Background:Dementia is a syndrome that affects a person’s ability to understand and express information.The higher prevalence of vision and/or hearing losses among persons with dementia in long-term care(LTC)faciliti...Background:Dementia is a syndrome that affects a person’s ability to understand and express information.The higher prevalence of vision and/or hearing losses among persons with dementia in long-term care(LTC)facilities interferes with the ability of nurses to provide optimal care because communication is compromised.Therefore,the detection and screening for sensory impairment is of the utmost importance in LTC facilities;however,there is currently no agreement among nursing professionals on how to best identify such losses for the purpose of further referral,and the need for a validated screening measure suitable for nurses in LTC facilities is clear.The present project aims to close this gap by investigating the screening recommendations of vision-and hearing-care professionals working with clients affected by dementia.Methods:Eleven experts in audiology,optometry,deafblindness,and technology participated in individual semi-structured interviews on the topic of tools and strategies that can be used to screen individuals with dementia for sensory loss.Interview transcripts were coded by two evaluators using verbal agreement and consensus building.Results:Three main themes emerged from the interviews with experts:barriers,facilitators,and strategies.Barriers to sensory screening were often mentioned,particularly impaired communication and lack of staff cooperation.Facilitators consisted uniquely of people,such as family members,intervenors,and nurses.Strategies for sensory screening in this population consisted of improving communication through repetition and encouragements;considerations based on familiarity;and inferring an impairment on the basis of patient behaviour.Few of our interviewees were knowledgeable on the topic of screening apps.Conclusions:Our findings,to be integrated with a similar environmental scan conducted among LTC nurses,can inform the administration of sensory impairment screening tests among a population with dementia in order to optimize care.展开更多
Background:In recent decades,several studies have been performed in the field of(non-)use of assistive technology devices(ATs)and have found that many variables are likely to be involved in the decision-making process...Background:In recent decades,several studies have been performed in the field of(non-)use of assistive technology devices(ATs)and have found that many variables are likely to be involved in the decision-making process of whether a person with a disability uses or abandons their aids.In low vision rehabilitation,high variability rates and a variety of reasons for non-use of low vision aids has been reported.Determinants of non-use of ATs have previously been categorized into personal factors,ATs factors,environmental factors of the user,and intervention factors.It is probable that some of these factors are also associated with the use of optical low vision aids(OLVAs).Thus,using a framework about adherence with medical interventions,the aim of this scoping review was to explore barriers and facilitators related to OLVAs(non-)use.Methods:Existing guidelines of the scoping review Methods were used to examine and summarize the extent,range,and nature of findings regarding factor categories associated to OLVAs usage.Searches were conducted using the following online databases:Embase,MedLine,and ERIC without limitation on publication dates.A combination of key words and MeSH terms was used based upon the identified core concepts of the research question:(I)low vision;(II)assistive technology;and(III)adherence.A charting form,a flow chart of the study selection process,and a combination of a descriptive numerical analysis and a thematic analysis of 24 studies were performed.Results:The results of this review indicate high variability rates(range:13-50%,M=24%,SD=10%)of people possessing OLVAs but not using them.Most authors do not use a precise definition of“non-use”,and when a definition is provided,the terminology is inconsistent.As expected,the four categories of variables identified are likely to be involved in OLVAs’(non-)use:(I)the largest number of concerns were personal factors.Several aspects regarding personal characteristics were identified,such as demographic,physical,psychological,social-emotional,and occupational factors.Some variables,such as age,diagnosis and visual acuity were reported as contradictorily influencing the OLVAs’usage;(II)ATs factors were associated with quality,appearance,practical aspects of use and the very type of OLVAs;(III)environmental factors referred to social support,physical barriers,expectations of the social environment,presence of a helper,and stigmatization;(IV)finally,intervention factors consisted of taking into account user’s opinions,positive health care experiences,instruction and training,provision processes,delivery periods,and follow-up services.Conclusions:This scoping review provides the preliminary evidence that factors related to OLVAs non-use could be classified into the same four typical categories described in the theory of non-adherence.These results suggest that strategies intended to enhance adherence might be for OLVAs should focus on these four aspects of device use.展开更多
Background:Spot reading,the ability to obtain short pieces of visual information,can easily be rehabilitated with magnification devices,such as loupes or portable closed-circuit TVs(CCTVs).However,they have limitation...Background:Spot reading,the ability to obtain short pieces of visual information,can easily be rehabilitated with magnification devices,such as loupes or portable closed-circuit TVs(CCTVs).However,they have limitations such as screen size and price and have previously been shown to be stigmatizing when used in public.The arrival of tablet computers provides an alternative with greater magnification at a reduced price.We present preliminary results on the objective and subjective comparison of the iPad and a portable CCTV for spot-reading tasks.Methods:Twenty-three men and 30 women aged 19-93 years,with impaired visual acuity(<20/60)due to central visual impairment,were asked to complete spot-reading tasks involving three common objects(TV cable bill,nutrition info on food package,box of eye drops)using the iPad and a portable CCTV in randomized order.We measured their ability to complete each task and the time it took,in addition to their subjective device assessment and preference.Results:A Bayes Factor and effect size analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the device conditions in the time to complete each task[BF01>4.05,median=−0.043,95%credible interval(−0.21,0.234)].Choosing one device over the other may simply depend on preference which,in our cohort,was divided(39.6%iPad,56.6%CCTV,3.8%neither)and which could be influenced by factors such as device size,usability or stigmatization.Conclusions:The data indicate that,for certain spot reading tasks and levels of difficulty,the use of a tablet computer may be as efficient and effective as a traditional device such as a portable CCTV.Future investigations will further examine device preference as we predict that it may influence device success and continuation of use.展开更多
