彩色多普勒血流对良恶性甲状腺结节的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒血流对良恶性甲状腺结节的诊断价值。方法选取2018年1月—2018年9月在杭州市中医院行甲状腺结节手术的119例患者,回顾性分析患者相关资料和检查结果。以术后病理为金标准,将患者分为良性组和恶性组。观察两组患者的结节大小、分布、形态、彩色多普勒超声声像特点及血流信号值。结果以术后病理为金标准,彩色多普勒超声的诊断的准确率为81.05%;两组患者结节大小、位置及数量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的回声、边缘、钙化、强回声及包膜侵犯比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的血流分值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论彩色多普勒血流信号对甲状腺良恶性结节具有较好的诊断价值。

应用多重竞争性PCR联合毛细管电泳技术进行脊髓性肌萎缩症携带者筛查

脊髓性肌萎缩症(spinal muscular atrophy,SMA)是一种常染色体隐性遗传、儿童致死性神经系统疾病。SMA致病基因为运动神经元存活基因(survival motor neuron1,SMN1)。虽然检测SMN1基因拷贝数的方法众多,但目前适于大规模人群筛查的技术较少。为寻求一种快速准确的实验技术可以用于人群中SMA携带者的大规模筛查,了解区域人群携带情况及常见变异的分布,本研究应用多重竞争性PCR联合毛细管电泳技术检测12例SMA患者及其父母SMN1基因拷贝数,同时对江苏地区151例健康孕妇人群SMN1基因进行拷贝数检测,并通过多重连接依赖探针扩增(multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification,MLPA)技术验证检测结果。多重竞争性PCR联合毛细管电泳技术结果与MLPA结果一致,显示12例SMA患者均为SMN1基因零拷贝,其父母的SMN1基因拷贝数均为单拷贝,151例健康人群中检测出SMN1基因单拷贝3例(即SMA携带者),占2.0%;SMN1基因双拷贝134例,占88.7%;SMN1基因大于双拷贝14例,占9.3%。因此,多重竞争性PCR联合毛细管电泳技术作为一种快速、简便和准确的检测技术具有着应用于人群中SMA携带者的大规模筛查的潜力。

Design of the Full-disk Magneto Graph (FMG) onboard the ASO-S

The Full-disk Magneto Graph(FMG),a payload onboard the Advanced Space Solar Observatory(ASO-S),will measure the vector magnetic field in the photosphere.The instrument consists of a frontwindow filter,a telescope,an LCVR polarimeter,an image-stabilization system,a seven-stage tunable Lyot filter,a CMOS camera with 4096×4096 pixels and a pair of calibration/focus wheels.In this paper,we describe the design of the FMG instrument and provide a summary of test observations carried out with the FMG prototype.

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在甲状腺乳头状癌中的分布及临床意义的初探

目的:初步探讨肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)及M2型TAMs与甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)临床病理特征的关系。方法:选取2010年1月至2017年12月云南省肿瘤医院昆明医科大学第三附属医院就诊的68例患者的临床资料,其中甲状腺癌51例(PTC 42例,甲状腺鳞状细胞癌9例),甲状腺良性病变17例。免疫组织化学法检测术后病理组织中TAMs和M2型TAMs的分布情况,并分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系。结果:甲状腺癌组织中CD68^(+)TAMs、CD206^(+)TAMs和CD68^(+)/CD206^(+)TAMs的分布强度均高于甲状腺良性病变(P<0.05)。在PTC组织内存在CD68−/CD206^(+)TAMs形式的分布。42例PTC中,有淋巴结转移组及肿瘤大小≥2 cm组中CD68^(+)TAMs和CD68^(+)/CD206^(+)TAMs的分布强度高于无淋巴结转移组和肿瘤大小<2 cm组(P<0.05)。在PTC大小<2 cm及Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期的情况下,CD206^(+)TAMs分布强度高于CD68^(+)TAMs(均P<0.001)。PTC组织中CD206^(+)TAMs分布强度与CD68^(+)TAMs分布强度呈正相关(P<0.05)。在PTC患者的T3、TgAb、FT3及FT4正常组与异常组之间CD68^(+)TAMs的分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);CD68^(+)/CD206^(+)TAMs的分布分别在PTC患者的T3、FT3及FT4正常组与异常组之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TAMs、M2型TAMs对PTC的发生具有一定促进作用,TAMs促进PTC颈部淋巴结转移、肿瘤的生长及影响甲状腺激素水平的调节;在PTC微环境中未发现M2型TAMs从属于TAMs的关系,而在PTC早期微环境中主要是以M2型TAMs为主。

nterferon alpha （IFNα）-induced TRIM22 interrupts HCV ＇eplication by ubiquitinating NS5A

TRIM22, a tripartite-motif （TRIM） protein, is upregulated upon interferon alpha （IFNa） administration to hepatitis C virus （HCV）-infected patients. However, the physiological role of TRIM22 upregulation remains unclear. Here, we describe a potential antiviral function of TRI M22＇s targeting of the HCV NSSA protein. NS5A is important for HCV replication and for resistance to I FNa therapy. During the first 24 h following the initiation of I FNa treatment, upregulation of TRIM22 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） of HCV patients correlated with a decrease in viral titer. This phenomenon was confirmed in the hepatocyte-derived cell line Huh-7, which is highly permissive for HCV infection. TRIM22 over-expression inhibited HCV replication, and Small interfering RNA （siRNA）-mediated knockdown of TRIM22 diminished IFNα-induced anti-HCV function. Furthermore, we determined that TRIM22 ubiquitinates NS5A in a concentration-dependent manner. In summary, our results suggest that TRIM22 upregulation is associated with HCV decline during IFNα treatment and Dlavs an important role in controlling HCV replication in vitro.

