The limited regenerative capacity of neuronal cells requires tight orchestration of cell death and survival regulation in the context of longevity, age-associated diseases as well as during the development of the nerv...The limited regenerative capacity of neuronal cells requires tight orchestration of cell death and survival regulation in the context of longevity, age-associated diseases as well as during the development of the nervous system. Subordinate to genetic networks epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modifications are involved in the regulation of neuronal development, function and aging. DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferases （DNMTs）, mostly correlated with gene silencing, is a dynamic and reversible process. In addition to their canonical actions performing cytosine methylation, DNMTs influence gene expression by interactions with histone modifying enzymes or complexes increasing the complexity of epigenetic transcriptional networks. DNMTs are expressed in neuronal progenitors, post-mi- totic as well as adult neurons. In this review, we discuss the role and mode of actions of DNMTs including downstream networks in the regulation of neuronal survival in the developing and aging nervous system and its relevance for associated disorders.展开更多
In the cerebral cortex,local inhibition is achieved by different types of gamma-aminobutyric(GABA)-expressing interneurons,representing essential key players of cortical information processing(Marin,2012).Their develo...In the cerebral cortex,local inhibition is achieved by different types of gamma-aminobutyric(GABA)-expressing interneurons,representing essential key players of cortical information processing(Marin,2012).Their development has to be highly orchestrated to ensure proper numbers and subtype composition in the adult cortex and defects in interneuron development contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases(Marin,2012).展开更多
In a recent article published in Nature,1 Deng and colleagues uncovered a single-molecule mechanism for protection against the harmful human microbial pathogen Streptococcus pyrogenes.The Gram-positive Group A Strepto...In a recent article published in Nature,1 Deng and colleagues uncovered a single-molecule mechanism for protection against the harmful human microbial pathogen Streptococcus pyrogenes.The Gram-positive Group A Streptococci(GAS)are responsible for a variety of acute infections ranging from noninvasive,mildly progressive to invasive infectious diseases with high mortality rates.GAS virulence factors thereby condition the invasion of the bloodstream and soft tissue,leading to invasive systemic dissemination.2 Deng et al.identified GSDMA not only as a sensor for intracellular streptopain(SpeB),an important GAS virulence factor,but also as an effector protein for host epithelial cell pyroptosis.展开更多
文摘The limited regenerative capacity of neuronal cells requires tight orchestration of cell death and survival regulation in the context of longevity, age-associated diseases as well as during the development of the nervous system. Subordinate to genetic networks epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modifications are involved in the regulation of neuronal development, function and aging. DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferases （DNMTs）, mostly correlated with gene silencing, is a dynamic and reversible process. In addition to their canonical actions performing cytosine methylation, DNMTs influence gene expression by interactions with histone modifying enzymes or complexes increasing the complexity of epigenetic transcriptional networks. DNMTs are expressed in neuronal progenitors, post-mi- totic as well as adult neurons. In this review, we discuss the role and mode of actions of DNMTs including downstream networks in the regulation of neuronal survival in the developing and aging nervous system and its relevance for associated disorders.
文摘In the cerebral cortex,local inhibition is achieved by different types of gamma-aminobutyric(GABA)-expressing interneurons,representing essential key players of cortical information processing(Marin,2012).Their development has to be highly orchestrated to ensure proper numbers and subtype composition in the adult cortex and defects in interneuron development contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases(Marin,2012).
文摘In a recent article published in Nature,1 Deng and colleagues uncovered a single-molecule mechanism for protection against the harmful human microbial pathogen Streptococcus pyrogenes.The Gram-positive Group A Streptococci(GAS)are responsible for a variety of acute infections ranging from noninvasive,mildly progressive to invasive infectious diseases with high mortality rates.GAS virulence factors thereby condition the invasion of the bloodstream and soft tissue,leading to invasive systemic dissemination.2 Deng et al.identified GSDMA not only as a sensor for intracellular streptopain(SpeB),an important GAS virulence factor,but also as an effector protein for host epithelial cell pyroptosis.
