Assessment of the Sensitivity of Soil Parameters in Sediment Production in the Ichu River Experimental Basin

This research aims to determine how much is the sensitivity of soil parameters in the production of sediments through the model distributed at the level of cells in the Ichu River Basin,which is located in the Andes of Peru,with an approximate surface area of 1,380.17 km2,corresponding to the control section and tributary to the Mantaro River.Also,for the evaluation of sensitivity determine the amount of sediments of the textures:silt,clay and sand.To achieve the objectives that have been raised in this research has been used the conceptual distributed hydrological model TETIS v9.1,which has been calibrated and validated using the climatic variables that are recorded at the hourly level in six weather stations and a hydrometric station,synthetic precipitation was also used withsatellite stations(CHIRPS)of the Climate Hazards Group that has registered with a grid of 0.05 degrees of resolution,from 1981 to the present.To determine the solid component,the TETIS v9.1 model uses the equations developed in the CASCade 2 Dimensional SEDimentation model(CASC2D-SED)that presents conceptual approaches with physical basis.The sediment processes on slopes this CASC2D-SED model simulates in two dimensions,as well as helps to determine the quantification of sediments at any point in the basin considering all physical processes.On the other hand,the OpenLandMap data portal has been used for land cover data of the K factor corresponding to the susceptibility of the soil that can suffer losses due to erosion.Also,the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)observation system to determine the Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices(NDVI)for the culture factor C.The parameter P corresponding to the conservation technique applied,has been developed using remote sensing techniques using the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform.Finally,the results obtained from the evaluation of the sensitivity of the parameters are significant,in this way the hypothesis that is raised is approved.

Analysis and Prediction of Risks From Rockfall in the Huancavelica City

This research refers to the analysis and prediction of rockfall risk,whose objective is to determine the results of the validation of the model and application of modeling in the Rocfall Software,in this way to prepare the map of risk areas.Likewise,the general problem was identified:What are the results of the analysis and prediction of risks from rockfall in the city of Huancavelica?To respond to the problem posed,the following steps were carried out:obtaining field information with Drone equipment and using photogrammetric processes the topography of the study area was obtained,identification of unstable areas,trajectories,traces of the previously occurred landslides and five geomechanical stations.The specific weight of eight rock samples in the laboratory of the National University of Huancavelica was also calculated,which served to obtain the weight of the large-scale rock blocks.In addition,the normal and tangential restitution coefficients were calibrated,that is,field trials.Once the data were obtained,modeling was carried out by applying the Rocfall software,whose results of ten trajectories were:final distance reached,bounce height,kinetic energy and translational speed.With these values,risk maps have been prepared,taking into account the areas of housing vulnerability in the city of Huancavelica.Finally,it is proposed to mitigate these risks of rockfall,with dynamic barriers,which is important for the security of housing in the analysis sectors.

Determination of the Real Dotation and Forecast of the Potable Water System in the Huancavelica City, Peru

The research entitled,“Determination of the Real Dotation and Forecast of the Potable Water System in the Huancavelica city-Peru”,has as objective to determine and analyze the actual endowment and prognosis of the drinking water system in the city of Huancavelica.The city of Huancavelica has a population of approximately 50,000.00 inhabitants and 10,680.00 users of drinking water and sewerage according to the source Companies Providing This Service,the same one that is located in the western chain and central saw range of Perúand belongs to a cold climate.The sample was extracted through Companies Providing This Service EMAPA Huancavelica SA(Anonymous Society),which corresponds to 1,296 data from the consumption of water in cubic meters of each dwelling located in the various categories of each sector.The results obtained from the research indicate that the category that consumed more water during the period 2004-2018 was the domestic category,the same one that had an average of 1,152,123 cubic meters,this is due to the population growth of each year.On the other side,the category that consumed the least water was the social category,the average consumption of which was 11,903.47 cubic meters.In addition,the greatest variability in water consumption is in the state category,the total variation being equal to 21.6%.In the Huancavelica city,water consumption has a growing trend and to predict the volume of drinking water consumption by 2030,water consumption was transformed by first differences,using the ARIMA(Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average)model for total consumption model(0-1-1)(2-0-0)-12 and for the domestic consumption the ARIMA model(0-1-2)(0-0-2)-12.On the other hand,water consumption was analyzed on a monthly basis in which there is greater variability for the months June-6 and December-12.It was taken into account for the calculation of the endowment the domestic consumption,having values ranging from 6.45 L/inhab/day until 1,460 L/inhab/day,which reflects a considerable variation to consider.The average value in the spring station is 109.44 L/inhab/day,in the summer station it is 116.93 L/inhab/day,in the autumn station it is 117.17 L/inhab/day and in the winter station it is 108.48 L/inhab/day.Also,the average minimum endowment equal to 7.66 L/inhab/day was obtained,the average maximum endowment is of 569.03 L/inhab/day and the actual endowment 113.01 L/inhab/day.Finally,it is concluded that the estimated average actual endowment for the Huancavelica city,that is to say,113.01 L/inhab/day,is much less than that indicated in the Norma OS.100 of the Basic Considerations of Sanitary Infrastructure Design of the RNE(Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones),the same one that mentions the endowment equal to 180 L/inhab/day for cold climates,which means a reduction of costs in the dimensioning of hydraulic structures and sanitation and drinking water works.

Performance between the Hydraulic Gradient Method and the Perturbation Method for the Analysis of Water Supply Networks

The HGM(Hydraulic Gradient Method),it is used in most of the current commercial software,such as EPANET,WaterCAD,MikeNet,among others,the same that corresponds to an iterative method that depends on initial estimated parameters and programming structures that ensure convergence to obtain results with the highest precision,in addition to this the method makes use of non-linear equation systems.Likewise,the execution time for large extensions of water distribution networks is considerably high.On the other hand,the PM(Perturbation Method),is a new direct solution method,which makes use of principles of quantum mechanics to transform nonlinear equations into simpler linear systems.Obtaining a simple and robust optimization method that only requires simple and direct mathematical processes.Using the MathCad and Python programming languages as a verification tool,multiple tests were carried out,the results for the hydraulic parameters showing that the flow rates and pressures obtained by the HGM and the PM are extremely similar,in the same way the execution time(time run)have been 77.09%favorable to the PM.In other words,the PM presents efficiency to estimate the hydraulic characteristics such as the pressures at the nodes and the velocities in the pipes of the drinking water distribution networks.