Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Modules Enabled by Solid-Liquid Two-Step Film Formation

A considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovskite solar modules and small-area perovskite solar cells.The control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovskite crystallization is still the main obstacle restricting the efficiency of PSMs.In this work,we adopted a solid-liquid two-step film formation technique,which involved the evaporation of a lead iodide film and blade coating of an organic ammonium halide solution to prepare perovskite films.This method possesses the advantages of integrating vapor deposition and solution methods,which could apply to substrates with different roughness and avoid using toxic solvents to achieve a more uniform,large-area perovskite film.Furthermore,modification of the NiO_(x)/perovskite buried interface and introduction of Urea additives were utilized to reduce interface recombination and regulate perovskite crystallization.As a result,a large-area perovskite film possessing larger grains,fewer pinholes,and reduced defects could be achieved.The inverted PSM with an active area of 61.56 cm^(2)(10×10 cm^(2)substrate)achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.56%and significantly improved stability.This method suggests an innovative approach to resolving the uniformity issue associated with large-area film fabrication.

Discrete multi-step phase hologram for high frequency acoustic modulation

Acoustic holograms can recover wavefront stored acoustic field information and produce high-fidelity complex acoustic fields. Benefiting from the huge spatial information that traditional acoustic elements cannot match, acoustic holograms pursue the realization of high-resolution complex acoustic fields and gradually tend to high-frequency ultrasound applications. However, conventional continuous phase holograms are limited by three-dimensional(3D) printing size, and the presence of unavoidable small printing errors makes it difficult to achieve acoustic field reconstruction at high frequency accuracy. Here, we present an optimized discrete multi-step phase hologram. It can ensure the reconstruction quality of image with high robustness, and properly lower the requirement for the 3D printing accuracy. Meanwhile, the concept of reconstruction similarity is proposed to refine a measure of acoustic field quality. In addition, the realized complex acoustic field at 20 MHz promotes the application of acoustic holograms at high frequencies and provides a new way to generate high-fidelity acoustic fields.

Effects of axylitol-casein complex on insulin resistance and gut microbiota composition in high-fat-diet+streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus mice

This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex(XC)on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions.High-fat-diet(HFD)+streptozotocin(STZ)-induced T2DM mice were treated with xylitol(XY),casein(CN),and XC,after which fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota composition and diversity analyses based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistics.XC decreased body weight and improved glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,pancreas impairment,blood lipid levels,and liver function in T2DM mice compared to XY-and CN-treated mice.Furthermore,XC modulated theα-diversity,β-diversity and gut microbiota composition.Based on Spearman’s correlation analysis,the relative abundances of Alistipes,Bacteroides,and Faecalibaculum were positively correlated and those of Akkermansia,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Turicibacter were negatively correlated with the phenotypes related to the improvement of T2DM.In conclusion,we found that XC alleviated insulin resistance by restoring the gut microbiota of T2DM mice.Our results provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of XC on T2DM and motivation for further investigation in animal models and,eventually,human trials.

Development and validation of a circulating tumor DNA-based optimization-prediction model for short-term postoperative recurrence of endometrial cancer

BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer(EC)is a common gynecological malignancy that typically requires prompt surgical intervention;however,the advantage of surgical management is limited by the high postoperative recurrence rates and adverse outcomes.Previous studies have highlighted the prognostic potential of circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)monitoring for minimal residual disease in patients with EC.AIM To develop and validate an optimized ctDNA-based model for predicting shortterm postoperative EC recurrence.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 294 EC patients treated surgically from 2015-2019 to devise a short-term recurrence prediction model,which was validated on 143 EC patients operated between 2020 and 2021.Prognostic factors were identified using univariate Cox,Lasso,and multivariate Cox regressions.A nomogram was created to predict the 1,1.5,and 2-year recurrence-free survival(RFS).Model performance was assessed via receiver operating characteristic(ROC),calibration,and decision curve analyses(DCA),leading to a recurrence risk stratification system.RESULTS Based on the regression analysis and the nomogram created,patients with postoperative ctDNA-negativity,postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen 125(CA125)levels of<19 U/mL,and grade G1 tumors had improved RFS after surgery.The nomogram’s efficacy for recurrence prediction was confirmed through ROC analysis,calibration curves,and DCA methods,highlighting its high accuracy and clinical utility.Furthermore,using the nomogram,the patients were successfully classified into three risk subgroups.CONCLUSION The nomogram accurately predicted RFS after EC surgery at 1,1.5,and 2 years.This model will help clinicians personalize treatments,stratify risks,and enhance clinical outcomes for patients with EC.

