The rapid globalization of building standards and codes in regards of contemporary housing and the growth of populations during this century demands an immediate response from designers in terms of space rationalizing...The rapid globalization of building standards and codes in regards of contemporary housing and the growth of populations during this century demands an immediate response from designers in terms of space rationalizing to fulfill the forthcoming lack of architectural habitat on earth. The differences in culture imply a difference in the way of living, and the way of living indicates a contrast in the way of designing houses. A western house does not need an extra room covered with tatami mats for relaxation as a modern Japanese home would most likely do, as a separate living-like space. Organizations, among others, like CABO (Council of American Building Officials) and, in our specific case study, BCJ (Building Center of Japan) together with BRI (Building Research Institute) try to overcome these differences to provide better housing conditions to the world through the formulation of global designing and building standards. International publications like UBC (Uniform Building Code), IBC (International Building Code), OTFDC (One and Two Family Dwelling Code) and BSLJ (Building Standard Law of Japan) have also played an important role to globalize safety and design codes to better understand global housing under normal conditions. However, space limitations and concentration of human masses in mega cities result in a crucial new consideration: the urgent need of investigating the possibilities of rationally living within less space. Minimums provided by most codes do not take into account the space issue and overpopulation of large cities. Providing with some design recommendations for one-family dwellings has been the departure point and main motivation to carry out this case study based on actual buildings with the lack of space conditioning in a country where these conditions turn into reality.展开更多
The survey of historic buildings is very important for architectural conservation.An integral survey allows perpetuating the building historical memory,deciphering it for future generations,and recovering it in case o...The survey of historic buildings is very important for architectural conservation.An integral survey allows perpetuating the building historical memory,deciphering it for future generations,and recovering it in case of accidental loss.The Baptistery of Florence survey was done with four measuring methods:the"direct"one,which employs traditional measuring tools;the"indirect"one,which expedites the dimension-gathering process with more preci-sion;and the"photogrammetric"one,which uses snapshots to facilitate the representation process with computers.An innova tive measuring concept,known here as the"recovery sur-vey",synthetizes graphical reality so that irregularities--due to the project materialization and deterioration over time-disappear;therefore,retrieving the building original design.Col-umns with their bases,shafts and capitals,as well as entablatures with their architraves,friezes and cornices were under study.The three Greek orders(Doric,lonic and Corinthian)together with the two roman orders(Tuscan and Composite)unveiled the classical architecture significance.These constituents,which reoccur inside and outside the baptistery,were measured as part of these holistic survey and recovery process,to achieve the objective of this research study:the recording of this world historical building through an integral survey and rilievo to decode its significance and symbolism.展开更多
文摘The rapid globalization of building standards and codes in regards of contemporary housing and the growth of populations during this century demands an immediate response from designers in terms of space rationalizing to fulfill the forthcoming lack of architectural habitat on earth. The differences in culture imply a difference in the way of living, and the way of living indicates a contrast in the way of designing houses. A western house does not need an extra room covered with tatami mats for relaxation as a modern Japanese home would most likely do, as a separate living-like space. Organizations, among others, like CABO (Council of American Building Officials) and, in our specific case study, BCJ (Building Center of Japan) together with BRI (Building Research Institute) try to overcome these differences to provide better housing conditions to the world through the formulation of global designing and building standards. International publications like UBC (Uniform Building Code), IBC (International Building Code), OTFDC (One and Two Family Dwelling Code) and BSLJ (Building Standard Law of Japan) have also played an important role to globalize safety and design codes to better understand global housing under normal conditions. However, space limitations and concentration of human masses in mega cities result in a crucial new consideration: the urgent need of investigating the possibilities of rationally living within less space. Minimums provided by most codes do not take into account the space issue and overpopulation of large cities. Providing with some design recommendations for one-family dwellings has been the departure point and main motivation to carry out this case study based on actual buildings with the lack of space conditioning in a country where these conditions turn into reality.
文摘The survey of historic buildings is very important for architectural conservation.An integral survey allows perpetuating the building historical memory,deciphering it for future generations,and recovering it in case of accidental loss.The Baptistery of Florence survey was done with four measuring methods:the"direct"one,which employs traditional measuring tools;the"indirect"one,which expedites the dimension-gathering process with more preci-sion;and the"photogrammetric"one,which uses snapshots to facilitate the representation process with computers.An innova tive measuring concept,known here as the"recovery sur-vey",synthetizes graphical reality so that irregularities--due to the project materialization and deterioration over time-disappear;therefore,retrieving the building original design.Col-umns with their bases,shafts and capitals,as well as entablatures with their architraves,friezes and cornices were under study.The three Greek orders(Doric,lonic and Corinthian)together with the two roman orders(Tuscan and Composite)unveiled the classical architecture significance.These constituents,which reoccur inside and outside the baptistery,were measured as part of these holistic survey and recovery process,to achieve the objective of this research study:the recording of this world historical building through an integral survey and rilievo to decode its significance and symbolism.
