DURING our discussion at workshops for writing“What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence”[1],we had expected the next milestone for Artificial Intelligence(AI)would be in...DURING our discussion at workshops for writing“What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence”[1],we had expected the next milestone for Artificial Intelligence(AI)would be in the direction of Imaginative Intelligence(II),i.e.,something similar to automatic wordsto-videos generation or intelligent digital movies/theater technology that could be used for conducting new“Artificiofactual Experiments”[2]to replace conventional“Counterfactual Experiments”in scientific research and technical development for both natural and social studies[2]-[6].Now we have OpenAI’s Sora,so soon,but this is not the final,actually far away,and it is just the beginning.展开更多
The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the ne...The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the negative effects of pro-posers’attention-capturing strategies that contribute to the“tragedy of the commons”and ensure an efficient distribution of attention among multiple proposals,it is necessary to establish a market-driven allocation scheme for DAOs’attention.First,the Harberger tax-based attention markets are designed to facilitate its allocation via continuous and automated trading,where the individualized Harberger tax rate(HTR)determined by the pro-posers’reputation is adopted.Then,the Stackelberg game model is formulated in these markets,casting attention to owners in the role of leaders and other competitive proposers as followers.Its equilibrium trading strategies are also discussed to unravel the intricate dynamics of attention pricing.Moreover,utilizing the single-round Stackelberg game as an illustrative example,the existence of Nash equilibrium trading strategies is demonstrated.Finally,the impact of individualized HTR on trading strategies is investigated,and results suggest that it has a negative correlation with leaders’self-accessed prices and ownership duration,but its effect on their revenues varies under different conditions.This study is expected to provide valuable insights into leveraging attention resources to improve DAOs’governance and decision-making process.展开更多
THE tremendous impact of large models represented by ChatGPT[1]-[3]makes it necessary to con-sider the practical applications of such models[4].However,for an artificial intelligence(AI)to truly evolve,it needs to pos...THE tremendous impact of large models represented by ChatGPT[1]-[3]makes it necessary to con-sider the practical applications of such models[4].However,for an artificial intelligence(AI)to truly evolve,it needs to possess a physical“body”to transition from the virtual world to the real world and evolve through interaction with the real environments.In this context,“embodied intelligence”has sparked a new wave of research and technology,leading AI beyond the digital realm into a new paradigm that can actively act and perceive in a physical environment through tangible entities such as robots and automated devices[5].展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the application of Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.)Setch.in cigarettes.[Methods]Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of cigarettes added with ethanol extract of S.fu...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the application of Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.)Setch.in cigarettes.[Methods]Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of cigarettes added with ethanol extract of S.fusiforme were determined,and the compounds related to the aroma of S.fusiforme were identified by flavor-smelling experiment.[Results]With the addition of the ethanol extract of S.fusiforme,the decrease in the total amount of four tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke reached 16.42%.The results of the flavor-smelling experiment showed that the aroma of S.fusiforme might be related to(R)-5,6,7,7A-tetrahydro-4,4,7A-trimethyl-2(4H)-benzofuranone,glycerol,ethyl palmitate,methyl palmitate,ethyl linoleate,methyl(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate,ethyl(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate,phytol,and tetradecanoic acid.[Conclusions]The ethanol extract of S.fusiforme has the potential function of reducing the content of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in smoke and improving the taste of cigarettes.展开更多
THE current ChatGPT phenomenon has signaled a new era of Artificial Intelligence moving from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence where interactive activities between actual and artificial,real and virt...THE current ChatGPT phenomenon has signaled a new era of Artificial Intelligence moving from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence where interactive activities between actual and artificial,real and virtual,human and machine play an active and important role online and in real-time.At IEEE/CAA JAS,we are interested in investigating the impact and significance of this new era on industrial development,especially control and automation for manufacturing and production.展开更多
WE are in an exciting new intelligent era where various Web 3.0 systems emerge and flourish.[1]–[3].In this new epoch,the collaboration of data and knowledge,humans and machines,actual and virtual worlds is undergoin...WE are in an exciting new intelligent era where various Web 3.0 systems emerge and flourish.[1]–[3].In this new epoch,the collaboration of data and knowledge,humans and machines,actual and virtual worlds is undergoing an unprecedented diversification and community-driven transformation,unveiling an open future full of boundless possibilities.However,the value of dispersed data extends far beyond passive storage and application.展开更多