Exploring the Evolutionary Path of Digital Financial Inclusion in Guangdong Province,China

This study explores the development trajectory of digital financial inclusion in 21 cities in Guangdong Province through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA).The findings emphasize that the success of digital financial inclusion goes beyond individual dimensions,forming a systematic initiative marked by multifaceted interaction among different disciplines.In the trajectory of high-level digital inclusive finance development,the study identifies economic prosperity and technological innovation as crucial elements,highlighting their centrality,and elucidates the synergistic collaboration between market mechanisms and government guidance.Furthermore,the study emphasizes the government’s pivotal role in supporting market mechanisms and guiding policies,highlighting the need to achieve a nuanced equilibrium in the digital financial inclusion strategy.In contrast,non-high-level development paths of digital inclusive finance show a spectrum of diversities,emphasizing the critical roles played by economic fundamentals,government regulation,market mechanisms,and other contextual factors in different trajectories.Regarding policy implications,the study emphasizes the comprehensive and systemic nature inherent in the development of digital inclusive finance.It proposes four policy recommendations,including integrating development strategies,emphasizing scientific and technological innovation and economic development,achieving a delicate balance between market mechanisms and government guidance,and providing precise policy support.These insights provide valuable lessons for shaping digital inclusive financial policies in Guangdong Province and beyond,offering profound insights for strategically constructing robust digital financial ecosystems.

混合教学模式在仪器分析课程中的实践运用——以“气相色谱分析法”为例

在仪器分析课程中设计混合教学模式,包含前端分析、课前线上学习、线上线下联结、线下课堂教学、课后指导、学习评价。以“气相色谱分析法”为例,通过全面分析学情、梳理教学内容、设计线上线下教学过程、突出过程性学习评价,充分探究混合教学模式在仪器分析课程中的实践运用。通过教学反思,探讨混合教学模式的应用优势及存在问题。

Research on the High-Quality Development Path of Listed Private Education Groups

The rapid growth of the education industry and private education groups has brought the high-quality development of listed private education companies into focus for both the educational sector and the capital market.This study employs the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)method to explore pathways to high-quality development for these companies.Necessity analysis confirms that no single factor guarantees a company’s success,highlighting the importance of multi-factor interactions.Three main paths to high-quality development are identified:human resource optimization,precise market positioning,and comprehensive advantage.Conversely,four development paths for non-high-level companies are identified:dual insufficiency in resources and market,high turnover and over-investment,scale expansion with resource mismatch,and inadequate human resource development.The findings indicate that optimal allocation of educational resources,precise market positioning,rational resource allocation,and staff training are crucial for achieving high-quality development.Robustness tests,which raise the consistency threshold,verify the reliability and stability of the results.These findings provide a reference for policymakers,investors,and managers in the education industry.

Summary of the Best Evidence for Tube Feeding Intolerance in Critically Ill Children

Objective:To summarize the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,aiming to provide evidence-based information for clinical nursing staff.Methods:Evidence search was done in Chinese and English databases to guide network and professional associations at home and abroad.The search time limit was from January 2014 to January 2024,nearly 10 years of relevant literature,mainly including guidelines,consensus,expert advice,best practice,evidence summary,system evaluation,and meta-analysis.Literature quality evaluation and evidence extraction were independently performed by two researchers.Results:This paper included 13 articles,including three guidelines,three systematic evaluations,three expert opinions,and four expert consensus.Twenty-six pieces of evidence were summarized from 10 aspects of feeding intolerance definition,team building,nutritional assessment,nutritional preparation,feeding protocol,feeding route,feeding management,pipeline management,gastric residual volume,and drug application.Conclusion:This paper summarized the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,which can provide evidence-based information for clinical practice.The abdominal signs should be closely observed when evaluating feeding intolerance,focusing on the prevention and reduction of feeding interruption.

