AIM: To investigate the gene expression pattern of hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6) and other liverenriched transcription factors in various segments of the human intestine to better understand the differentiation o...AIM: To investigate the gene expression pattern of hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6) and other liverenriched transcription factors in various segments of the human intestine to better understand the differentiation of the gut epithelium. METHODS: Samples of healthy duodenum and jejunum were obtained from patients with pancreatic cancer whereas ileum and colon was obtained from patients undergoing right or left hemicolectomy or (recto)sigmoid or rectal resection. All surgical specimens were subjected to histopathology. Excised tissue was shock-frozen and analyzed for gene expression of liver-enriched transcription factors by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain and compared to the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2. Protein expression of major liver-enriched transcription factors was determined by Western blotting while the DNA binding of HNF6 was investigated by electromobility shift assays. RESULTS: The gene expression patterning of liverenriched transcription factors differed in the various segments of the human intestine with HNF6 gene expression being most abundant in the duodenum (P < 0.05) whereas expression of the zinc finger protein GATA4 and of the HNF6 target gene ALDH3A1 was most abundant in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Likewise, expression of FOXA2 and the splice variants 2 and 4 of HNF4α were most abundantly expressed in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Essentially, expression of transcription factors declined from the duodenum towards the colon with the most abundant expression in the jejunum and less in the ileum. The expression of HNF6 and of genes targeted by this factor, i.e. neurogenin 3 (NGN3) was most abundant in the jejunum followed by the ileum and the colon while DNA binding activity of HNF4α and of NGN3 was conf irmed by electromobility shift assays to an optimized probe. Furthermore, Western blotting provided evidence of the expression of several liver-enriched transcription factors in cultures of colon epithelial cells, albeit at different levels. CONCLUSION: We describe significant local and segmental differences in the expression of liver-enriched transcription factors in the human intestine which impact epithelial cell biology of the gut.展开更多
AIM: To outline the surgical experience with donor liver splitting in split liver transplantation.METHODS: From March 1 to September 1 in 2004, 10donor livers were split ex situ into a left lateral lobe (segments Ⅱ a...AIM: To outline the surgical experience with donor liver splitting in split liver transplantation.METHODS: From March 1 to September 1 in 2004, 10donor livers were split ex situ into a left lateral lobe (segments Ⅱ and Ⅲ) and a right extended lobe (segments Ⅰ, Ⅳ-Ⅷ) in Medical School of Hannover, and thereafter split liver transplantation was performed successfully in 19 cases. The average age, weight and ICU staying period of the donors were 32.7 years (15-51 years), 64.5 kg (45-75 kg) and 2.4 d (1-8 d) respectively.RESULTS: The average weight of the whole graft and the left lateral lobe was 1 322.6 g (956-1 665 g) and 281.8 g (198-373 g) respectively, and the average ratio of left lateral lobe to the whole graft was 0.215 (0.178-0.274).The average graft to recipient weight ratio (GRWR) of the left lateral lobe and the right extended lobe reached 2.44% (1.22-5.41%) and 1.73% (1.31-2.30%) respectively.On average it took approximately 105 min (85-135 min)to split the donor liver. Five donor organs showed anatomic variation including the left hepatic vein variation in two cases, the left hepatic artery variation in two cases and the bile duct variation in one case.CONCLUSION: Split liver transplantation has become a mature surgical technique to expand the donor pool with promising results. In the process of graft splitting, close attention needs to be paid to potential anatomic variations,especially to variations of the left hepatic vein, the left hepatic artery, and the bile duct.展开更多
基金Supported by (in part) Novartis Pharma GmbH,Germany,BU Transplantation and Immunology (to Lehner F)the Lower Saxony Ministry of Culture and Sciences and the Volk-swagen foundation,Germany,Grant No.25A.5-7251-99-3/00
文摘AIM: To investigate the gene expression pattern of hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6) and other liverenriched transcription factors in various segments of the human intestine to better understand the differentiation of the gut epithelium. METHODS: Samples of healthy duodenum and jejunum were obtained from patients with pancreatic cancer whereas ileum and colon was obtained from patients undergoing right or left hemicolectomy or (recto)sigmoid or rectal resection. All surgical specimens were subjected to histopathology. Excised tissue was shock-frozen and analyzed for gene expression of liver-enriched transcription factors by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain and compared to the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2. Protein expression of major liver-enriched transcription factors was determined by Western blotting while the DNA binding of HNF6 was investigated by electromobility shift assays. RESULTS: The gene expression patterning of liverenriched transcription factors differed in the various segments of the human intestine with HNF6 gene expression being most abundant in the duodenum (P < 0.05) whereas expression of the zinc finger protein GATA4 and of the HNF6 target gene ALDH3A1 was most abundant in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Likewise, expression of FOXA2 and the splice variants 2 and 4 of HNF4α were most abundantly expressed in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Essentially, expression of transcription factors declined from the duodenum towards the colon with the most abundant expression in the jejunum and less in the ileum. The expression of HNF6 and of genes targeted by this factor, i.e. neurogenin 3 (NGN3) was most abundant in the jejunum followed by the ileum and the colon while DNA binding activity of HNF4α and of NGN3 was conf irmed by electromobility shift assays to an optimized probe. Furthermore, Western blotting provided evidence of the expression of several liver-enriched transcription factors in cultures of colon epithelial cells, albeit at different levels. CONCLUSION: We describe significant local and segmental differences in the expression of liver-enriched transcription factors in the human intestine which impact epithelial cell biology of the gut.
文摘AIM: To outline the surgical experience with donor liver splitting in split liver transplantation.METHODS: From March 1 to September 1 in 2004, 10donor livers were split ex situ into a left lateral lobe (segments Ⅱ and Ⅲ) and a right extended lobe (segments Ⅰ, Ⅳ-Ⅷ) in Medical School of Hannover, and thereafter split liver transplantation was performed successfully in 19 cases. The average age, weight and ICU staying period of the donors were 32.7 years (15-51 years), 64.5 kg (45-75 kg) and 2.4 d (1-8 d) respectively.RESULTS: The average weight of the whole graft and the left lateral lobe was 1 322.6 g (956-1 665 g) and 281.8 g (198-373 g) respectively, and the average ratio of left lateral lobe to the whole graft was 0.215 (0.178-0.274).The average graft to recipient weight ratio (GRWR) of the left lateral lobe and the right extended lobe reached 2.44% (1.22-5.41%) and 1.73% (1.31-2.30%) respectively.On average it took approximately 105 min (85-135 min)to split the donor liver. Five donor organs showed anatomic variation including the left hepatic vein variation in two cases, the left hepatic artery variation in two cases and the bile duct variation in one case.CONCLUSION: Split liver transplantation has become a mature surgical technique to expand the donor pool with promising results. In the process of graft splitting, close attention needs to be paid to potential anatomic variations,especially to variations of the left hepatic vein, the left hepatic artery, and the bile duct.
