BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to confirm the changes in myocardial collagen level after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), find the relation between these chan...BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to confirm the changes in myocardial collagen level after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), find the relation between these changes and prognosis, and test a practical method to assess the level of myocardial collagen. METHODS: Left ventricular samples were collected from DCM patients with different prognosis (transplanted group n = 8, weaning group n = 10) at the time when the LVADs were implanted and again during cardiac transplantation (n = 8). The level of neutral salt soluble collagen (NSC) and acid soluble collagen (ASC) was measured by Sircol collagen assay, and that of total collagen and insoluble collagen (ISC) by quantification of hydroxyproline (Hyp). Serum samples were collected from a portion of these patients (transplanted group, n = 6; weaning group n = 7) at the time the LVADs were implanted, 1 month after implantation and on explantation. Circulating concentration of carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P I CP), amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P I NP), amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (P III NP) and type I collagen telopeptide (I CTP) were measured by the equilibrium type radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Before LVAD implantation the level of NSC and ISC in the weaning group was higher but ASC in the transplanted group was lower than in the controls (P展开更多
Contact tracing is an effective method to control emerging infectious diseases.Since the 1980’s,modellers are developing a consistent theory for contact tracing,with the aim to find effective and efficient implementa...Contact tracing is an effective method to control emerging infectious diseases.Since the 1980’s,modellers are developing a consistent theory for contact tracing,with the aim to find effective and efficient implementations,and to assess the effects of contact tracing on the spread of an infectious disease.Despite the progress made in the area,there remain important open questions.In addition,technological developments,especially in the field of molecular biology(genetic sequencing of pathogens)and modern communication(digital contact tracing),have posed new challenges for the modelling community.In the present paper,we discuss modelling approaches for contact tracing and identify some of the current challenges for the field.展开更多
In the East European region between Prut and Dnieper,proto-urban mega-sites developed ca.4100−3600 BCE with population agglomerations of around 10000 inhabitants per site.An outline of complexity categories,based on P...In the East European region between Prut and Dnieper,proto-urban mega-sites developed ca.4100−3600 BCE with population agglomerations of around 10000 inhabitants per site.An outline of complexity categories,based on P.Turchin et al.(2018),illustrates that“computational abilities”are first developed to make the shift from dispersed to agglomerated settlement patterns.The development of an internal decision-making system for a polity that organizes communication via public buildings on different levels,together with a site-specific track system,may be responsible for this shift(or made it possible).However,after generations,this communication pattern was not developed into further collective communication abilities(e.g.,into a writing system),while at the same time a tendency toward centralizing decision processes probably destroyed the communication flow.This ultimately led to the collapse of Tripolye mega-sites.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to confirm the changes in myocardial collagen level after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), find the relation between these changes and prognosis, and test a practical method to assess the level of myocardial collagen. METHODS: Left ventricular samples were collected from DCM patients with different prognosis (transplanted group n = 8, weaning group n = 10) at the time when the LVADs were implanted and again during cardiac transplantation (n = 8). The level of neutral salt soluble collagen (NSC) and acid soluble collagen (ASC) was measured by Sircol collagen assay, and that of total collagen and insoluble collagen (ISC) by quantification of hydroxyproline (Hyp). Serum samples were collected from a portion of these patients (transplanted group, n = 6; weaning group n = 7) at the time the LVADs were implanted, 1 month after implantation and on explantation. Circulating concentration of carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P I CP), amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P I NP), amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (P III NP) and type I collagen telopeptide (I CTP) were measured by the equilibrium type radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Before LVAD implantation the level of NSC and ISC in the weaning group was higher but ASC in the transplanted group was lower than in the controls (P
基金This review article is supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)through TUM International Graduate School of Science and Engineering(IGSSE),GSC 81,within the project GENOMIE QADOP(JM)MK was supported by two grants from The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development(ZonMw),grant number 10430022010001,and grant number 91216062the H2020 project 101003480(CORESMA).
文摘Contact tracing is an effective method to control emerging infectious diseases.Since the 1980’s,modellers are developing a consistent theory for contact tracing,with the aim to find effective and efficient implementations,and to assess the effects of contact tracing on the spread of an infectious disease.Despite the progress made in the area,there remain important open questions.In addition,technological developments,especially in the field of molecular biology(genetic sequencing of pathogens)and modern communication(digital contact tracing),have posed new challenges for the modelling community.In the present paper,we discuss modelling approaches for contact tracing and identify some of the current challenges for the field.
基金the DFG,German Research Foundation(No.SFB 1266/290391021),for funding the research presented here.
文摘In the East European region between Prut and Dnieper,proto-urban mega-sites developed ca.4100−3600 BCE with population agglomerations of around 10000 inhabitants per site.An outline of complexity categories,based on P.Turchin et al.(2018),illustrates that“computational abilities”are first developed to make the shift from dispersed to agglomerated settlement patterns.The development of an internal decision-making system for a polity that organizes communication via public buildings on different levels,together with a site-specific track system,may be responsible for this shift(or made it possible).However,after generations,this communication pattern was not developed into further collective communication abilities(e.g.,into a writing system),while at the same time a tendency toward centralizing decision processes probably destroyed the communication flow.This ultimately led to the collapse of Tripolye mega-sites.