文摘Background:Dementia is a syndrome that affects a person’s ability to understand and express information.The higher prevalence of vision and/or hearing losses among persons with dementia in long-term care(LTC)facilities interferes with the ability of nurses to provide optimal care because communication is compromised.Therefore,the detection and screening for sensory impairment is of the utmost importance in LTC facilities;however,there is currently no agreement among nursing professionals on how to best identify such losses for the purpose of further referral,and the need for a validated screening measure suitable for nurses in LTC facilities is clear.The present project aims to close this gap by investigating the screening recommendations of vision-and hearing-care professionals working with clients affected by dementia.Methods:Eleven experts in audiology,optometry,deafblindness,and technology participated in individual semi-structured interviews on the topic of tools and strategies that can be used to screen individuals with dementia for sensory loss.Interview transcripts were coded by two evaluators using verbal agreement and consensus building.Results:Three main themes emerged from the interviews with experts:barriers,facilitators,and strategies.Barriers to sensory screening were often mentioned,particularly impaired communication and lack of staff cooperation.Facilitators consisted uniquely of people,such as family members,intervenors,and nurses.Strategies for sensory screening in this population consisted of improving communication through repetition and encouragements;considerations based on familiarity;and inferring an impairment on the basis of patient behaviour.Few of our interviewees were knowledgeable on the topic of screening apps.Conclusions:Our findings,to be integrated with a similar environmental scan conducted among LTC nurses,can inform the administration of sensory impairment screening tests among a population with dementia in order to optimize care.
文摘Background:In recent decades,several studies have been performed in the field of(non-)use of assistive technology devices(ATs)and have found that many variables are likely to be involved in the decision-making process of whether a person with a disability uses or abandons their aids.In low vision rehabilitation,high variability rates and a variety of reasons for non-use of low vision aids has been reported.Determinants of non-use of ATs have previously been categorized into personal factors,ATs factors,environmental factors of the user,and intervention factors.It is probable that some of these factors are also associated with the use of optical low vision aids(OLVAs).Thus,using a framework about adherence with medical interventions,the aim of this scoping review was to explore barriers and facilitators related to OLVAs(non-)use.Methods:Existing guidelines of the scoping review Methods were used to examine and summarize the extent,range,and nature of findings regarding factor categories associated to OLVAs usage.Searches were conducted using the following online databases:Embase,MedLine,and ERIC without limitation on publication dates.A combination of key words and MeSH terms was used based upon the identified core concepts of the research question:(I)low vision;(II)assistive technology;and(III)adherence.A charting form,a flow chart of the study selection process,and a combination of a descriptive numerical analysis and a thematic analysis of 24 studies were performed.Results:The results of this review indicate high variability rates(range:13-50%,M=24%,SD=10%)of people possessing OLVAs but not using them.Most authors do not use a precise definition of“non-use”,and when a definition is provided,the terminology is inconsistent.As expected,the four categories of variables identified are likely to be involved in OLVAs’(non-)use:(I)the largest number of concerns were personal factors.Several aspects regarding personal characteristics were identified,such as demographic,physical,psychological,social-emotional,and occupational factors.Some variables,such as age,diagnosis and visual acuity were reported as contradictorily influencing the OLVAs’usage;(II)ATs factors were associated with quality,appearance,practical aspects of use and the very type of OLVAs;(III)environmental factors referred to social support,physical barriers,expectations of the social environment,presence of a helper,and stigmatization;(IV)finally,intervention factors consisted of taking into account user’s opinions,positive health care experiences,instruction and training,provision processes,delivery periods,and follow-up services.Conclusions:This scoping review provides the preliminary evidence that factors related to OLVAs non-use could be classified into the same four typical categories described in the theory of non-adherence.These results suggest that strategies intended to enhance adherence might be for OLVAs should focus on these four aspects of device use.
文摘Background:Spot reading,the ability to obtain short pieces of visual information,can easily be rehabilitated with magnification devices,such as loupes or portable closed-circuit TVs(CCTVs).However,they have limitations such as screen size and price and have previously been shown to be stigmatizing when used in public.The arrival of tablet computers provides an alternative with greater magnification at a reduced price.We present preliminary results on the objective and subjective comparison of the iPad and a portable CCTV for spot-reading tasks.Methods:Twenty-three men and 30 women aged 19-93 years,with impaired visual acuity(<20/60)due to central visual impairment,were asked to complete spot-reading tasks involving three common objects(TV cable bill,nutrition info on food package,box of eye drops)using the iPad and a portable CCTV in randomized order.We measured their ability to complete each task and the time it took,in addition to their subjective device assessment and preference.Results:A Bayes Factor and effect size analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the device conditions in the time to complete each task[BF01>4.05,median=−0.043,95%credible interval(−0.21,0.234)].Choosing one device over the other may simply depend on preference which,in our cohort,was divided(39.6%iPad,56.6%CCTV,3.8%neither)and which could be influenced by factors such as device size,usability or stigmatization.Conclusions:The data indicate that,for certain spot reading tasks and levels of difficulty,the use of a tablet computer may be as efficient and effective as a traditional device such as a portable CCTV.Future investigations will further examine device preference as we predict that it may influence device success and continuation of use.
