Determination of Inorganic Elements in Paris daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and Paris dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap by ICP-OES

[Objectives] To determine 29 kinds of inorganic elements in samples of Paris daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap produced in different regions, and to measure the content of 10 key inorganic elements: chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), iron(Fe), copper(Cu), mercury(Hg), zinc(Zn), arsenic(As), antimony(Sr), cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb). [Methods] The wet digestion and technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) were employed. [Results] Under the experimental conditions, elements were not related to each other, and many kinds of elements could be measured at the same time; toxic and heavy metals in samples of P. daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap did not exceed the limit; Hg was not detected in all samples. [Conclusions] This method is simple, easy to operate and reproducible. It can be used for the detection of inorganic elements in P. daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap; the heavy metals and Hg of the rhizome meet the requirements of the limit of medicinal materials.

Inhibitiont of Obazema on Proliferation of Gastric Cancer BGC-823 Cells and Its Mechanism

[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the inhibiting effect of Obazema on proliferation of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells and its mechanism.[Methods]BGC-823 cells were treated with high,medium and low concentrations of drug-containing serum(0.316%,0.158%and 0.079%)for 0,48,72 and 96 h,respectively.Then,the proliferation of the cells was detected with CCK-8 method,and the expression of related proteins,B lymphocytoma-2(Bcl-2),phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-Akt),protein kinase B(Akt)and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),was detected using Western blotting.[Results]The proliferation of the BGC-823 cells was significantly inhibited with different doses of Boenninghausenia albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.ex Meisn.var.albiflora(CH)and B.sessilicarpa Lévl.(S)(P<0.01),in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners.The inhibition of high-dose S on cell proliferation was similar to that of CTX 48 h after administration;the inhibition of high-dose CH on cell proliferation was significantly stronger than that of CTX(P<0.01);different doses of drug administration groups significantly inhibited the expression of p-Akt and Bcl-2 in the BGC-823 cells;the inhibition of high-dose CH on the expression of P-Akt and Bcl-2 and the inhibition of medium-dose CH on the expression of Bcl-2 were significantly stronger than that of CTX(P<0.05,P<0.01),in a certain dose-dependent manner;at the same dose,the inhibition of CH on the expression of the proteins was stronger than that of S(P<0.05,P<0.01);administration of S and CH significantly inhibited the expression of GAPDH compared with CTX(P<0.05,P<0.01).[Conclusions]Obazema has the capacity to inhibit the proliferation of BGC-823 cells.The mechanism may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of p-Akt and Bcl-2,and GAPDH may be the target gene of its anti-tumor mechanism.The inhibiting effect of CH on BGC-823 cells was more significantly than that of S.

Comprehensive Evaluation on Impacts of Diseases on Quality of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis Based on Ultraviolet and Infrared Spectra

[Objectives] The research aimed to evaluate impacts of diseases on quality of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis. [Methods]Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to determine and contrast content of total saponins in root,stem and leaf from healthy and diseased plants. Infrared characteristic absorption peaks of healthy and diseased plants were found by infrared fingerprint method for comparative analysis.[Results]Total saponins content in root sample J4 of healthy plant reached 4. 89% and was the highest,while it was 0. 13% in stem sample J11 of healthy plant and was the lowest. Total saponins content in root sample B1 of diseased plant was 1. 68% and was the highest,while it was 0. 1% in stem sample B7 of diseased plant and was the lowest. In healthy and diseased plants,total saponins content in root was significantly higher than that in stem and leaf. Content of total saponins in root from healthy plant was significantly higher than that from diseased plant,and there was little difference in stem and leaf of healthy and diseased plants. Root sample Jg of healthy plant had obvious C-O characteristic vibration of polysaccharides and glycosides and absorption peak of O-H bending vibration in steroidal saponin near 1 160. 02 cm-1,while diseased plant had no obvious absorption peak. Near 861. 97 and 768. 07 cm-1,root sample Jg of healthy plant had significant C-C stretching vibration in sugar ring and characteristic absorption peak of characteristic vibration of steroidal saponin,while root sample Bg of diseased plant had no obvious characteristic peak. [Conclusions] Diseases significantly affected composition and content of total saponins and steroidal saponins from P. polyphylla var. chinensis,further affecting quality of P. polyphylla var. chinensis.

