Antimony sulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))is an appealing semiconductor as light absorber for solar cells due to its high absorption coefficient,appropriate band gap(~1.7 e V)and abundance of constituent elements.However,power con...Antimony sulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))is an appealing semiconductor as light absorber for solar cells due to its high absorption coefficient,appropriate band gap(~1.7 e V)and abundance of constituent elements.However,power conversion efficiency(PCE)of Sb_(2)S_(3)-based solar cells still lags much behind the theoretically predicted due to the imperfect energy level alignment at the charge transporting layer/Sb_(2)S_(3)interfaces and hence severe charge recombination.Herein,we insert a high-temperature sintered magnesium(Mg)-doped tin oxide(SnO_(2))layer between cadmium sulfide(Cd S)and fuorine doped tin oxide to form a cascaded energy level alignment and thus mitigate interfacial charge recombination.Simultaneously,the inserted Mg-doped Sn O_(2)buffer layer facilitates the growth of the neibouring Cd S film with orientation followed by Sb_(2)S_(3)film with larger grains and fewer pinholes.Consequently,the resultant Sb_(2)S_(3)solar cells with Mg-doped SnO_(2)deliver a champion PCE of 6.31%,22.8%higher than those without a buffer layer.Our work demonstrates that deliberate absorber growth as well as efficient hole blocking upon an appropriate buffer layer is viable in obtaining solution-processed Sb_(2)S_(3)solar cells with high performance.展开更多
Numerous lenses of garnet amphibolite occur in the garnet-bearing biotite-plagioclase gneiss belt in the Baishan area of the Beishan Orogen,which connects the Tianshan Orogen to the west and the Mongolia-Xing’anling ...Numerous lenses of garnet amphibolite occur in the garnet-bearing biotite-plagioclase gneiss belt in the Baishan area of the Beishan Orogen,which connects the Tianshan Orogen to the west and the Mongolia-Xing’anling Orogen to the east.The study of metamorphism in Beishan area is of great significance to explain the tectonic evolution of Beishan orogen.According to the microstructures,mineral relationships,and geothermobarometry,we identified four stages of mineral assemblages from the garnet amphibolite sample:(1) a pre-peak stage,which is recorded by the cores of garnet together with core-inclusions of plagioclase(Pl1);(2) a peak stage,which is recorded by the mantles of garnet together with mantle-inclusions of plagioclase(Pl2)+amphibole(Amp1)+Ilmenite(Ilm1)+biotite(Bt1),developed at temperature-pressure(P-T) conditions of 818.9-836.5℃ and7.3-9.2 kbar;(3) a retrograde stage,which is recorded by garnet rims + plagioclase(Pl3)+amphibole(Amp2)+orthopyroxene(Opx1)+biotite(Bt2)+Ilmenite(Ilm2),developed at P-T conditions of 796.1-836.9℃ and5.6-7.5 kbar;(4) a symplectitic stage,which is recorded by plagioclase(Pl4)+orthopyroxene(Opx2)+amphibole(Amp3)+biotite(Bt3) symplectites,developed at P-T conditions of 732 ±59.6℃ and 6.1 ±0.6 kbar.Moreover,the U-Pb dating of the Beishan garnet amphibolite indicates an age of 301.9 ±4.7 Ma for the protolith and 281.4±8.5 Ma for the peak metamorphic age.Therefore,the mineral assemblage,P-T conditions,and zircon U-Pb ages of the Beishan garnet amphibolite define a near-isothermal decompression of a clockwise P-T-t(Pressure-Temperature-time) path,indicating the presence of over thickened continental crust in the Huaniushan arc until the Early Permian,then the southern Beishan area underwent a process of thinning of the continental crust.展开更多
Dear Editor,A novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)first broke out in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China,in 2019.More than 50 million cases of COVID-19 have been co...Dear Editor,A novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)first broke out in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China,in 2019.More than 50 million cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed globally with 1,280,868 deaths reported as of November12,2020(https://covid19.who.int/).展开更多
Superspreaders were defined as the minority of individuals who infect disproportionately more susceptible contacts,especially when compared to the majority of individuals who infect few or no others.Superspreading eve...Superspreaders were defined as the minority of individuals who infect disproportionately more susceptible contacts,especially when compared to the majority of individuals who infect few or no others.Superspreading events,i.e.events involving superspreaders,highlight the limitations of basic reproduction number(R0),which represented the average dynamics of transmission.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62074117,61904126)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(Grant Nos.2019AAA020,2019CFB122)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515012594)Guangdong Province Office of Education(2020ZDZX2028)the Special Funds for the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries in Shenzhen(JCYJ20190808152609307)。
