Bactrocera dorsalis syn Bactrocera invadens(Diptera:Tephritidae)(B.dorsalis)is a quarantine pest of Asian origin with host plants such as Mango(Mangifera indica),Guava(Psidium guajava),Citrus(Citrus spp.)and Papaya(Ca...Bactrocera dorsalis syn Bactrocera invadens(Diptera:Tephritidae)(B.dorsalis)is a quarantine pest of Asian origin with host plants such as Mango(Mangifera indica),Guava(Psidium guajava),Citrus(Citrus spp.)and Papaya(Carica papaya).B.dorsalis is considered as a major threat to many countries due to its ability to establish and spread to new areas,the damage it causes to hosts and potential impact on market access.Due to this threat,the DALRRD(Department of Agriculture,Land Reform and Rural Development)placed traps to monitor B.dorsalis in Mopani District Municipality in 2010.The traps were serviced once a month.A single male specimen of B.dorsalis was detected for the first time on 27 April 2012,in the Deerpak area in Mopani District Municipality,of the Limpopo Province,South Africa.Other incursions occurred in Letsitele and Hoedspruit in the same district,in December 2012.Subsequent to the detections,the DALRRD initiated delimiting surveys.A quarantine area was implemented to regulate the removal of host fruits to contain the pest and to initiate an eradication program.The eradication and suppression methods focused on applications of BAT(Bait Application Technique),MAT(Male Annihilation Technique)and orchard sanitation.An integrated approach was followed by involving several role players which included rural communities,farmers,industry organizations,DALRRD and LDARD(Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development).After the initial detection in 2012,B.dorsalis was again detected in Deerpak and Letsitele in 2013,but,not in Hoedspruit.In 2014 however,B.dorsalis was detected in all three areas with higher numbers in summer,with the highest number of 11,953,2,260 and 8 in Deerpak,Hoedspruit and Letsitele,respectively.This increase could have been attributed to the higher than normal rainfall and reduced phytosanitary efforts in some areas by affected parties.The results of this study revealed that B.dorsalis can be successfully eradicated and or suppressed provided that role players work together and invest their efforts and resources in an area-wide approach.展开更多
历经战火,贝尔格莱德依旧保有活力。街巷的酒吧、河边的餐厅、慢悠悠穿梭老城的有轨电车,城中掠影闲适次然。“Aha Aha Aha”,每次听到从塞尔维亚人嘴里传出这一叠声语气词时,我就忍俊不禁。这是表达“我明白了”“原来如此”的意思,声...历经战火,贝尔格莱德依旧保有活力。街巷的酒吧、河边的餐厅、慢悠悠穿梭老城的有轨电车,城中掠影闲适次然。“Aha Aha Aha”,每次听到从塞尔维亚人嘴里传出这一叠声语气词时,我就忍俊不禁。这是表达“我明白了”“原来如此”的意思,声调稍显戏剧性,似乎隐隐带出了他们的某些天性:热情、爽朗、朴实。展开更多
死亡与破坏不完全是同宇宙学风马牛不相及的主题.黑洞可以把恒星撕得粉身碎骨,看不见的暗物质使星系彼此飞快地远离.因而英国皇家天文学家Martin Rees爵士看到地球上同样是灾祸猖獗也就不足为奇了.他告戒说,人类文明只有50%的机会得以...死亡与破坏不完全是同宇宙学风马牛不相及的主题.黑洞可以把恒星撕得粉身碎骨,看不见的暗物质使星系彼此飞快地远离.因而英国皇家天文学家Martin Rees爵士看到地球上同样是灾祸猖獗也就不足为奇了.他告戒说,人类文明只有50%的机会得以捱到本世纪末.这位62岁的剑桥大学天体物理学家和宇宙学家对于他的悲观预测深感不吐不快,于是在去年抛出了一部风靡一时的著作来谈论此话题,书名就叫做"人类的最后一刻"(Our Final Hour).展开更多
文摘Bactrocera dorsalis syn Bactrocera invadens(Diptera:Tephritidae)(B.dorsalis)is a quarantine pest of Asian origin with host plants such as Mango(Mangifera indica),Guava(Psidium guajava),Citrus(Citrus spp.)and Papaya(Carica papaya).B.dorsalis is considered as a major threat to many countries due to its ability to establish and spread to new areas,the damage it causes to hosts and potential impact on market access.Due to this threat,the DALRRD(Department of Agriculture,Land Reform and Rural Development)placed traps to monitor B.dorsalis in Mopani District Municipality in 2010.The traps were serviced once a month.A single male specimen of B.dorsalis was detected for the first time on 27 April 2012,in the Deerpak area in Mopani District Municipality,of the Limpopo Province,South Africa.Other incursions occurred in Letsitele and Hoedspruit in the same district,in December 2012.Subsequent to the detections,the DALRRD initiated delimiting surveys.A quarantine area was implemented to regulate the removal of host fruits to contain the pest and to initiate an eradication program.The eradication and suppression methods focused on applications of BAT(Bait Application Technique),MAT(Male Annihilation Technique)and orchard sanitation.An integrated approach was followed by involving several role players which included rural communities,farmers,industry organizations,DALRRD and LDARD(Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development).After the initial detection in 2012,B.dorsalis was again detected in Deerpak and Letsitele in 2013,but,not in Hoedspruit.In 2014 however,B.dorsalis was detected in all three areas with higher numbers in summer,with the highest number of 11,953,2,260 and 8 in Deerpak,Hoedspruit and Letsitele,respectively.This increase could have been attributed to the higher than normal rainfall and reduced phytosanitary efforts in some areas by affected parties.The results of this study revealed that B.dorsalis can be successfully eradicated and or suppressed provided that role players work together and invest their efforts and resources in an area-wide approach.
文摘死亡与破坏不完全是同宇宙学风马牛不相及的主题.黑洞可以把恒星撕得粉身碎骨,看不见的暗物质使星系彼此飞快地远离.因而英国皇家天文学家Martin Rees爵士看到地球上同样是灾祸猖獗也就不足为奇了.他告戒说,人类文明只有50%的机会得以捱到本世纪末.这位62岁的剑桥大学天体物理学家和宇宙学家对于他的悲观预测深感不吐不快,于是在去年抛出了一部风靡一时的著作来谈论此话题,书名就叫做"人类的最后一刻"(Our Final Hour).
