Background:Amphetamine-type stimulants(ATS)have become a critical public health issue.Animal models have indicated a clear neurotoxic potential of ATSs.In humans,chronic use has been associated with cogni-tive deficit...Background:Amphetamine-type stimulants(ATS)have become a critical public health issue.Animal models have indicated a clear neurotoxic potential of ATSs.In humans,chronic use has been associated with cogni-tive deficits and structural brain abnormalities.However,cross-sectional retrospective designs in chronic users cannot truly determine the causal direction of the effects.Objective:To prospectively determine effects of occasional ATS use on cognitive functioning and brain structure.Methods:In a prospective longitudinal study design,cognitive functioning and brain structure were assessed at baseline and at 12-month follow-up in occasional ATS users(cumulative lifetime use<10 units at baseline).Results:Examination of change scores between the initial examination and follow-up revealed declined verbal memory performance and putamen volume in users with high relative to low interim ATS exposure.In the entire sample,interim ATS use,memory decline,and putamen volume reductions were strongly associated.Conclusions:The present findings support the hypothesis that ATS use is associated with deficient dorsal stri-atal morphology that might reflect alterations in dopaminergic pathways.More importantly,these findings strongly suggest that even occasional,low-dose ATS use disrupts striatal integrity and cognitive functioning.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2018YFA0701400)Q.L.was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2018YFC0910503)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.81873909)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(grant no.2018SHZDZX01)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant no.20ZR1404900)the Zhangjiang Laboratory.The authors thank all volunteers for their participation in this study.The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
文摘Background:Amphetamine-type stimulants(ATS)have become a critical public health issue.Animal models have indicated a clear neurotoxic potential of ATSs.In humans,chronic use has been associated with cogni-tive deficits and structural brain abnormalities.However,cross-sectional retrospective designs in chronic users cannot truly determine the causal direction of the effects.Objective:To prospectively determine effects of occasional ATS use on cognitive functioning and brain structure.Methods:In a prospective longitudinal study design,cognitive functioning and brain structure were assessed at baseline and at 12-month follow-up in occasional ATS users(cumulative lifetime use<10 units at baseline).Results:Examination of change scores between the initial examination and follow-up revealed declined verbal memory performance and putamen volume in users with high relative to low interim ATS exposure.In the entire sample,interim ATS use,memory decline,and putamen volume reductions were strongly associated.Conclusions:The present findings support the hypothesis that ATS use is associated with deficient dorsal stri-atal morphology that might reflect alterations in dopaminergic pathways.More importantly,these findings strongly suggest that even occasional,low-dose ATS use disrupts striatal integrity and cognitive functioning.