文摘Antimony sulfide(Sb_(2)S_(3))is an appealing semiconductor as light absorber for solar cells due to its high absorption coefficient,appropriate band gap(~1.7 e V)and abundance of constituent elements.However,power conversion efficiency(PCE)of Sb_(2)S_(3)-based solar cells still lags much behind the theoretically predicted due to the imperfect energy level alignment at the charge transporting layer/Sb_(2)S_(3)interfaces and hence severe charge recombination.Herein,we insert a high-temperature sintered magnesium(Mg)-doped tin oxide(SnO_(2))layer between cadmium sulfide(Cd S)and fuorine doped tin oxide to form a cascaded energy level alignment and thus mitigate interfacial charge recombination.Simultaneously,the inserted Mg-doped Sn O_(2)buffer layer facilitates the growth of the neibouring Cd S film with orientation followed by Sb_(2)S_(3)film with larger grains and fewer pinholes.Consequently,the resultant Sb_(2)S_(3)solar cells with Mg-doped SnO_(2)deliver a champion PCE of 6.31%,22.8%higher than those without a buffer layer.Our work demonstrates that deliberate absorber growth as well as efficient hole blocking upon an appropriate buffer layer is viable in obtaining solution-processed Sb_(2)S_(3)solar cells with high performance.
基金Financial support for this study was jointly provided by the Geological and Mineral Survey in Nalati-Yingmaotuo area of Tianshan-Beishan metallogenic belt (DD20160009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41572179,41872218,41421002 and 41372204)
文摘Numerous lenses of garnet amphibolite occur in the garnet-bearing biotite-plagioclase gneiss belt in the Baishan area of the Beishan Orogen,which connects the Tianshan Orogen to the west and the Mongolia-Xing’anling Orogen to the east.The study of metamorphism in Beishan area is of great significance to explain the tectonic evolution of Beishan orogen.According to the microstructures,mineral relationships,and geothermobarometry,we identified four stages of mineral assemblages from the garnet amphibolite sample:(1) a pre-peak stage,which is recorded by the cores of garnet together with core-inclusions of plagioclase(Pl1);(2) a peak stage,which is recorded by the mantles of garnet together with mantle-inclusions of plagioclase(Pl2)+amphibole(Amp1)+Ilmenite(Ilm1)+biotite(Bt1),developed at temperature-pressure(P-T) conditions of 818.9-836.5℃ and7.3-9.2 kbar;(3) a retrograde stage,which is recorded by garnet rims + plagioclase(Pl3)+amphibole(Amp2)+orthopyroxene(Opx1)+biotite(Bt2)+Ilmenite(Ilm2),developed at P-T conditions of 796.1-836.9℃ and5.6-7.5 kbar;(4) a symplectitic stage,which is recorded by plagioclase(Pl4)+orthopyroxene(Opx2)+amphibole(Amp3)+biotite(Bt3) symplectites,developed at P-T conditions of 732 ±59.6℃ and 6.1 ±0.6 kbar.Moreover,the U-Pb dating of the Beishan garnet amphibolite indicates an age of 301.9 ±4.7 Ma for the protolith and 281.4±8.5 Ma for the peak metamorphic age.Therefore,the mineral assemblage,P-T conditions,and zircon U-Pb ages of the Beishan garnet amphibolite define a near-isothermal decompression of a clockwise P-T-t(Pressure-Temperature-time) path,indicating the presence of over thickened continental crust in the Huaniushan arc until the Early Permian,then the southern Beishan area underwent a process of thinning of the continental crust.
基金supported by the National Key Program for Infectious Disease of China(2018ZX10101002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500301,2020YFC0840900)。
文摘Dear Editor,A novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)first broke out in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China,in 2019.More than 50 million cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed globally with 1,280,868 deaths reported as of November12,2020(https://covid19.who.int/).
文摘Superspreaders were defined as the minority of individuals who infect disproportionately more susceptible contacts,especially when compared to the majority of individuals who infect few or no others.Superspreading events,i.e.events involving superspreaders,highlight the limitations of basic reproduction number(R0),which represented the average dynamics of transmission.