Study on the Identification of Original Plant and Crude Herbs in Paris daliensis H. Li et V.G. Souku and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S. Kuritap

[Objectives] Via systematic comparative study on Paris daliensis and Paris dulongensis, the research aimed to provide test data for their character and microscopic identification. [Methods] Original plants, characters, microscopic identification of cross section and powder of rhizome were used. [Results] Microscopic characteristics of cross section and powder of rhizome were basically consistent with identification results of literature, and parenchyma cell of P. dulongensis had brown-red mass. [Conclusions] The research could provide reference basis for identification of authenticity and establishment of quality standards for original plants and medicinal materials of P. daliensis and P. dulongensis, and their further research and development.

Study on Infrared Fingerprints of Different Sources of Yi Medicine Ebazema

[Objectives] To establish infrared fingerprints of different parts of Boenninghausenia albiflora(Hook.) Reichb.ex Meissn. and Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Levl.(two sources of Yi medicine Ebazema) and analyze the similarity between them. [Methods] The infrared fingerprints of powder of B. albiflora(Hook.) Reichb.ex Meissn. and B. sessilicarpa Levl. were measured, and the common peak rate and variation peak rate of six samples were calculated to establish the sequence analysis method of common peak rate. [Results] There was a very high common peak rate(≥81.3%) and a very low variation peak rate(≤15.4%) between S1 and S4 as well as S2 and S6. There was a low common peak rate between S1 and S3 as well as S3 and S4, and the common peak rate was 42.9% and 47.6% respectively. There was a low common peak rate(≤47.6%) and a high variation peak rate(≥100.0%) between S1 and S3 as well as S3 and S4. [Conclusions] The method is simple and convenient to operate, can quickly identify different parts used as medicine of B. albiflora(Hook.) Reichb.ex Meissn. and B. sessilicarpa Levl.(two sources of Yi medicine Ebazema), and provide a new method to judge whether the two are equivalent when being used as medicine and quality evaluation.

Determination of Inorganic Elements in Roots, Stems and Leaves of Arctium lappa L. by ICP-OES

[Objectives] To determine the content of 20 inorganic elements in 18 samples of roots, stems and leaves from of Arctium lappa L. produced in different areas. [Methods] The wet digestion and technique of inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) were used. [Results] 20 kinds of inorganic elements in the samples of A. lappa L. roots contained rich elements essential for human beings such as K, Ca, Na, P and trace elements Cu, Fe, Zn; heavy metals Pb, As, Cu, Cd in A. lappa L. samples did not exceed the limit, and Hg was not detected in all 12 samples; heavy metals in A. lappa L. roots harvested in 12 months did not exceed the limit. [Conclusions] Compared with the roots of A. lappa L., the inorganic elements in the stems and leaves of A. lappa L. were relatively less. The samples collected from Shuimo Town in Wenchuan County of Aba Prefecture with an altitude of 920 m showed little difference from samples collected from Qiongxi Town in Hongyuan County of Aba Prefecture with an altitude of 3 505 m in 20 kinds of inorganic elements.

Evaluation of Wild Paeonia veitchii Lynch from Sichuan Based on Moisture, Ash and Extract Contents

[Objectives]The research aimed to determine the contents of moisture,ash and extract of wild Paeonia veitchii Lynch produced in Sichuan,so as to provide the basis for evaluating quality of wild P.veitchii Lynch from Sichuan.[Methods]Moisture,ash and extract contents of wild P.veitchii Lynch were respectively determined according to the fourth part of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of 2015 version,and correlation analysis and TOPSIS analysis were used for data processing.[Results]12 batches of samples all corresponded with the provision that moisture of P.veitchii Lynch should not exceed 14.0%in the Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Sichuan Province of 2010 version;11 batches of samples all corresponded with the provisions that total ash and acid insoluble ash of P.veitchii Lynch should not exceed 7.0%and 1.0%in the Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Sichuan Province of 2010 version;average content of alcohol-soluble extract by hot dipping from 12 batches of samples was 42.29%,which was not less than 30.0%.In P.veitchii Lynch,moisture and acid insoluble ash showed positive correlation with altitude,while total ash and extract content were negatively correlated with altitude.Taking moisture,ash and extract as evaluation indexes,No.9 P.veitchii Lynch sample was the best.[Conclusions]Moisture and ash of P.veitchii Lynch corresponded with the provisions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of 2015 version and the Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Sichuan Province of 2010 version,while extract content was higher than provision of the standard.The research could provide reference basis for rational utilization and quality evaluation of P.veitchii Lynch resources.