DNA损伤修复基因胚系突变乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效分析

目的:分析携带DNA损伤修复(DNA damage repair,DDR)相关基因突变的乳腺癌患者对基础蒽环类新辅助化疗方案(anthracycline,A)、蒽环联合紫杉类新辅助化疗方案(anthracycline-taxane,A-T)、蒽环联合紫杉和铂类新辅助化疗方案(anthracycline-taxane/carboplatin,A-TP)的疗效反应。方法:2003年10月至2015年5月,105例携带DDR基因胚系突变(非BRCA)的原发性乳腺癌患者在北京大学肿瘤医院分别接受A(n=69)、A-T(n=19)、A-TP(n=17)3种新辅助化疗方案。通过χ2检验或Fisher精确检验比较3组患者的病理完全缓解(pathological complete remission,pCR)率;采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析和Cox回归模型分析患者的乳腺癌特异生存(breast cancer-specific survival,BCSS)及无复发生存(recurrence-free survival,RFS)。结果:93.3%(98/105)的患者接受了4~8个周期的新辅助化疗。接受A、A-T、A-TP新辅助方案的3组患者的pCR率分别为11.6%、21.1%和35.3%。A-TP组pCR率显著高于A组(P=0.028),A-TP组pCR率也高于A-T组,但未达到统计学差异。经过65.6个月的中位随访,A-TP组的BCSS(HR=0.50,95%CI:0.09~2.73,P=0.41)和RFS(HR=0.51,95%CI:0.15~1.74,P=0.27)略优于A-T组,但无统计学差异。结论:DDR基因胚系突变患者应用A-TP新辅助化疗方案可显著提高pCR率,加入铂类药物或可提高患者的药物反应性及预后。

Optimizing band structure of CoP nanoparticles via rich-defect carbon shell toward bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

Transition-metal phosphides(TMPs)with high catalytic activity are widely used in the design of electrodes for water splitting.However,a major challenge is how to achieve the trade-off between activity and stability of TMPs.Herein,a novel method for synthesizing CoP nanoparticles encapsu-lated in a rich-defect carbon shell(CoP/DCS)is developed through the self-assembly of modified polycyclic aromatic molecules.The graft and removal of high-activity C-N bonds of aromatic molecules render the controllable design of crystallite defects of carbon shell.The density functional theory calculation indicates that the carbon defects with unpaired electrons could effectively tailor the band structure of CoP.Benefiting from the improved activity and corrosion resistance,the CoP/DCS delivers outstanding difunctional hydrogen evolution reaction(88 mV)and oxygen evolution reaction(251 mV)performances at 10 mA cm^(−2)current density.Furthermore,the coupled water electrolyzer with CoP/DCS as both the cathode and anode presents ultralow cell voltages of 1.49 V to achieve 10 mA cm^(−2)with long-time stability.This strategy to improve TMPs electrocatalyst with rich-DCS and heterogeneous structure will inspire the design of other transition metal compound electrocatalysts for water splitting.

Cancer risk in relatives of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers in a large series of unselected patients with breast cancer

Objective:The spectrum and risk of cancer in relatives of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers in the Chinese population have not been established.Methods:A family history of cancer in 9903 unselected breast cancer patients was retrospectively analyzed.BRCA1/2 status was determined for all patients and relative risks(RRs)were calculated to evaluate cancer risk in relatives of the patients.Results:The incidences of breast cancer in female relatives of BRCA1 carriers,BRCA2 carriers,and non-carriers were 33.0%,32.2%,and 7.7%,respectively.The corresponding incidences of ovarian cancer were 11.5%,2.4%,and 0.5%,respectively.The incidences of pancreatic cancer in male relatives of BRCA1 carriers,BRCA2 carriers,and non-carriers were 1.4%,2.7%,and 0.6%,respectively.The corresponding incidences of prostate cancer were 1.0%,2.1%,and 0.4%,respectively.The risks of breast and ovarian cancers in female relatives of BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers were significantly higher than female relatives of non-carriers(BRCA1:RR=4.29,P<0.001 and RR=21.95,P<0.001;BRCA2:RR=4.19,P<0.001 and RR=4.65,P<0.001,respectively).Additionally,higher risks of pancreatic and prostate cancers were noted in male relatives of BRCA2 carriers than non-carriers(RR=4.34,P=0.001 and RR=4.86,P=0.001,respectively).Conclusions:Female relatives of BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers are at increased risk for breast and ovarian cancers,and male relatives of BRCA2 carriers are at increased risk for pancreatic and prostate cancers.

