Facile suspension culture protocol of the liver biliary organoids

Introduction Why do we focus on human liver biliary organoids?The three-dimensional(3D)organoid approach is emerging as a powerful tool for basic study and biomedical applications due to its excellent recapitulation of the structure and functions of the primary tissues[1-3].Liver biliary organoids are derived from the biliary tree,which includes the intrahepatic bile duct(IHBD)and extrahepatic bile duct(EHBD).

A robust bifunctional catalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries:Ultrathin NiFe-LDH nanowalls vertically anchored on soybeanderived Fe-N-C matrix

ABSTRACT NiFe layered double hydroxide(NiFe-LDH)nanosheets and metal-nitrogen-carbon materials(M-N-C,M=Ni,Fe,Co,etc.)are supreme catalysts in the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)process,respectively.Nevertheless,the monotonic performance and insufficient stability severely hamper their practical application in rechargeable batteries.Herein,we simultaneously combine ultrathin NiFe-LDH nanowalls with renewable soybean-derived Fe-N-C matrix to obtain a hybrid materials(NiFe-LDH/FeSoy-CNSs-A),which exhibits robust catalytic activities for OER(E_(j=10)=1.53 V vs.RHE)and ORR(E_(1/2)=0.91 V vs.RHE),with a top-notch battery parameters and stability in assembled rechargeable Zn-air batteries.Intensive investigations indicate that the vertically dispersed NiFe-LDH nanosheets,Fe-N-C matrix derived from soybean and the strong synergy between them are responsible for the unprecedented OER and ORR performances.The key role of intrinsic N defects involved in the hybrid materials is firstly specified by ultrasoundassisted extraction of soy protein from soybean.The exquisite design can facilitate the utilization of sustainable biomass-derived catalysts,and the mechanism investigations of N defects and oxygenic groups on the structure-activity relationship can stimulate the progress of other functional hybrid electrocatalysts.

Modeling hepatoblastoma development with human fetal liver organoids reveals YAP1 activation is sufficient for tumorigenesis

Dear Editor,Hepatoblastoma(HB)is a predominant hepatic neoplasm that develops in children from 0 to 4 years of age at the rate of 2.16 per 1,000,000.It originates from abnormal differentiation of hepatocyte precursors(hepatoblasts)during embryogenesis(Sumazin et al.,2017).Approximately 20%of children with HB have metastasis in lung at diagnosis,which indicates poor prognosis(Angelico et al.,2019).While surgery in combination of chemotherapy and/or metastasectomy is the most popular therapy,relapse happens in a significant portion of HB patients(Zhang et al.,2021).Therefore,novel and less aggressive therapies targeting the pathogenesis of HB should be explored to prolong patients’s disease-free survival as well as to improve their quality of life.