Plants sequester carbon through photosynthesis and provide primary productivity for the ecosystem. However, they also simultaneously consume water through transpiration, leading to a carbon-water balance relationship....Plants sequester carbon through photosynthesis and provide primary productivity for the ecosystem. However, they also simultaneously consume water through transpiration, leading to a carbon-water balance relationship. Agricultural production can be regarded as a form of carbon sequestration behavior.From the perspective of the natural-social-economic complex ecosystem, excessive water usage in food production will aggravate regional water pressure for both domestic and industrial purposes. Hence, achieving a harmonious equilibrium between carbon and water resources during the food production process is a key scientific challenge for ensuring food security and sustainability. Digital intelligence(DI) and cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS) are emerging as the new research paradigms that are causing a substantial shift in the conventional thinking and methodologies across various scientific fields, including ecological science and sustainability studies. This paper outlines our recent efforts in using advanced technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence(AI), digital twins, metaverses, and parallel intelligence to model, analyze, and manage the intricate dynamics and equilibrium among plants, carbon, and water in arid and semiarid ecosystems. It introduces the concept of the carbon-water balance and explores its management at three levels: the individual plant level, the community level, and the natural-social-economic complex ecosystem level. Additionally, we elucidate the significance of agricultural foundation models as fundamental technologies within this context. A case analysis of water usage shows that, given the limited availability of water resources in the context of the carbon-water balance, regional collaboration and optimized allocation have the potential to enhance the utilization efficiency of water resources in the river basin. A suggested approach is to consider the river basin as a unified entity and coordinate the relationship between the upstream, midstream and downstream areas. Furthermore, establishing mechanisms for water resource transfer and trade among different industries can be instrumental in maximizing the benefits derived from water resources.Finally, we envisage a future of agriculture characterized by the integration of digital, robotic and biological farming techniques.This vision aims to incorporate small tasks, big models, and deep intelligence into the regular ecological practices of intelligent agriculture.展开更多
BIG models or foundation models are rapidly emerging as a key force in advancing intelligent societies[1]–[3]Their significance stems not only from their exceptional ability to process complex data and simulate advan...BIG models or foundation models are rapidly emerging as a key force in advancing intelligent societies[1]–[3]Their significance stems not only from their exceptional ability to process complex data and simulate advanced cognitive functions,but also from their potential to drive innovation across various industries.展开更多
Powered by advanced information technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).In this context,computational experiments method has emerged as a nove...Powered by advanced information technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).In this context,computational experiments method has emerged as a novel approach for the design,analysis,management,control,and integration of CPSS,which can realize the causal analysis of complex systems by means of“algorithmization”of“counterfactuals”.However,because CPSS involve human and social factors(e.g.,autonomy,initiative,and sociality),it is difficult for traditional design of experiment(DOE)methods to achieve the generative explanation of system emergence.To address this challenge,this paper proposes an integrated approach to the design of computational experiments,incorporating three key modules:1)Descriptive module:Determining the influencing factors and response variables of the system by means of the modeling of an artificial society;2)Interpretative module:Selecting factorial experimental design solution to identify the relationship between influencing factors and macro phenomena;3)Predictive module:Building a meta-model that is equivalent to artificial society to explore its operating laws.Finally,a case study of crowd-sourcing platforms is presented to illustrate the application process and effectiveness of the proposed approach,which can reveal the social impact of algorithmic behavior on“rider race”.展开更多
In the era of big data,there is an urgent need to establish data trading markets for effectively releasing the tremendous value of the drastically explosive data.Data security and data pricing,however,are still widely...In the era of big data,there is an urgent need to establish data trading markets for effectively releasing the tremendous value of the drastically explosive data.Data security and data pricing,however,are still widely regarded as major challenges in this respect,which motivate this research on the novel multi-blockchain based framework for data trading markets and their associated pricing mechanisms.In this context,data recording and trading are conducted separately within two separate blockchains:the data blockchain(DChain) and the value blockchain(VChain).This enables the establishment of two-layer data trading markets to manage initial data trading in the primary market and subsequent data