化妆品中防腐剂的应用现状及检测技术研究进展

化妆品中的防腐剂在抑制微生物生长、延长产品保质期方面发挥了重要作用,但其使用不当会损害人体健康并对环境和生态安全造成潜在危害。随着化妆品安全事件的频发,居民消费安全意识的提升和行业监管法规趋严,防腐剂的添加状况成为社会各界的关注焦点。文章总结了当前化妆品中防腐剂的使用现状,梳理了近年来常规检测技术在化妆品中防腐剂领域的最新应用,介绍了高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法和激光解吸附离子化质谱等新型检测手段。分析了化妆品中防腐剂的市场发展前景和检测技术发展方向,为今后化妆品中防腐剂的监管和高通量快速检测提供借鉴。

Red cell distribution width: A predictor of the severity of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Compared with patients with other causes of acute pancreatitis,those with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis(HTG-AP)are more likely to develop persistent organ failure(POF).Therefore,recognizing the individuals at risk of developing POF early in the HTG-AP process is a vital for improving outcomes.Bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP),a simple parameter that is obtained 24 h after admission,is an ideal index to predict HTG-AP severity;however,the suboptimal sensitivity limits its clinical application.Hence,current clinical scoring systems and biochemical parameters are not sufficient for predicting HTG-AP severity.AIM To elucidate the early predictive value of red cell distribution width(RDW)for POF in HTG-AP.METHODS In total,102 patients with HTG-AP were retrospectively enrolled.Demographic and clinical data,including RDW,were collected from all patients on admission.RESULTS Based on the Revised Atlanta Classification,37(33%)of 102 patients with HTG-AP were diagnosed with POF.On admission,RDW was significantly higher in patients with HTG-AP and POF than in those without POF(14.4%vs 12.5%,P<0.001).The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated a good discrim-inative power of RDW for POF with a cutoff of 13.1%,where the area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,and specificity were 0.85,82.4%,and 77.9%,respectively.When the RDW was≥13.1%and one point was added to the original BISAP to obtain a new BISAP score,we achieved a higher AUC,sensitivity,and specificity of 0.89,91.2%,and 67.6%,respectively.CONCLUSION RDW is a promising predictor of POF in patients with HTG-AP,and the addition of RDW can promote the sensitivity of BISAP.

ZmMs33 promotes anther elongation via modulating cell elongation regulators,metabolic homeostasis,and cell wall remodeling in maize

Plant cell elongation depends on well-defined gene regulations,adequate nutrients,and timely cell wall modifications.Anther size is positively correlated with the number and viability of pollen grains,while little is known about molecular mechanisms underlying anther cell elongation.Here,we found that properly activated cell elongation regulators at transcriptional levels in loss-of-function ZmMs33 mutant(ms33-6038)anthers failed to promote maize anther elongation.ZmMs33 deficiency disrupted metabolic homeostasis mainly by inhibiting both photosynthesis in anther endothecium and lipid accumulation in anther tapetum.Importantly,ms33-6038 anthers displayed ectopic,premature and excessive secondary cell wall thickening in anther middle layer,which constrained cell elongation structurally and blocked nutrient flows across different anther wall layers.The metabolic disorder was only found in ms33-6038 mutant rather than several representative male-sterility lines at transcriptional and post-translational levels.Collectively,the disordered metabolisms and blocked nutrient flows defeated the activated cell elongation regulators,and finally inhibited anther elongation and growth with a unique‘‘idling effect”in ms33-6038 mutant.