Injectable dual glucose-responsive hydrogel-micelle composite for mimicking physiological basal and prandial insulin delivery

For type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetic patients, insulin replacement therapy with simulating on-demand prandial and basal insulin secretion is the best option for optimal glycemic control. However, there is no insulin delivery system yet could mimic both controlled basal insulin release and rapid prandial insulin release in response to real-time blood glucose changes. Here we reported an artificial insulin delivery system, mimicking physiological basal and prandial insulin secretion, to achieve real-time glycemic control and reduce risk of hypoglycemia. A phenylboronic acid(PBA)/galactosyl-based glucose-responsive insulin delivery system was prepared with insulin-loaded micelles embedded in hydrogel matrix. At the hyperglycemic state, both the hydrogel and micelles could swell and achieve rapid glucose-responsive release of insulin, mimicking prandial insulin secretion.When the glucose level returned to the normal state, only the micelles partially responded to glucose and still released insulin gradually. The hydrogel with increased crosslinking density could slow down the diffusion speed of insulin inside, resulting in controlled release of insulin and simulating physiological basal insulin secretion. This hydrogel-micelle composite insulin delivery system could quickly reduce the blood glucose level in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes, and maintain normal blood glucose level without hypoglycemia for about 24 h. This kind of glucose-responsive hydrogel-micelle composite may be a promising candidate for delivery of insulin in the treatment of diabetes.

Outcome of multimodal MRI-guided intravenous thrombolysis in patients with stroke with unknown time of onset

Objective Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator(tPA)is the standard therapy for patients with acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)within 4.5 hours of onset.Recent trials have expanded the endovascular treatment window to 24 hours.We investigated the efficacy and safety of using multimodal MRI to guide intravenous tPA treatment for patients with AIS of unknown time of onset(UTO).Methods Data on patients with AIS with UTO and within 4.5 hours of onset were reviewed.Data elements collected and analysed included:demographics,National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score at baseline and 2 hours,24 hours,7 days after thrombolysis and before discharge,the modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score at 3 months after discharge,imaging findings and any adverse event.results Forty-two patients with UTO and 62 in control group treated within 4.5 hours of onset were treated with intravenous tPA.The NIHSS scores after thrombolysis and/or before discharge in UTO group were significantly improved compared with the baseline(p<0.05).Between the two groups,no significant differences in NIHSS score were observed(p>0.05).Utilising the non-inferiority test,to compare mRS scores(0-2)at 3 months between the two groups,the difference was 5.2%(92%CI,OR 0.196).Patients in the UTO group had mRS scores of 0-2,which were non-inferior to the control group.Their incidence of adverse events was similar.Conclusions Utilising multimodal MRI to guide intravenous only thrombolysis for patients with AIS with UTO was safe and effective.In those patients with AIS between 6 and 24 hours of time of onset but without large arterial occlusion,intravenous thrombolysis could be considered an option.

Characterization of N-nitrosodimethylamine formation from the ozonation of ranitidine

N-nitrosodimethylamine（NDMA） is an emerging disinfection by-product which is formed during water disinfection in the presence of amine-based precursors. Ranitidine, as one kind of amine-based pharmaceuticals, has been identified as NDMA precursor with high NDMA molar conversion during chloramination. This study focused on the characterization of NDMA formation during ozonation of ranitidine. Influences of operational variables（ozone dose, pH value） and water matrix on NDMA generation as well as ranitidine degradation were evaluated. The results indicate high reactivity of ranitidine with ozone.Dimethylamine（DMA） and NDMA were generated due to ranitidine oxidation. High pH value caused more NDMA accumulation. NDMA formation was inhibited under acid conditions（pH ≤ 5） mainly due to the protonation of amines. Water matrix such as HCO-3and humic acid impacted NDMA generation due to UOH scavenging. Compared with UOH,ozone molecules dominated the productions of DMA and NDMA. However, UOH was a critical factor in NDMA degradation. Transformation products of ranitidine during ozonation were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Among these products, just DMA and N,N-dimethylformamide could contribute to NDMA formation due to the DMA group in the molecular structures. The NDMA formation pathway from ranitidine ozonation was also proposed.

Modification of polycarbonateurethane surface with poly （ethylene glycol） monoacrylate and phosphorylcholine glyceraldehyde for anti-platelet adhesion

Poly（ethylene glycol） monoacrylate （PEGMA） is grafted onto polycarbonateurethane （PCU） surface via ultraviolet initiated photopolymerization. The hydroxyl groups of poly（PEGMA） on the surface react with one NCO group of isophorone diisocyanate （IPD1） and another NCO group of IPDI is then hydrolyzed to form amino terminal group, which is further grafted with phosphorylcholine glyceraldehyde to establish a biocompatible hydrophilic structure on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the successful grafting of both PEG and phosphorylcholine functional groups on the surface. The decrease of the water contact angle for the modified film is caused by synergic effect of PEG and phosphorylcholine, which both have the high hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the number of platelets adhered is relative low on the synergetically modified PCU film compared with the PCU film modified only by poly（PEGMA）. Our synergic modification method using both PEG and phosphorylcho- line may be applied in surface modification of bloodcontacting biomaterials and some relevant devices.