resales in the secondary market.Moreover,pricing mechanisms are then proposed to protect these markets against strategic trading behaviors and balance the payoffs of both suppliers and users.Specifically,in regular data trading on VChain-S2D,two auction models are employed according to the demand scale,for dealing with users’ strategic bidding.The incentive-compatible Vickrey-Clarke-Groves(VCG)model is deployed to the low-demand trading scenario,while the nearly incentive-compatible monopolistic price(MP) model is utilized for the high-demand trading scenario.With temporary data trading on VChain-D2S,a reverse auction mechanism namely two-stage obscure selection(TSOS) is designed to regulate both suppliers’ quoting and users’ valuation strategies.Furthermore,experiments are carried out to demonstrate the strength of this research in enhancing data security and trading efficiency.展开更多
The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal tissue repair are largely unknown.We previously demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in human alveolar epithel...The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal tissue repair are largely unknown.We previously demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in human alveolar epithelial type Il(ATIl)cells augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis by paracrine signaling.Here,we report that liver kinase B1(LKB1)inactivation in ATIl cells inhibits autophagy and induces EMT as a conse-quence.In IPF lungs,this is caused by the down-regulation of CAB39L,a key subunit within the LKB1 complex.3D co-cultures of ATIl cells and MRC5 lung fibroblasts coupled with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signaling between LKB1-depleted ATIl cells and fibroblasts augmented myofibroblast differentiation.Together,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by LKB1 inhibition can induce EMT in ATIl cells and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.展开更多
The emergence of decentralized autonomous organizations and operations(DAOs),equipped with innovative mechanisms,enables new possibilities for transforming traditional social collaborative relationships.Mechanisms are...The emergence of decentralized autonomous organizations and operations(DAOs),equipped with innovative mechanisms,enables new possibilities for transforming traditional social collaborative relationships.Mechanisms are the underlying driver for DAOs.However,as a complex system encompassing both social complexity and engineering complexity.展开更多
Most basal-like breast cancers(BLBCs)have a poor prognosis and high crossover with triple-negative breast cancers(TNBCs).However,approximately 50%of TNBC patients develop chemoresistance.^(1) Dexamethasone reportedly ...Most basal-like breast cancers(BLBCs)have a poor prognosis and high crossover with triple-negative breast cancers(TNBCs).However,approximately 50%of TNBC patients develop chemoresistance.^(1) Dexamethasone reportedly induces Krüppel-like factor 5(KLF5)and can cause docetaxel and cisplatin resistance in TNBC.A super-enhancer can maintain the transcription of KLF5.展开更多
Nanocellulose(NC) has attracted much interest in the tissue engineering(TE) field because of its properties including biocompatibility,renewability, non-toxicity, functionality, and excellent mechanical performance. T...Nanocellulose(NC) has attracted much interest in the tissue engineering(TE) field because of its properties including biocompatibility,renewability, non-toxicity, functionality, and excellent mechanical performance. This review mainly focused on the advanced applications of NC-based composites in hard TE including cartilage TE, bone TE, and dental TE, illustrated the processing methods for synthesizing scaffolds including electrospinning, freeze-drying, and 3 D printing, reviewed the current status of hard TE, and presented perspective on the future of TE technology.展开更多
This study was designed to identify and investigate bioactive natural product compounds that alter the cellular shape of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and induce a“rounded”or“small”cellular morpholog...This study was designed to identify and investigate bioactive natural product compounds that alter the cellular shape of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and induce a“rounded”or“small”cellular morphological phenotype.Bioassays using a range of antifungal agents against a multidrug-sensitive fission yeast strain,SAK950 showed that many induced a“rounded”phenotype.We then investigated whether 46 of the actinomycete strains identified in our previous study as inducing a similar phenotype produced antifungal agents of similar classes.We show that five of the strains produced streptothricin and that 26 strains produced polyenes,including fungichromin,filipin and candicidin,the last of which was produced by 24 strains.A taxonomic study of the strains indicated that the majority of the candicidin only producers were Streptomyces hydrogenans and S.albidoflavus whilst those that additionally produced streptothricin were related to S.enissocaesilis.A follow-up study to investigate the natural products made by related strains indicated that they followed a similar pattern.The identification of several compounds from the actinomycete strains similar to the antifungal agents initially tested confirm the validity of an approach using the S.pombe morphological phenotype and actinomycete taxonomy as a predictive tool for natural product identification.展开更多
