小麦穗发芽抗性相关基因研究进展

穗发芽会造成小麦籽粒产量和质量的下降,给小麦生产带来重大损失,选用抗性品种是降低穗发芽危害的经济有效手段。随着分子生物学的不断发展,小麦穗发芽抗性相关基因得到解析,并开发了育种可用的分子标记。本文对粒色基因、Vp-1、Sdr等和穗发芽抗性相关的重要基因的研究进展进行综述。

XPS study of potassium-promoted molybdenum carbides for mixed alcohols synthesis via CO hydrogenation

The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） was used to investigate the surface characteristic of potassium-promoted or un-promoted both β-Mo2C and α-MoC1-x pretreated by syngas at different temperatures,and the promotional effect of potassium on the catalytic performance was also studied.XPS results revealed that the content of surface Mo and its valence distribution between β-Mo2C and α-MoC1-x were quite different.Promoted by potassium,the remarkable changes were observed for surface composition and valence of Mo distribution over β-Mo2C.Potassium had strong electronic effect on β-Mo2C,which led to a higher Mo4＋ content.On the contrary,potassium had little electronic effect on α-MoC1-x,and K-Mo interaction was weak.Therefore,Mo0 and Mo2＋ became the dominant species on the catalyst surface,and the Mo4＋ content showed almost no increase as the pretreatment temperature enhanced.In terms of catalytic performance of molybdenum carbides,the increase in Mo0 most likely explained the increase in hydrocarbon selectivity,yet Mo4＋ might be responsible for the alcohols synthesis.

Nickel and potassium co-modified β-Mo_2C catalyst for CO conversion

Nickel and potassium co-modified β-Mo2C catalysts were prepared and used for CO hydrogenation reaction. The major products over β-Mo2C were C1-C4 hydrocarbons, only few alcohols were obtained. Addition of potassium resulted in remarkable selectivity shift from hydrocarbons to alcohols at the expense of CO conversion over β-Mo2C. Moreover, it was found that potassium enhanced the ability of chain propagation with a higher C2＋OH production. Modified by nickel,β-Mo2C showed a relatively high CO conversion, however, the products were similar to those of pure β-Mo2C. When co-modified by nickel and potassium,β-Mo2C exhibited high activity and selectivity towards mixed alcohols synthesis, and also the whole chain propagation to produce alcohols especially for the stage of C1 OH to C2OH was remarkably enhanced. It was concluded that the Ni and K had, to some extent, synergistic effect on CO conversion.

Catalytic performance of Fe modified K/Mo_2C catalyst for CO hydrogenation

Fe modified and un-modified K/Mo2C were prepared and investigated as catalysts for CO hydrogenation reaction. Compared with K/Mo2C catalyst, the addition of Fe increased the production of alcohols, especially the C2＋OH. Meanwhile, considerable amounts of C5＋ hydrocar- bons and C2= -C4= were formed, whereas methane selectivity greatly decreased. Also, the activity and selectivity of the catalyst were readily affected by the reaction pressure and temperature employed. According to the XPS results, Mo4＋ might be responsible for the production of alcohols, whereas the low valence state of Mo species such as Mo^0 and/or Mo^2＋ might be account for the high activity and selectivity toward hydrocarbons.

Research on Effect of Biolatex Surface Sizing on Paper Properties

Biolatex, a new type of paper coating adhesive that has been developed in recent years, has mainly been used in pre-coating and middle coating, due to its advantages of decreasing the associated cost and pollution by partly replacing petro-latex. In this paper, application of biolatex as a surface sizing agent and effects of various factors, such as titanium dioxide addition, on the properties of the sized paper were compared. The results showed that, addition of titanium dioxide to biolatex could improve the whiteness, internal bond strength, and ink absorption. Furthermore, application of the No.4 biolatex resulted in better surface strength, bond strength, and ink absorption of the sized paper than application of polyvinyl alcohol.

