The somatic embryogenesis(SE)process is better suited to large-scale production and automation than other clonal propagation methods such as the rooting of cuttings.SE is becoming a key technique to promote the asexua...The somatic embryogenesis(SE)process is better suited to large-scale production and automation than other clonal propagation methods such as the rooting of cuttings.SE is becoming a key technique to promote the asexual industrialization of conifers.Furthermore,somatic embryos are an ideal material to study the molecular mechanism of conifer embryo development,as the processes of somatic and zygotic embryo development are very similar.This brief review introduces the culturing techniques of the SE process in conifers and outlines the progress and deficiencies in conifer SE research.Emphasis is placed on the patterning formation of conifer somatic embryos.展开更多
Mitophagy has a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis through acidic lysosomes engulfing excess or impaired mitochondria,thereby pH fluctuation is one of the most significant indicators for tracking mitoph...Mitophagy has a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis through acidic lysosomes engulfing excess or impaired mitochondria,thereby pH fluctuation is one of the most significant indicators for tracking mitophagy.Then such precise pH tracking demands the fluorogenic probe that has tailored contemporaneous features,including mitochondrial-specificity,excellent biocompatibility,wide pH-sensitive range of 8.0–4.0,and especially quantitative ability.However,available molecular probes cannot simultaneously meet all the requirements since it is extremely difficult to integrate multiple functionalities into a single molecule.To fully address this issue,we herein integrate two fluorogenic pH sensitive units,a mitochondria-specific block,cellpenetrating facilitator,and biocompatible segments into an elegant silica nano scaffold,which greatly ensures the applicability for real-time tracking of pH fluctuations in mitophagy.Most significantly,at a single wavelength excitation,the integrated pHsensitive units have spectra-distinguishable fluorescence towards alkaline and acidic pH in a broad range that covers mitochondrial and lysosomal pH,thus enabling a ratiometric analysis of pH variations during the whole mitophagy.This work also provides constructive insights into the fabrication of advanced fluorescent nanoprobes for diverse biomedical applications.展开更多
文摘The somatic embryogenesis(SE)process is better suited to large-scale production and automation than other clonal propagation methods such as the rooting of cuttings.SE is becoming a key technique to promote the asexual industrialization of conifers.Furthermore,somatic embryos are an ideal material to study the molecular mechanism of conifer embryo development,as the processes of somatic and zygotic embryo development are very similar.This brief review introduces the culturing techniques of the SE process in conifers and outlines the progress and deficiencies in conifer SE research.Emphasis is placed on the patterning formation of conifer somatic embryos.
基金supported by STINT Joint China-Sweden Mobility Project(No.CH2017-7243)the Swedish Research Council(VR)(Nos.2019-02409 and 2020-05437)+2 种基金the China Scholarship Council(CSC),Carl Tryggers Stiftelse(No.CTS 19:379)Swedish Government strategic faculty grant in material science(SFO,MATLIU)in Advanced Functional Materials(AFM)(VR No.5.1-2015-5959)the Centre in Nano Science and technology at LiTH(CeNano),and LiU Cancer network at Linköping University.
文摘Mitophagy has a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis through acidic lysosomes engulfing excess or impaired mitochondria,thereby pH fluctuation is one of the most significant indicators for tracking mitophagy.Then such precise pH tracking demands the fluorogenic probe that has tailored contemporaneous features,including mitochondrial-specificity,excellent biocompatibility,wide pH-sensitive range of 8.0–4.0,and especially quantitative ability.However,available molecular probes cannot simultaneously meet all the requirements since it is extremely difficult to integrate multiple functionalities into a single molecule.To fully address this issue,we herein integrate two fluorogenic pH sensitive units,a mitochondria-specific block,cellpenetrating facilitator,and biocompatible segments into an elegant silica nano scaffold,which greatly ensures the applicability for real-time tracking of pH fluctuations in mitophagy.Most significantly,at a single wavelength excitation,the integrated pHsensitive units have spectra-distinguishable fluorescence towards alkaline and acidic pH in a broad range that covers mitochondrial and lysosomal pH,thus enabling a ratiometric analysis of pH variations during the whole mitophagy.This work also provides constructive insights into the fabrication of advanced fluorescent nanoprobes for diverse biomedical applications.