Plant U-box(PUB)E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in hormone signaling pathways and in response to different abiotic stresses,but little is known about U-box genes in Danshen(root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)...Plant U-box(PUB)E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in hormone signaling pathways and in response to different abiotic stresses,but little is known about U-box genes in Danshen(root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge).Here,we identified and characterized 70 SmPUB genes based on its genome sequence.Phylogenetic analysis of U-box genes from S.miltiorrhiza and Arabidopsis suggested that they can be clustered into seven subgroups(I–VII).Typical U-box domains were found in all identified SmPUB genes through the analysis of conserved motifs.Moreover,qRT-PCR was applied to analyze the relative expression levels of U-box genes in S.miltiorrhiza roots and leaves under PEG-induced water deficit and salt stresses.Results revealed that the SmPUB genes exhibited stronger response to drought than to salt stress.To the best of our knowledge,this report is the first to perform genome-wide identification and analysis of the U-box gene family in S.miltiorrhiza,and the results provide valuable information for better understanding of the function of U-box in S.miltiorrhiza.展开更多
NAC(NAM,ATAF,CUC)is a class of transcription factors involved in plant growth regulation,abiotic stress responses,morphogenesis and metabolism.Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important Chinese medicinal herb,but the charact...NAC(NAM,ATAF,CUC)is a class of transcription factors involved in plant growth regulation,abiotic stress responses,morphogenesis and metabolism.Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important Chinese medicinal herb,but the characterization of NAC genes in this species is limited.In this study,based on the Salvia miltiorrhiza genomic databases,82 NAC transcription factors were identified,which were divided into 14 groups.Meanwhile,phylogenetic analysis,gene structure,chromosomal localization and potential role of SmNACs in abiotic stress conditions were also studied.The results revealed that some SmNACs had different structures than others,which advised that these genes may have multiple/distinct functions.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)analysis showed that SmNACs exhibited differential expression patterns under salt and drought stress.The NaCl induced salinity treatments modulated the expression of several SmNAC genes more in roots compared with leaves.Conversely,under drought stress conditions,more genes were upregulated in leaves compared with roots.These results will be useful for the further study involved in the functional characteristics of SmNAC genes,especially in response to salt and drought stresses,thereby may facilitate genetic breeding in Salvia miltiorrhiza.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62271485,61903363,U1811463,62103411,62203250)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0093/2023/RIA2,0050/2020/A1)。
文摘DURING our discussion at workshops for writing“What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence”[1],we had expected the next milestone for Artificial Intelligence(AI)would be in the direction of Imaginative Intelligence(II),i.e.,something similar to automatic wordsto-videos generation or intelligent digital movies/theater technology that could be used for conducting new“Artificiofactual Experiments”[2]to replace conventional“Counterfactual Experiments”in scientific research and technical development for both natural and social studies[2]-[6].Now we have OpenAI’s Sora,so soon,but this is not the final,actually far away,and it is just the beginning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103411)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0093/2023/RIA2,0050/2020/A1)。
文摘The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the negative effects of pro-posers’attention-capturing strategies that contribute to the“tragedy of the commons”and ensure an efficient distribution of attention among multiple proposals,it is necessary to establish a market-driven allocation scheme for DAOs’attention.First,the Harberger tax-based attention markets are designed to facilitate its allocation via continuous and automated trading,where the individualized Harberger tax rate(HTR)determined by the pro-posers’reputation is adopted.Then,the Stackelberg game model is formulated in these markets,casting attention to owners in the role of leaders and other competitive proposers as followers.Its equilibrium trading strategies are also discussed to unravel the intricate dynamics of attention pricing.Moreover,utilizing the single-round Stackelberg game as an illustrative example,the existence of Nash equilibrium trading strategies is demonstrated.Finally,the impact of individualized HTR on trading strategies is investigated,and results suggest that it has a negative correlation with leaders’self-accessed prices and ownership duration,but its effect on their revenues varies under different conditions.This study is expected to provide valuable insights into leveraging attention resources to improve DAOs’governance and decision-making process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62302047,62203250)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0093/2023/RIA2,0050/2020/A1).
文摘THE tremendous impact of large models represented by ChatGPT[1]-[3]makes it necessary to con-sider the practical applications of such models[4].However,for an artificial intelligence(AI)to truly evolve,it needs to possess a physical“body”to transition from the virtual world to the real world and evolve through interaction with the real environments.In this context,“embodied intelligence”has sparked a new wave of research and technology,leading AI beyond the digital realm into a new paradigm that can actively act and perceive in a physical environment through tangible entities such as robots and automated devices[5].