THE CHIRAL SELECTIVITY IN ACROSS－MEMBRANE TRANSPORT OF 1，2－DIAMINOCYCLOHEXANE PLATINUM（II）COMPLEXES AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF LEAVING GROUPS

The uptake kinetics of platinum(II)complexes of 1,2 -diaminocyclohexane(dach)isomers(1R,2R-dach, 1R,2S-dach. 1S,2S-dach) with various leaving groups, Chloride(CI), oxalate (OX),squaric acid(SA), and demethylcantharic acid (DA) was studied in the plasma isotonic buffer. The experimentalresults show that across-membrane transport of all the platinum complexes studied follows a firstorder Kinetic process and a passive diffustion mechanism. The uptake rate constants of these platinum(II)complexes decrease in the following sequence with the k value(h-1):CI>SA>OX>DA. It isnoteworthy that the k values of the platinum(II)complexes with same leaving group reduce as: 1R,2R-dach>1R,2S-dach>1S,2S-dach. Based on these results, it is firstly suggested that the erythocytemembrane recognizes the chirality of these platinum complexes.

Single-step thermal carburization synthesis of supported molybdenum carbides from molybdenum-containing methyl-silica

A novel synthesis route to obtain highly dispersed molybdenum carbides in porous silica is described. The synthesis was carried out by a single-step heat treatment of molybdenum-containing and methyl-modified silica （Mo-M-SiO2） in argon atmosphere at 973 K. Mo-M-SiO2 precursor was facilely obtained via a one-pot synthesis route, using （NH4）6Mo7O24 4H2O （AHM） as molybdenum sources and polymethylhydrosiloxane （PMHS） as silica sources at the initial synthetic step. The optimal C/Mo molar ratio in reaction system for complete carburization of molybdenum species was 7. The carburization process of molybdenum species followed a nontopotactic route involving a MoO2 intermediate phase, which was evidenced by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption and in situ XPS. Formation mechanism of Mo-M-SiO2 precursor was also proposed by observation of the reaction between AHM and PMHS with TEM. Furthermore, by adding TEOS into silica sources and adjusting TEOS/PMHS mass ratio, crystal phase of molybdenum carbides transferred from β-Mo2C to α-MoC1-x, and SiO2 structure changed from microporous to micro/mesoporous. Catalytic performances of samples were tested using CO hydrogenation as a probe reaction. The supported molybdenum carbides exhibited high selectivity for higher alcohol synthesis compared with bulk β-Mo2C and α-MoC1-x.

Individualized treatment of breast cancer with chronic renal failure: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that patients with chronic renal failure(CRF)are more likely to suffer from breast cancer and other malignant tumors.To our knowledge,CRF can reduce drug excretion,thereby increase drug exposure and lead to increased toxicity,which will limit drug treatment and lead to tumor progression.Currently,there are few successful reports on the combination of docetaxel,trastuzumab,and pertuzumab(THP)as a neoadjuvant treatment regimen for breast cancer patients with CRF.CASE SUMMARY We report a breast cancer(cT2N2M0,Her-2+/HR-)patient with CRF.It was a clinical stage IIIA tumor on the left breast.The patient had suffered from uremia for 2 years,and her heart function was normal.Based on the pathological type,molecular type,and clinical stage of breast cancer,and the patient’s renal function,the clinician analyzed the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the antitumor drugs after consulting the relevant literature,and prescribed the neoadjuvant regimen of THP(docetaxel 80 mg/m²,trastuzumab 8 mg/kg for the first dose,and 6 mg/kg for the maintenance dose with pertuzumab 840 mg for the first dose and 420 mg for the maintenance dose),once every 3 wk,for a total of 6 courses.The neoadjuvant treatment had a good effect,and the patient then underwent surgery which was uneventful.CONCLUSION CRF is not a contraindication for systemic treatment and surgery of breast cancer.The THP regimen without dose adjustment may be a safe and effective neoadjuvant treatment for HER-2 positive breast cancer patients with CRF.

Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid with a single metastatic lesion in the lumbar spine:A case report

BACKGROUND The bone is the second most common site of thyroid cancer metastasis,after the lung.Treatment options for bone metastasis of thyroid cancer include surgery,radioiodine therapy(RAIT),external radiation therapy,thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)inhibition,bisphosphonates,and small-molecule targeted therapies.In most cases,thyroid carcinoma is found in the thyroid tissue;reports of follicular thyroid carcinoma with a single metastasis to the lumbar spine are rare.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of bone metastasis as the only clinical manifestation of thyroid cancer.The patient was a 67-year-old woman with lumbar pain for 7 years and aggravation with intermittent claudication who had previously undergone partial thyroidectomy of a benign thyroid lesion.No abnormal nodules were found in the bilateral thyroid glands.However,imaging studies were consistent with a spinal tumor,and the lesion was diagnosed as a metastatic follicular carcinoma of thyroid origin.We adopted a multidisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive treatment approach.The patient underwent lumbar spine surgery,total resection of the thyroid,postoperative TSH suppression therapy,and RAIT.There were no complications associated with the operation,and the patient had good postoperative recovery.She has experienced no recurrence.CONCLUSION Follicular thyroid carcinoma is associated with early hematogenous metastasis,and the bone is a typical site of metastasis.Single bone metastasis is not a contraindication to medical procedures,and providing the appropriate therapy can result in better outcomes and quality of life for these patients.

