Holocene initiation and expansion of the southern margins of northern peatlands triggered by the East Asian summer monsoon recession

Northern peatlands represent one of the largest biospheric carbon reservoirs in the world.Their southern margins act as new carbon reservoirs,which can greatly influence the global carbon dynamics.However,the Holocene initiation,expansion and climate sensitivity of these peatlands remain intensely debated.Here we used a compilation of basal peat ages across six isolated peatlands at the southern margins of northern peatlands to address these issues.We found that the earliest initiation event of these peatlands occurred after the Younger Dryas(YD,12,800–11,700 years ago)period.The second initiation event and rapid expansion occurred since 5 ka cal.BP.The recession of East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)during the YD period and at around 5 ka cal.BP likely played a major role in controlling the initiation and expansion of these peatlands.The rapid expansion of these peatlands possibly contributed to the significant increases in atmospheric methane concentrations during the late Holocene because of the minerotrophic fens status and rapid expansion of them.These ecological processes are different from northern peatlands,indicating the special carbon sink and source implications of these peatlands in the global carbon cycle.