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the application of Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.)Setch.in cigarettes.[Methods]Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of cigarettes added with ethanol extract of S.fusiforme were determined,and the compounds related to the aroma of S.fusiforme were identified by flavor-smelling experiment.[Results]With the addition of the ethanol extract of S.fusiforme,the decrease in the total amount of four tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke reached 16.42%.The results of the flavor-smelling experiment showed that the aroma of S.fusiforme might be related to(R)-5,6,7,7A-tetrahydro-4,4,7A-trimethyl-2(4H)-benzofuranone,glycerol,ethyl palmitate,methyl palmitate,ethyl linoleate,methyl(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate,ethyl(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate,phytol,and tetradecanoic acid.[Conclusions]The ethanol extract of S.fusiforme has the potential function of reducing the content of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in smoke and improving the taste of cigarettes.
基金partially supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0050/2020/A1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103411)。
文摘THE current ChatGPT phenomenon has signaled a new era of Artificial Intelligence moving from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence where interactive activities between actual and artificial,real and virtual,human and machine play an active and important role online and in real-time.At IEEE/CAA JAS,we are interested in investigating the impact and significance of this new era on industrial development,especially control and automation for manufacturing and production.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62103411)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR (0050/2020/A1)。
文摘WE are in an exciting new intelligent era where various Web 3.0 systems emerge and flourish.[1]–[3].In this new epoch,the collaboration of data and knowledge,humans and machines,actual and virtual worlds is undergoing an unprecedented diversification and community-driven transformation,unveiling an open future full of boundless possibilities.However,the value of dispersed data extends far beyond passive storage and application.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021ZD0113704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62076239, 42041005,62103411)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Development FundMacao SAR(0050/2020/A1)。
文摘Plants sequester carbon through photosynthesis and provide primary productivity for the ecosystem. However, they also simultaneously consume water through transpiration, leading to a carbon-water balance relationship. Agricultural production can be regarded as a form of carbon sequestration behavior.From the perspective of the natural-social-economic complex ecosystem, excessive water usage in food production will aggravate regional water pressure for both domestic and industrial purposes. Hence, achieving a harmonious equilibrium between carbon and water resources during the food production process is a key scientific challenge for ensuring food security and sustainability. Digital intelligence(DI) and cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS) are emerging as the new research paradigms that are causing a substantial shift in the conventional thinking and methodologies across various scientific fields, including ecological science and sustainability studies. This paper outlines our recent efforts in using advanced technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence(AI), digital twins, metaverses, and parallel intelligence to model, analyze, and manage the intricate dynamics and equilibrium among plants, carbon, and water in arid and semiarid ecosystems. It introduces the concept of the carbon-water balance and explores its management at three levels: the individual plant level, the community level, and the natural-social-economic complex ecosystem level. Additionally, we elucidate the significance of agricultural foundation models as fundamental technologies within this context. A case analysis of water usage shows that, given the limited availability of water resources in the context of the carbon-water balance, regional collaboration and optimized allocation have the potential to enhance the utilization efficiency of water resources in the river basin. A suggested approach is to consider the river basin as a unified entity and coordinate the relationship between the upstream, midstream and downstream areas. Furthermore, establishing mechanisms for water resource transfer and trade among different industries can be instrumental in maximizing the benefits derived from water resources.Finally, we envisage a future of agriculture characterized by the integration of digital, robotic and biological farming techniques.This vision aims to incorporate small tasks, big models, and deep intelligence into the regular ecological practices of intelligent agriculture.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103411)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR(0093/2023/RIA2,0050/2020/A1)。
文摘BIG models or foundation models are rapidly emerging as a key force in advancing intelligent societies[1]–[3]Their significance stems not only from their exceptional ability to process complex data and simulate advanced cognitive functions,but also from their potential to drive innovation across various industries.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0900800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61972276,62206116,62032016)+2 种基金the New Liberal Arts Reform and Practice Project of National Ministry of Education(2021170002)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems(20210101)Tianjin University Talent Innovation Reward Program for Literature and Science Graduate Student(C1-2022-010)。
文摘Powered by advanced information technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).In this context,computational experiments method has emerged as a novel approach for the design,analysis,management,control,and integration of CPSS,which can realize the causal analysis of complex systems by means of“algorithmization”of“counterfactuals”.However,because CPSS involve human and social factors(e.g.,autonomy,initiative,and sociality),it is difficult for traditional design of experiment(DOE)methods to achieve the generative explanation of system emergence.To address this challenge,this paper proposes an integrated approach to the design of computational experiments,incorporating three key modules:1)Descriptive module:Determining the influencing factors and response variables of the system by means of the modeling of an artificial society;2)Interpretative module:Selecting factorial experimental design solution to identify the relationship between influencing factors and macro phenomena;3)Predictive module:Building a meta-model that is equivalent to artificial society to explore its operating laws.Finally,a case study of crowd-sourcing platforms is presented to illustrate the application process and effectiveness of the proposed approach,which can reveal the social impact of algorithmic behavior on“rider race”.