Study on Antioxidant Activity of Different Extracts of Gynura segetum in vitro

[Objectives]To study the antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts of Gynura segetum in vitro,so as to provide experimental basis for further study and utilization of medicinal resources of G.segetum.[Methods]The antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts of G.segetum was determined by UV-vis spectrophotometer using DPPH free radical scavenging method and ABTS^+free radical scavenging method.[Results]The scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS^+by acetone extract were high,reaching 98.9%and 98.3%,respectively;the scavenging rate of DPPH and ABTS^+by water extract was the lowest,and the scavenging rates were 76.7%and 77.5%,respectively.The order of ABTS^+radical scavenging rate of samples extracted with different extractants was as follows:S 5(acetone extract)>S 1(ethyl acetate extract)>S 6(ethanol extract)>S 4(n-butanol extract)>S 3(methanol extract)>S 2(distilled water extract);the order of DPPH radical scavenging rate of samples extracted with different extractants was as follows:S 5(acetone extract)>S 1(ethyl acetate extract)>S 4(n-butanol extract)>S 6(ethanol extract)>S 3(methanol extract)>S 2(distilled water extract).[Conclusions]The extracts of acetone,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,anhydrous ethanol,methanol and distilled water from the roots of G.segetum had obvious scavenging effects on DPPH and ABTS^+,all had antioxidant components,and acetone had the highest antioxidant effect as an extractant.

Total Coumarin Content and Antioxidant Activity in Different Parts of Obazema, a Yi Medicine

[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the total coumarin content and antioxidant activity in vitro of Obazema,a Yi Medicine.[Methods]The extraction process of coumarin from Obazema was optimized by response surface method,and the total contents of coumarin in different sources and different parts of Obazema were compared.With Vc,chlorogenic acid and citric acid as positive controls,the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extracts of different parts of Obazema was determined.[Results]The optimum extraction process for coumarin from Obazema were as follows:80%ethanol,solid to liquid ratio 1∶67,extraction time 120 min and extraction temperature 57℃.The total contents of coumarin in roots,stems,leaves,flowers and fruit of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Levl.and B.albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.were 7.75,6.50,33.45 and 44.35,and 8.1,4.6,17.8 and 18.7 mg/g,respectively.The free radicle-scavenging activity of coumarin from Obazema had certain dose-effect relationship,and was slightly stronger than that of the positive drugs.Under the phenanthroline-Fe ^2+method,the free radicle-scavenging activity ranked as B.albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.>B.sessilicarpa Levl.>Vc>citric acid>chlorogenic acid;under the DPPH method,the free radicle-scavenging activity ranked as B.albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.>B.sessilicarpa Levl.>Vc>chlorogenic acid>citric acid;and under the ABSTS+method,the free radicle-scavenging capacity ranked was in the order as B.albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.>B.sessilicarpa Levl.>Vc>chlorogenic acid>citric acid.[Conclusions]There are significant differences in coumarin content between different sources and different parts of Obazema.When coumarin is used as the main active substance,Obazema is better harvested during the flowering period,and the free radicle-scavenging activity of B.sessilicarpa Levl.is higher than that of B.albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.The antioxidant activity of the flower-fruit ethanol extracts of B.sessilicarpa Levl.and B.albiflora(Hook.)Reichb.is stronger than that of the commonly used antioxidants such as Vc,chlorogenic acid and citric acid,which is related to antioxidant components in the ethanol extracts.