Contamination and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in topsoil and groundwater around mining and dressing factories in Chifeng,North China

Chifeng is a concentrated mining area for non-ferrous metal minerals,as well as a key prevention and control area for heavyduty enterprises.This situation necessitates an efective ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s driven by the wide distribution of metal ore processing,mining,and smelting factories in Hexigten Banner and Bairin Left Banner.We conducted surveys to assess the levels of heavy metal(loid)s(Cr,As,Pb,Cd,and Hg)in the topsoil and groundwater of the areas.The results indicated that the concentrations of As,Cd,and Pb in partial soil samples exceeded the environmental quality standards of Grade II.Based on contamination assessments,such as geoaccumulation indices and pollution indices,we inferred that Cd,Pb,and As were primary pollutants in topsoil.Potential ecological risks when considered as part of the average risk indices(RI)are up to 1626.40 and 2818.76,respectively,in the two areas.Comparative analysis revealed that Cd posed a very high potential ecological risk,followed by As.Moreover,the evaluation showed that the three exposure pathways of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk followed a descending order:inhalation>ingestion>dermal contact,except for Pb.Arsenic in topsoil posed a potential non-carcinogenic risk to human health,while there were no adverse efects of As in groundwater.In addition,the average total carcinogenic risk for As in the two areas,as well as the risk of Pb in the topsoil of Bairin Left Banner and all the fve heavy metal(loid)s in groundwater,exceeded human tolerance.Pb–Zn mines caused higher human health risks.In addition,the tandem contamination of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and groundwater was not obvious.This research study provides a basis for pollution remediation to control heavy industry-induced ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s.

Association of traditional Chinese exercises with glycemic responses in people with type 2 diabetes:A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background： There is increasing evidence showing the health benefits of various forms of traditional Chinese exercises （TCEs） on the glycemic profile in people with type 2 diabetes. However, relatively little is known about the combined clinical effectiveness of these traditional exercises. This study was designed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the overall effect of 3 common TCEs （Tai Ji Quan, Qigong, Ba Duan Jin） on glycemie control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods： We conducted an extensive database search in Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure on randomized controlled trials published between April 1967 and September 2017 that compared any of the 3 TCEs with a control or comparison group on glycemic control. Data extraction was performed by 2 independent reviewers. Study quality was evaluated using the Coehrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, which assessed the risk of bias, including sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, completeness of outcome data, and selective outcome reporting. The resulting quality of the reviewed studies was characterized in 3 grades representing the level of bias： low, unclear, and high. All analyses were performed using random effects models and heterogeneity was quantified. We a priori specified changes in biomarkers of hemoglobin A1 c （in percentage） and fasting blood glucose （mmol/L） as the main outcomes and triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, 2-h plasma glucose, and fasting plasma glucose as secondary outcomes.Results： A total of 39 randomized, controlled trials （Tai Ji Quan = 11; Qigong= 6; Ba Duan Jin= 22） with 2917 type 2 diabetic patients （aged 41-80 years） were identified. Compared with a control or comparison group, pooled meta-analyses of TCEs showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin Alc （mean difference （MD）= -0.67%; 95% confidence interval （CI）：-0.86% to-0.48%; p 〈 0.00001） and fasting blood glucose （MD = -0.66 mmol/L; 95%CI： -0.95 to -0.37 mmol/L; p 〈 0.0001）. The observed effect was more pronounced for interventions that were medium range in duration （i.e., 〉3-〈 12 months）. TCE interventions also showed improvements in the secondary outcome measures. A high risk of bias was observed in the areas of blinding （i.e., study participants and personnel, and outcome assessment）. Conclusion： Among patients with type 2 diabetes, TCEs were associated with significantly lower hemoglobin Alc and fasting blood glucose. Further studies to better understand the dose and duration of exposure to TCEs are warranted.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

冷圈套切除术治疗≤1.0cm结直肠息肉的有效性和安全性

目的探讨冷圈套切除术(CSP)与热圈套切除术(HSP)治疗直径≤1.0 cm结直肠息肉的有效性和安全性。方法选取2018年6月-2020年3月南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院因结直肠息肉(直径≤1.0 cm)行内镜下切除治疗的1403例患者作为研究对象,分为CSP组(n=213)和HSP组(n=1190),比较两组钛夹使用、出血穿孔发生率、术后内镜下止血率和组织学完整切除率等。结果HSP组术后迟发性出血发生率明显高于CSP组(4.9%和0.9%,P=0.003)。HSP组有5例发生术后迟发性穿孔,而CSP组无1例。CSP组息肉组织完整切除率为95.8%(204/213),与HSP组的97.6%(1162/1190)比较,差异无统计学意义。结论CSP治疗直径≤1.0 cm的结直肠息肉术后出血风险低,钛夹使用数少,术后内镜下止血率低,而组织学完整切除率与HSP接近,是一种安全、有效的治疗方式。