基金partially supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR (0050/2020/A1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62103411, 72171230)。
文摘In the era of big data,there is an urgent need to establish data trading markets for effectively releasing the tremendous value of the drastically explosive data.Data security and data pricing,however,are still widely regarded as major challenges in this respect,which motivate this research on the novel multi-blockchain based framework for data trading markets and their associated pricing mechanisms.In this context,data recording and trading are conducted separately within two separate blockchains:the data blockchain(DChain) and the value blockchain(VChain).This enables the establishment of two-layer data trading markets to manage initial data trading in the primary market and subsequent data resales in the secondary market.Moreover,pricing mechanisms are then proposed to protect these markets against strategic trading behaviors and balance the payoffs of both suppliers and users.Specifically,in regular data trading on VChain-S2D,two auction models are employed according to the demand scale,for dealing with users’ strategic bidding.The incentive-compatible Vickrey-Clarke-Groves(VCG)model is deployed to the low-demand trading scenario,while the nearly incentive-compatible monopolistic price(MP) model is utilized for the high-demand trading scenario.With temporary data trading on VChain-D2S,a reverse auction mechanism namely two-stage obscure selection(TSOS) is designed to regulate both suppliers’ quoting and users’ valuation strategies.Furthermore,experiments are carried out to demonstrate the strength of this research in enhancing data security and trading efficiency.
基金supported by the UK Medical Research Council(MR/S025480/1)the UK Academy of Medical Sciences/the Wellcome Trust Springboard Award(SBF002/1038)+2 种基金AAIR Charity.ZX and LY were supported by China Scholarship Council.YZ was supported by an Institute for Life Sciences PhD Studentship.JD was supported by the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK(FC001070)the UK Medical Research Council(FC001070)the Wellcome Trust(FC001070).
文摘The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal tissue repair are largely unknown.We previously demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in human alveolar epithelial type Il(ATIl)cells augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis by paracrine signaling.Here,we report that liver kinase B1(LKB1)inactivation in ATIl cells inhibits autophagy and induces EMT as a conse-quence.In IPF lungs,this is caused by the down-regulation of CAB39L,a key subunit within the LKB1 complex.3D co-cultures of ATIl cells and MRC5 lung fibroblasts coupled with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signaling between LKB1-depleted ATIl cells and fibroblasts augmented myofibroblast differentiation.Together,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by LKB1 inhibition can induce EMT in ATIl cells and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62103411)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR,China(No.0050/2020/A1)。
文摘The emergence of decentralized autonomous organizations and operations(DAOs),equipped with innovative mechanisms,enables new possibilities for transforming traditional social collaborative relationships.Mechanisms are the underlying driver for DAOs.However,as a complex system encompassing both social complexity and engineering complexity.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0112300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81830087,U2102203,82173014,81872414)+5 种基金the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(China)(No.202101AS070050,202001AW070018)major projects for fundamental research of Yunnan Province,China(No.202201BC070002)CAS"Light of West China"”Young Scholar Program,and Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program(China)(Yunling Shcolar Project and Young Talent Project)the Guangdong Foundation Committee for Basic and Applied Basic Research projects(China)(No.2022A1515012420)the Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Hospital Competitive Clinical Study(China)(No.LCYJ2021B003)the Guangdong Province Characteristic Innovation Projects(China)(No.2021KTSCX037).
