Identification of candidate genes that regulate the trade-off between seedling cold tolerance and fruit quality in melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Trade-offs between survival and growth are widely observed in plants.Melon is an annual,trailing herb that produces economically valuable fruits that are traditionally cultivated in early spring in China.Melon seedlings are sensitive to low temperatures,and thus usually suffer from cold stress during the early growth period.However,little is known about the mechanism behind the trade-offs between seedling cold tolerance and fruit quality in melon.In this study,a total of 31 primary metabolites were detected from the mature fruits of eight melon lines that differ with respect to seedling cold tolerance;these included 12 amino acids,10 organic acids,and 9 soluble sugars.Our results showed that concentrations of most of the primary metabolites in the cold-resistant melons were generally lower than in the cold-sensitive melons;the greatest difference in metabolite levels was observed between the cold-resistant line H581 and the moderately cold-resistant line HH09.The metabolite and transcriptome data for these two lines were then subjected to weighted correlation network analysis,resulting in the identification of five key candidate genes underlying the balancing between seedling cold tolerance and fruit quality.Among these genes,CmEAF7 might play multiple roles in regulating chloroplast development,photosynthesis,and the ABA pathway.Furthermore,multi-method functional analysis showed that CmEAF7 can certainly improve both seedling cold tolerance and fruit quality in melon.Our study identified an agriculturally important gene,CmEAF7,and provides a new insight into breeding methods to develop melon cultivars with seedling cold tolerance and high fruit quality.

斑马鱼下颌损伤后的再生组织的超微结构观察及神经递质分析

斑马鱼(Danio rerio)具有很强的再生能力是生物再生研究的良好模型,尤其是下颌组织和尾鳍有复杂的组织学结构。本文结合形态观察检测递质类化合物的动态变化。斑马鱼下颌组织被切除掉约1/3后,2小时创面细胞收缩,神经递质类化合物的释放增加。在修复的第2天创面形成较完整的表皮组织,递质类物质如多巴胺(DA)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)谷氨酸(Glu)以及甘氨酸(Gly)等的含量达到峰值。到5天的时候下颌被剪除部位外部形态已经大部分恢复,且递质类化合物的含量呈现高位维持或缓慢下降。结果提示神经递质在斑马鱼下颌再生过程中发挥重要作用。

SENEX gene promotes cell proliferation by activating RB/E2F pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells

The present study aimed to clarify the role of SENEX in malignant cell proliferation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL).22 DLBCL patients(6 newly diagnosed cases,7 cases at complete remission,and 9 relapsed cases)were included in the study.Our results indicated that both SENEX gene and protein were significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and tumor cells of relapsed DLBCL patients,accompanied by overexpression of p21,p16,and phosphorylated retinoblastoma(Rb).Silencing the SENEX gene in a DLBCL cell line caused a significant decrease in cell proliferation and inhibited cell cycle progression in the G1 phase.Phosphorylated Rb and E2F1 were also decreased,and activation of the Rb/E2F1 pathway was obviously suppressed.To conclude,the SENEX gene promotes proliferation in PBMC and tumor cells of DLBCL patients by activating the Rb/E2F1 pathway,in a manner suggesting that increased SENEX expression affects the relapse of DLBCL and may serve as an important target for DLBCL therapy.

Decreased CD10-positive granulocytes for the differential diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS)are highly heterogeneous myeloid neoplasms,and a large number of patients are difficult to diagnose and classify by blood and bone marrow examination.As a surface marker of granulocyte,studies have shown CD10 can be used to define the degree of granulocyte maturation in MDS patients.However,whether it can be used for differential diagnosis of MDS and other hematological diseases remains inconclusive.To explore the value of CD10 for differential diagnosis of MDS,60 newly diagnosed MDS,20 aplastic anemia(AA)patients,and 35 iron-deficient anemia(IDA)patients were selected for this study.Bone marrow(BM)specimens were processed for surface marker analysis and labeled with pre-conjugated monoclonal antibodies.Stained cells were detected by flow cytometry.Our results indicated that CD10-positive granulocytes were significantly decreased in BM of MDS patients than AA and IDA patients,and the level of CD10-positive mature granulocytes was not associated with the clinical stages of malignancy.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)areas under the curve(AUC)of CD10-positive granulocytes was 0.86 and 0.85,respectively,in MDS patients than the IDA group and AA group with good specificity and sensitivity.Further,CD10-positive granulocytes were increased after effective treatment.In conclusion,we found the decrease in CD10-positive granulocytes has a differential diagnostic value of MDS.