急性脑梗死患者外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与颈动脉易损斑块的关系

目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与颈动脉易损斑块的关系。方法选取2016年9月—2018年1月于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院卒中病房住院的ACI患者271例。根据颈动脉超声检查分为无斑块组及有斑块组,其中有斑块组分为稳定斑块组及易损斑块组,比较各组一般资料,中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、NLR值的差异。结果斑块组吸烟史、NLR、中性粒细胞计数高于无斑块组,淋巴细胞的计数低于无斑块组(P<0.05)。易损斑块组NLR、中性粒细胞计数及低密度脂蛋白高于稳斑块组,而淋巴细胞的计数低于稳定斑块组(P<0.05)。NLR、低密度脂蛋白是颈动脉易损斑块的独立影响因素(P<0.05),NLR值每增加1个单位,斑块为易损斑块的可能性是原来的1.400(95%CI:1.124,1.744)倍,低密度脂蛋白每增加1个单位,斑块为易损斑块的可能性是原来的2.867(95%CI:1.238,6.640)倍。NLR对ACI患者颈动脉易损斑块的ROC曲线下面积为0.65(95%CI:0.567,0.728),最佳截断点为2.79,此时的敏感性为0.69(95%CI:0.593,0.777),特异性为0.59(95%CI:0.465,0.684)。结论NLR增高对于评估ACI患者颈动脉粥样硬化易损斑块具有一定的参考价值。

克唑替尼治疗晚期或复发性ALK阳性非小细胞肺癌的疗效和安全性

背景与目的间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK)基因在晚期非小细胞肺癌(nonsmall cell lung cancer, NSCLC)中的阳性比例约为5%-7%,ALK酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor, TKI)为ALK阳性NSCLC患者的标准治疗。本研究拟评价克唑替尼在ALK阳性的晚期或复发性NSCLC患者中的疗效和安全性。方法用三种方法筛选携带ALK基因融合/倒位的晚期或复发NSCLC患者,免疫荧光原位杂交(flourescence in situ hybridization, FISH)显示阳性者给予克唑替尼口服,250 mg,2次/d。评价客观有效率(objective response rate,ORR)、无进展生存期(progression-free survival, PFS)及安全性。结果共筛选226例患者,其中39例出现ALK融合或倒位,37例入组,35例患者可评价客观疗效,ORR为70.3%,疾病控制率(disease control rate, DCR)为94.6%,中位PFS为11.8个月,主要不良反应为转氨酶升高(1级,91.7%)、转氨酶升高(2级,23.4%)、恶心(1级,75.6%)、贫血(1级-2级,62.3%)、视物障碍(1级,21.8%)、体重减轻(1级,31.4%)、肺炎(2级,3.5%)。结论克唑替尼单药可用于治疗ALK融合/倒位的晚期NSCLC患者,有效率高,耐受性较好。

基于过程性质量的幼儿园生活活动评价指标体系的构建

幼儿园生活活动是幼儿在园的重要活动类型,对幼儿的学习与发展具有重要意义。幼儿园生活活动质量是幼儿园保教质量的有机组成部分,有必要基于过程性质量的视角构建幼儿园生活活动评价指标体系。本研究运用问卷调查、德尔菲专家访谈及文献分析等方法,首先尝试探索幼儿园生活活动评价初始指标,编制出预测问卷,再经项目质量分析、探索性因子分析以及验证性因子分析,形成正式问卷,最后进行信效度检验。研究结果表明,从生活常规与管理、互动与支持、科学照料3个一级指标及其包含的7个二级指标、32个三级指标对幼儿园生活活动质量进行评价是科学合理的。整个评价指标体系体现了过程性、情境性特点和以“预防为主”的指向,可以为改善幼儿园生活活动质量提供有效依据。