文摘Most basal-like breast cancers(BLBCs)have a poor prognosis and high crossover with triple-negative breast cancers(TNBCs).However,approximately 50%of TNBC patients develop chemoresistance.^(1) Dexamethasone reportedly induces Krüppel-like factor 5(KLF5)and can cause docetaxel and cisplatin resistance in TNBC.A super-enhancer can maintain the transcription of KLF5.
基金the special fund for Independent Innovation and Industry Development in the Core Area in Haidian District of Beijing (255-kjc020)
文摘Nanocellulose(NC) has attracted much interest in the tissue engineering(TE) field because of its properties including biocompatibility,renewability, non-toxicity, functionality, and excellent mechanical performance. This review mainly focused on the advanced applications of NC-based composites in hard TE including cartilage TE, bone TE, and dental TE, illustrated the processing methods for synthesizing scaffolds including electrospinning, freeze-drying, and 3 D printing, reviewed the current status of hard TE, and presented perspective on the future of TE technology.
基金the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK(FC001121)the UK Medical Research Council(FC001121)+2 种基金the Wellcome Trust(FC001121)In addition,this work was supported by a Wellcome Trust grant to P.N.(Grant Number 093917)Demuris Ltd.
文摘This study was designed to identify and investigate bioactive natural product compounds that alter the cellular shape of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and induce a“rounded”or“small”cellular morphological phenotype.Bioassays using a range of antifungal agents against a multidrug-sensitive fission yeast strain,SAK950 showed that many induced a“rounded”phenotype.We then investigated whether 46 of the actinomycete strains identified in our previous study as inducing a similar phenotype produced antifungal agents of similar classes.We show that five of the strains produced streptothricin and that 26 strains produced polyenes,including fungichromin,filipin and candicidin,the last of which was produced by 24 strains.A taxonomic study of the strains indicated that the majority of the candicidin only producers were Streptomyces hydrogenans and S.albidoflavus whilst those that additionally produced streptothricin were related to S.enissocaesilis.A follow-up study to investigate the natural products made by related strains indicated that they followed a similar pattern.The identification of several compounds from the actinomycete strains similar to the antifungal agents initially tested confirm the validity of an approach using the S.pombe morphological phenotype and actinomycete taxonomy as a predictive tool for natural product identification.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871694,31800255)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(2020Q022,14042216-Y).
文摘Plant U-box(PUB)E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in hormone signaling pathways and in response to different abiotic stresses,but little is known about U-box genes in Danshen(root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge).Here,we identified and characterized 70 SmPUB genes based on its genome sequence.Phylogenetic analysis of U-box genes from S.miltiorrhiza and Arabidopsis suggested that they can be clustered into seven subgroups(I–VII).Typical U-box domains were found in all identified SmPUB genes through the analysis of conserved motifs.Moreover,qRT-PCR was applied to analyze the relative expression levels of U-box genes in S.miltiorrhiza roots and leaves under PEG-induced water deficit and salt stresses.Results revealed that the SmPUB genes exhibited stronger response to drought than to salt stress.To the best of our knowledge,this report is the first to perform genome-wide identification and analysis of the U-box gene family in S.miltiorrhiza,and the results provide valuable information for better understanding of the function of U-box in S.miltiorrhiza.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871694,31800255)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(14042216-Y).
文摘NAC(NAM,ATAF,CUC)is a class of transcription factors involved in plant growth regulation,abiotic stress responses,morphogenesis and metabolism.Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important Chinese medicinal herb,but the characterization of NAC genes in this species is limited.In this study,based on the Salvia miltiorrhiza genomic databases,82 NAC transcription factors were identified,which were divided into 14 groups.Meanwhile,phylogenetic analysis,gene structure,chromosomal localization and potential role of SmNACs in abiotic stress conditions were also studied.The results revealed that some SmNACs had different structures than others,which advised that these genes may have multiple/distinct functions.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)analysis showed that SmNACs exhibited differential expression patterns under salt and drought stress.The NaCl induced salinity treatments modulated the expression of several SmNAC genes more in roots compared with leaves.Conversely,under drought stress conditions,more genes were upregulated in leaves compared with roots.These results will be useful for the further study involved in the functional characteristics of SmNAC genes,especially in response to salt and drought stresses,thereby may facilitate genetic breeding in Salvia miltiorrhiza.