CD34^(+)CD38^(-)subpopulation without CD123 and CD44 is responsible for LSC and correlated with imbalance of immune cell subsets in AML

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is regarded as a stem cell disease.However,no one unique marker is expressed on leukemia stem cells(LSC)but not on leukemic blasts nor normal hematopoietic stem cells(HSC).CD34^(+)CD38^(-)with or without CD123 or CD44 subpopulations are immunophenotypically defined as putative LSC fractions in AML.Nevertheless,markers that can be effectively and simply held responsible for the intrinsical heterogeneity of LSC is still unclear.In the present study,we examined the frequency of three different LSC subtypes(CD34^(+)CD38^(-),CD34^(+)CD38^(-)CD123^(+),CD34^(+)CD38^(-)CD44^(+))in AML at diagnosis.We then validated their prognostic significance on the relevance of spectral features for diagnostic stratification,immune status,induction therapy response,treatment effect maintenance,and long^(-)term survival.In our findings,high proportions of the above three different LSC subtypes were all significantly characterized with low complete remission(CR)rate,high relapse/refractory rate,poor overall survival(OS),frequent FLT3^(-)ITD mutation,the high level of regulatory T cells(Treg)and monocytic myeloid^(-)derived suppressor cells(M^(-)MDSC).However,there was no significant statistical difference in all kinds of other clinical performance among the three different LSC groups.It was demonstrated that CD34^(+)CD38^(-)subpopulation without CD123 and CD44 might be held responsible for LSC and correlated with an imbalance of immune cell subsets in AML.

SENEX-mediated CDK4/6 inhibition promotes senescence and confers apoptosis resistance in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Background:The primary cause of treatment failure in patients with refractory or relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma(r/r B-NHL)is resistance to current therapies,and therapy-induced senescence(TIS)stands out as a crucial mechanism contributing to tumor drug resistance.Here,we analyzed SENEX/Rho GTPase Activating Protein 18(ARHGAP18)expression and prognostic significance in doxorubicin-induced B-NHL-TIS model and r/r B-NHL patients,investigating its target in B-NHL cell senescence and the effect of combining specific inhibitors on apoptosis resistance in B-NHL-TIS cells.Methods:Raji cells were transfected with the human SENEX shRNA recombinant lentiviral vector(Sh-SENEX)and the empty vector negative(NC)to construct a stable transfection cell line with knockdown of SENEX.Effect of SENEX-silencing on B-NHL-TIS formation,cell function and cell cycle-related pathways was analyzed.Using doxorubicin(DOX)-inducible senescent B-NHL cells combined with the specific cyclin dependent kinase 4/6(CDK4/6)inhibitor Palbociclib to observe that blocking CDK4/6 effects on TIS formation.SENEX expression of 21 B-NHL patients and 8 healthy controls were analyzed by qRT-PCR,and the correlation between its expression and clinical indicators were evaluated.Results:The downregulation of SENEX expression promotes G1-S phase transition and apoptosis while inhibiting cell proliferation,collectively suppressing the formation of TIS in B-NHL.Blockade of CDK4/6 promotes the DOX-induced G1 phase arrest to enhance TIS formation in B-NHL cells which can reverse the regulatory effect of silencing SENEX on B-NHL cell cycle regulation and senescence.The expression levels of SENEX were notably elevated in B-NHL patients compared to healthy controls,and Elevated expression levels of SENEX were associated with poor prognosis of B-NHL patients.Conclusions:SENEX enhances apoptosis resistance in B-NHL by inhibiting CDK4/6,thereby preventing G1-S phase transition and promoting TIS formation.

