severe COVID-19 patients

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak continues to spread rapidly around the world.By the end of 2020,there have been nearly 80 million confirmed cases and over 1.7 million deaths associated with COVID-19 globally(https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019),with an estimated mortality rate of 0.03%–40%(Wiersinga et al.,2020).Noticeably,the COVID-19 is predicted to threaten millions of people throughout the world in the coming months and years.