双气囊小肠镜诊断小肠肿瘤的临床研究(英文)

Objective: Small intestinal tumors(SBTs) were difficult to be discovered before surgery. The emergence of double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE) and capsule endoscopy(CE) have greatly improved the evaluation of SBTs and facilitated a more precise preoperative diagnosis. Yet little data exist in China regarding clinical efficacy of DBE and clinical characteristics of SBTs. The aim of our study was to clarify the clinical characteristics of SBTs and analyze the efficacy of DBE examination in the detection and diagnosis of SBTs. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent DBE in our hospital between June 2011 and July 2014. Patients who were diagnosed with SBTs by DBE were included in the study. Results: A total of 316 patients underwent 321 DBE procedures, 80(25.3%) of whom were suspected to have an SBT. And 59 of the 80 subjects were diagnosed with SBT finally. The majorities(59.3%, 35/59) of the patients diagnosed with SBT were males, whose average age was 61.8 years(SD ±11.0 years). DBE were frequently performed in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(66.1%), abdominal pain(16.9%). The common SBTs identified were: gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)(24/59, 40.7%), adenocarcinomas(13/59, 22.0%), lymphomas(6/59, 10.2%) and benign polyps(6/59, 10.2%). Jejunum had the highest detection rate(47.5%, 29/61). During the follow-up period(3 months to 3 years), 14 patients were submitted to chemotherapy and two patients died of tumor. Conclusion: The most high frequency type and location of SBTs detected in our hospital were different from western countries. DBE is a valuable and safe examination for SBTs.

退役动力电池回收利用的现状及碳核算研究进展

新能源汽车行业的蓬勃发展促使动力电池报废量大幅上涨,产生数量庞大的固体废物。通过梯次利用和回收再生对退役动力电池进行再利用不仅能够实现有价金属的资源化再利用,还可降低碳排放和生产成本,是推进循环经济发展和资源集约利用的关键环节,对于落实“双碳”战略和推进生态文明建设具有重要意义。目前,研究领域内已发布大量与退役电池相关的文献和资讯,汇总行业关键信息,为业内人员提供参考十分有必要。为此,本综述立足行业现状,讨论了退役动力电池不同回收利用方式对环境和经济的影响,同时,分析回收利用现状并归纳研究进展,提出退役动力电池碳排放核算方法,指出回收的必要性和可行性,为建设无废城市和实现“双碳”目标提供借鉴。希望电池回收行业未来能够在国家的宏观调控下,结合高效绿色的回收技术和相关标准规范实现健康有序发展。要点:(1)退役电池回收再生能够有效实现资源循环利用并减少碳排放。(2)不同电池再生方式产生的环境影响和经济效益各异。(3)退役动力电池碳核算是助力“双碳”目标实现的重要方式。

KLF4 facilitates chromatin accessibility remodeling in porcine early embryos

Chromatin accessibility remodeling driven by pioneer factors is critical for the development of early embryos.Current studies have illustrated several pioneer factors as being important for agricultural animals,but what are the pioneer factors and how the pioneer factors remodel the chromatin accessibility in porcine early embryos is not clear.By employing low-input DNase-seq(liDNase-seq),we profiled the landscapes of chromatin accessibility in porcine early embryos and uncovered a unique chromatin accessibility reprogramming pattern during porcine preimplantation development.Our data revealed that KLF4 played critical roles in remodeling chromatin accessibility in porcine early embryos.Knocking down of KLF4 led to the reduction of chromatin accessibility in early embryos,whereas KLF4 overexpression promoted the chromatin openness in porcine blastocysts.Furthermore,KLF4 deficiency resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and developmental failure of porcine embryos.In addition,we found that overexpression of KLF4 in blastocysts promoted lipid droplet accumulation,whereas knockdown of KLF4 disrupted this process.Taken together,our study revealed the chromatin accessibility dynamics and identified KLF4 as a key regulator in chromatin accessibility and cellular metabolism during porcine preimplantation embryo development.

Formation mechanism for stable system of nanoparticle/protein corona and phospholipid membrane

In the physiological environment, nanoparticles(NPs) interact with proteins to form a protein-rich layer on the surface which is called "protein corona". Understanding and analyzing the formation process of protein corona and protein corona-nanoparticles is of great significance for biological related nano research. Many separation techniques have been used to analyze the composition of protein corona, but in situ analysis of protein corona is still absent. With the development of detection technology, sum frequency generation(SFG) is an effective instrument to analyze the surface protein structure and dynamic changes of protein corona in situ. In this work the molecular mechanism and surface structure effect of the interaction between nanoparticles with surface protein corona(S-NPP) and phospholipid membrane were studied. When S-NPP interacts with phospholipid membrane, the bond affinity network formed by the binding water can stabilize S-NPP around the lipid bilayer. In this process, S-NPP can be found wrapped in the hydration shell. This ultimately leads to a more moderate interaction between particles and phospholipid membrane.