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing assay for identifying pathogens in lung cancer patients

Background:For patients with lung cancer,timely identification of new lung lesions as infectious or non-infectious,and accurate identification of pathogens is very important in improving OS of patients.As a new auxiliary examination,metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)is believed to be more accurate in diagnosing infectious diseases in patients without underlying diseases,compared with conventional microbial tests(CMTs).We designed this study tofind out whether mNGS has better performance in distinguishing infectious and non-infectious diseases in lung cancer patients using bronchoalveolar lavagefluid(BALF).Materials and Methods:This study was a real-world retrospective review based on electronic medical records of lung cancer patients with bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)and BALF commercial mNGS testing as part of clinical care from 1 April 2019 through 30 April 2022 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.164 patients were included in this study.Patients were categorized into the pulmonary non-infectious disease(PNID)group(n=64)and the pulmonary infectious disease(PID)group(n=100)groups based onfinal diagnoses.Results:BALF mNGS increased the sensitivity rate by 60%compared to CMTs(81%vs.21%,p<0.05),whereas there was no significant difference in specificity(75%vs.98.4%,p>0.1).Among the patients with PID,bacteria were the most common cause of infection.Fungal infections occurred in 32%of patients,and Pneumocystis Yersini was most common.Patients with Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)therapy possess longer overall survival(OS)than other anti-cancer agents,the difference between TKIs and immuno-checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)was insignificant(median OS TKIs vs.ICIs vs.Anti-angiogenic vs.Chemo vs.Radiotherapy=76 vs.84 vs.61 vs.58 vs.60).Conclusions:our study indicates that BALF mNGS can add value by improving overall sensitivity in lung cancer patients with potential pulmonary infection,and was outstanding in identifying Pneumocystis infection.It could be able to help physicians adjust the follow-up treatment to avoid the abuse of antibiotics.

Liquid-FEP-based U-tube triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting water-wave energy

收获周围的机械精力是为认识到自我动力的电子学的一种关键技术。与稳定性和耐久性的优点， liquid-solid-based 摩擦电 nanogenerator (TENG ) 最近引起了许多注意。然而， TENG 表演和相关工作原则上的液体性质的影响仍然是不清楚的。我们此处基于液体固体模式装配了 U 试管 TENG 并且使用了 11 液体在 TENG 输出性能上学习液体性质的效果。结果证实影响产量的关键因素是极性，绝缘的常数，和与氟化的乙烯丙烯(FEP ) 的亲密关系。在 11 液体之中，纯以水为基的U试管 TENG 与开电路的电压展出了最好的产量( V 81.7 V 和电线走火电流的 oc )(我 为摇晃的模式( 0.5 Hz )的 0.26 A 的 sc )，它能推进增加到 93.0 V 和 0.48 A ，分别地为水平变模式( 1.25 Hz )。U 试管 TENG 能与比 92% 高的精确性为一个水的答案作为一个自我动力的集中传感器(部件集中或 metalion 集中) 被利用。最后，升级的像三明治的 water-FEP U 试管 TENG 被使用收获水波浪精力，显示出有 V 350 V 的 oc ，我 1.75 A 的 sc ，和 2.04 W/m 3 的力量密度。我们成功地照亮了 60 LEDs 并且动力一温度湿度米。给它的高输出性能， water-FEP U 试管 TENG 是为为自我动力的电子学收获水波浪精力的一条很有希望的途径。

Economic Life Assessment of Power Transformers Using an Improved Model

The electric power enterprise devotes considerable attention to the reliability of power transformers particularly when it decides to either maintain these transformers or decommission them altogether from operation.Although this process has reduced the risk of transformer faults,the attendant dilemma is of excessive maintenance of transformers,or retiring them prematurely,leading to high economic waste.This paper is inspired by real-time engineering applications,and proposes an improved model to assess the economic life of power transformers.The new model offers a more efficient approach than previous methods of assessment,with a specific focus of using the annual net income as separate criteria for determining the economic indices of continuous operation,overhaul,and retirement strategies of transformers.The economic life of power transformers is divided into three sections according to different strategies to better resolve the quantification problem in this field.A case study is provided to prove the feasibility and validity of the proposed economic life model.The case study achieves the fine management goal when the electric power enterprise is required to make the maintenance and retirement strategy decision.