Nomogram for predicting overall survival in Chinese triple-negative breast cancer patients after surgery

BACKGROUND There are few nomograms for the prognosis of Chinese patients with triplenegative breast cancer(TNBC).AIM To construct and validate a nomogram for overall survival(OS)of Chinese TNBC patients after surgery.METHODS This study used the data of SEER*stat 8.3.5 and selected Chinese patients with TNBC operated on between 2010 and 2015.Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used.The identified variables were integrated to form a predictive nomogram and risk stratification model;it was assessed with C-indexes and calibration curves.RESULTS The median and maximal OS of the 336 patients was 39 and 83 mo,respectively.The multivariate analysis showed that age(P=0.043),marital status(P=0.040),tumor localization(P=0.030),grade(P=0.035),T classification(P=0.012),and N classification(P=0.002)were independent prognostic factors.The six variables were combined to construct a 1-,3-and 5-year OS nomogram.The C-indexes of the nomogram to predict OS were 0.766 and compared to the seventh edition staging system,which was higher(0.766 vs 0.707,P<0.001).In order to categorize patients into different prognostic groups,a risk stratification model was created.There was a significant difference between the Kaplan–Meier curves of the entire cohort and each disease stage according to the nomogram.CONCLUSION The nomogram provided prognostic superiority over the traditional tumor,node and metastasis system.It could help clinicians make individual OS or risk predictions for Chinese TNBC patients after surgery.

Triterpenoids from Uncaria rhynchophylla and Their PTP1B Inhibitory Activity

Uncaria rhynchophylla(Gouteng)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine used for psychiatric and hypotensive purposes in China.In this study,the ethyl acetate(EtOAc)part of U.rhynchophylla was revealed with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B)inhibitory activity.Subsequent investigation on the EtOAc part yielded one new triterpenoid,3β-formyloxy-6β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(1)and four known ones,3β,6β,19α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(2),2-oxopomolic acid(3),3β,19α-dihydroxy-6-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid(4)and sumaresinolic acid(5).The structure of compound 1 was determined by extensive HRESIMS,IR,1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses.Two ursane-type triterpenoids(2 and 3)showed selective inhibition on PTP1B with IC50 values of 48.2 and 178.7μM.The enzyme kinetic study suggested that compounds 2 and 3 were mixtype inhibitors on PTP1B with Ki values of 15.6 and 132.5μM.This investigation manifests the antidiabetic potency of U.rhynchophylla with triterpenoids as the active constituents.

Flavidanolides A and B from Isodon flavidus

A phytochemical investigation on Isodon flavidus led to the isolation of flavidanolide A(1),a rearranged diterpenoid featuring a six/seven/five-membered tricyclic skeleton,together with flavidanolide B(2),an uncommon heterodimeric diterpenoid consisting of a norabietane and a seco-isopimarane monomeric units.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Their plausible biosynthetic routes were also proposed.In the bioassay,flavidanolide B was found to exhibit good inhibitory effect against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced nitric oxide(NO)production in RAW264.7 cells comparable to positive control pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium(PDTC),which provided evidence for the medicinal value of I.flavidus as a folk medicine for treating inflammatory diseases.

Streaming Algorithms for Non-Submodular Maximizationon the Integer Lattice

Many practical problems emphasize the importance of not only knowing whether an element is selectedbut also deciding to what extent it is selected,which imposes a challenge on submodule optimization.In this study,we consider the monotone,nondecreasing,and non-submodular maximization on the integer lattice with a cardinalityconstraint.We first design a two-pass streaming algorithm by refining the estimation interval of the optimal value.Foreach element,the algorithm not only decides whether to save the element but also gives the number of reservations.Then,we introduce the binary search as a subroutine to reduce the time complexity.Next,we obtain a one-passstreaming algorithm by dynamically updating the estimation interval of optimal value.Finally,we improve the memorycomplexity of this algorithm.