Transplantation of neural stem progenitor cells from different sources for severe spinal cord injury repair in rat

Neural stem progenitor cell(NSPC)transplantation has been regarded as a promising therapeutic method for spinal cord injury(SCI)repair.However,different NSPCs may have different therapeutic effects,and it is therefore important to identify the optimal NSPC type.In our study,we compared the transcriptomes of human fetal brain-derived NSPCs(BNSPCs),spinal cord-derived NSPCs(SCNSPCs)and H9 embryonic stem-cell derived NSPCs(H9-NSPCs)in vitro and subsequently we transplanted each NSPC type on a collagen scaffold into a T8-9 complete SCI rat model in vivo.In vitro data showed that SCNSPCs had more highly expressed genes involved in nerve-related functions than the other two cell types.In vivo,compared with BNSPCs and H9-NSPCs,SCNSPCs exhibited the best therapeutic effects;in fact,SCNSPCs facilitated electrophysiological and hindlimb functional recovery.This study demonstrates that SCNSPCs may be an appropriate candidate cell type for SCI repair,which is of great clinical significance.

De novo assembly of a Chinese soybean genome

Soybean was domesticated in China and has become one of the most important oilseed crops. Due to bottlenecks in their introduction and dissemination, soybeans from different geographic areas exhibit extensive genetic diversity. Asia is the largest soybean market; therefore, a high-quality soybean reference genome from this area is critical for soybean research and breeding.Here, we report the de novo assembly and sequence analysis of a Chinese soybean genome for "Zhonghuang 13" by a combination of SMRT, Hi-C and optical mapping data. The assembled genome size is 1.025 Gb with a contig N50 of 3.46 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 51.87 Mb. Comparisons between this genome and the previously reported reference genome(cv. Williams82) uncovered more than 250,000 structure variations. A total of 52,051 protein coding genes and 36,429 transposable elements were annotated for this genome, and a gene co-expression network including 39,967 genes was also established. This high quality Chinese soybean genome and its sequence analysis will provide valuable information for soybean improvement in the future.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals Nestin+active neural stem cells outside the central canal after spinal cord injury

Neural stem cells(NSCs)in the spinal cord hold great potential for repair after spinal cord injury(SCI).The ependyma in the central canal(CC)region has been considered as the NSCs source in the spinal cord.However,the ependyma function as NSCs after SCI is still under debate.We used Nestin as a marker to isolate potential NSCs and their immediate progeny,and characterized the cells before and after SCI by single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq).We identified two subgroups of NSCs:the subgroup located within the CC cannot prime to active NSCs after SCI,while the subgroup located outside the CC were activated and exhibited the active NSCs properties after SCI.We demonstrated the comprehensive dynamic transcriptome of NSCs from quiescent to active NSCs after SCI.This study reveals that Nestin+cells outside CC were NSCs that activated upon SCI and may thus serve as endogenous NSCs for regenerative treatment of SCI in the future.

Mapping Genome-wide Binding Sites of Prox1 in Mouse Cochlea Using the CUT&RUN Approach

Dear Editor,Our auditory organ,the cochlea,resides in the ventral portion of the inner ear,and its sensory epithelium,the organ of Corti,contains hair cells(HCs)and supporting cells(SCs),which are both descendants of the same progenitors.HCs are prone to damage by multiple ototoxic factors,and how to regenerate damaged HCs using key genes involving cochlear development is of importance[1,2].Cochlear progenitor cells express Sox2 and prolif-erate before embryonic day 12.5(E12.5)in the mouse but become quiescent in an apical-to-basal gradient between E12.5 and E14.5[3].

Patient-directed vs.fixed-volume PEG for colonoscopy preparation:a randomized controlled trial

Background:Individualization using different volumes of polyethylene glycol is widely regarded as the optimal solution for bowel preparation,while the patient-directed regimen we propose may serve as a reliable individual solution.This study aimed to assess the efficacy,safety,and satisfaction of bowel preparation with a patient-directed regimen.Methods:Patients in the fixed-volume group ingested the same amount of PEG,while those in patient-directed group ingested different amount according to stool consistency or stool water content.Results:After filtering by exclusion criteria,428 individuals in the fixed-volume group and 103 in the patient-directed group were successfully enrolled and analyzed.Eighty-three(80.6%)individuals in the patient-directed group had a reduced polyethylene glycol volume.There was no significant difference in the bowel preparation efficacy between the two groups(90.0%vs.90.3%,χ^(2)=0.01;p=0.918).Patients in the patient-directed group complained of fewer adverse effects(53.0%vs.36.9%,χ^(2)=8.655;p=0.003),especially vomiting(13.6%vs.1.0%,χ^(2)=13.304;p<0.001).Regarding comfort during bowel preparation,the degree of comfort was not significantly different between groups.Furthermore,the willingness rate for further colonoscopy in the patient-directed group was significantly higher than that in the fixed-volume group(90.3%vs.77.1%,χ^(2)=8.912;p<0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the body mass index served as an independent factor impacting quality of bowel preparation with the patient-directed regimen(OR 1.16,95%CI 1.00–1.34;p=0.043).Conclusions:Without decreasing the bowel preparation efficacy,the patient-directed regimen increased the safety and satisfaction of bowel preparation and is expected to be a regular and individual solution for bowel preparation.Individuals with a lower body mass index are more likely to undertake this new regimen.