Controlled growth of silver nanoparticles in a hydrothermal process

A two-step synthesis was used to control the shape of silver nanoparticles prepared via reduction of Ag^＋ ions in aqueous Ag（NH3）2NO3 by poly（N-vinyl-2 First, a few spherical silver nanoparticles,-10 nm in size, were pyrrolidone） （PVP）. Then, in a subsequent hydrothermal treatment, the remaining Ag^＋ ions were reduced by PVP into polyhedral nanoparticles, or larger spherical nanoparticles formed from the small spherical seed silver nanoparticles in the first step. The morphology and size of the resultant particles depend on the hydrothermal temperature, PVP/Ag molar ratio and concentration of Ag^＋ ions. By using UV-visible spectroscopy （UV-vis）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and powder X-ray diffraction （XRD）, the possible growth mechanism of the silver nanoparticles was discussed. 2007 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Uniform Parallel-Machine Scheduling with Time Dependent Processing Times

We consider several uniform parallel-machine scheduling problems in which the processing time of a job is a linear increasing function of its starting time.The objectives are to minimize the total completion time of all jobs and the total load on all machines.We show that the problems are polynomially solvable when the increasing rates are identical for all jobs;we propose a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme for the standard linear deteriorating function,where the objective function is to minimize the total load on all machines.We also consider the problem in which the processing time of a job is a simple linear increasing function of its starting time and each job has a delivery time.The objective is to find a schedule which minimizes the time by which all jobs are delivered,and we propose a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme to solve this problem.

Characteristics and significance of the penecontemporaneous karst in lacustrine carbonate, Da'anzhai Member, Lower Jurassic, Beibei area, eastern Sichuan Basin

There are few reports about the penecontemporaneous karst of the lacustrine carbonate of Da'anzhai Member which developed on the top of Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation,eastern Sichuan Basin.Based on the analysis of the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Heping Reservoir section in Beibei area,It is discovered that the penecontemporaneous karst in the lacustrine carbonate,Da'anzhai Member,and its characters as follows:(1)The dissolved fractures and karrens are common,which have been filled with vadose silts,bioclasts,terrigenous quartzes,crystal and intergrown calcites;(2)The penecontemporaneous karstification mainly occurs in the micrites and shell limestones of the middle and upper part of the shallowing-upward sequence,and the desiccation cracks occur in some shallowing-upward sequences;(3)Three meteoric-water diagenetic lenses are identified in this section.By further study we also find the factures,stylolite and burial dissolution pores occur along the karst system(tubes,conduits and caves of the karst).And the asphalt not only fills the stylolites and fractures,but also is mixed with the vadose silt in the karst system,although the pore space formed by penecontemporaneous karstification is filled with vadose material and cements.Therefore it is concluded that the development and modification of the tight lacustrine carbonate reservoir of Da'anzhai Member,to some extent,are relevant with the penecontemporaneous karstification,and the penecontemporaneous karst reservoir may develop in the buried Da'anzhai carbonate of the basin.

Batch Scheduling with Deteriorating Jobs to Minimize the Total Completion Time

We consider bounded parallel-batch scheduling with proportional-linear deteriorating jobs and the objective to minimize the total completion time.We give some properties of optimal schedules for the problem and present for it a dynamic programming algorithm running in O(b^(2)m^(2)2^(m))time,where b is the size of a batch and m is the number of distinct deterioration rates.

Equivalence of Some Different Maintenance Activities in Single-Machine Scheduling

We study single-machine scheduling problems with a single maintenance activity(MA)of length p0 under three types of assumptions:(A)the MA is required in a fixed time interval[T−p0,T]with T≥p0 and the job processing is of preemptive and resumable;(B)the MA is required in a relaxed time interval[0,T]with T≥p0 and the job processing is of nonpreemptive;(C)the MA is required in a relaxed time interval[T0,T]with 0≤T0≤T−p0 and the job processing is of nonpreemptive.We show in this paper that,up to the time complexity for solving scheduling problems,assumptions(A)and(B)are equivalent,and moreover,if T−(T0+p0)is greater than or equal to the maximum processing time of all jobs,the assumption(C)is also equivalent to(A)and(B).As an application,we study the scheduling for minimizing the weighted number of tardy jobs under the above three assumptions,respectively,and present corresponding time-complexity results.