深冷循环热处理下锆基金属玻璃的回春行为调控

研究Zr_(55)Cu_(30)Ni_(5)Al_(10)(摩尔分数,%)金属玻璃在深冷循环处理过程中的回春行为。实验发现,随着循环次数的增加,样品的回春程度更高,表现为更高的弛豫焓与更低的密度。回春程度经200次循环后逐渐饱和,这可能与非晶结构中有限的自由体积含量有关。同时,高循环次数下的样品硬度更低,塑性更好,这与其剪切转变区体积增大有关。此时,更低的剪切面形成能有利于多重剪切带的形成。此外,还发现自由体积含量与样品塑性应变及剪切转变区体积呈线性关系。分子动力学模拟结果还表明,在高冷速下回春程度高的样品会发生原子体积的饱和。

Endorepellin downregulation promotes angiogenesis after experimental traumatic brain injury

Endorepellin plays a key role in the regulation of angiogenesis,but its effects on angiogenesis after traumatic brain injury are unclear.This study explored the effects of endorepellin on angiogenesis and neurobehavioral outcomes after traumatic brain injury in mice.Mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham,controlled cortical impact only,adeno-associated virus(AAV)-green fluorescent protein,and AAV-shEndorepellin-green fluorescent protein groups.In the controlled cortical impact model,the transduction of AAV-shEndorepellin-green fluorescent protein downregulated endorepellin while increasing the number of CD31+/Ki-67+proliferating endothelial cells and the functional microvessel density in mouse brain.These changes resulted in improved neurological function compared with controlled cortical impact mice.Western blotting revealed increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 in mice treated with AAV-shEndorepellin-green fluorescent protein.Synchrotron radiation angiography showed that endorepellin downregulation promoted angiogenesis and increased cortical neovascularization,which may further improve neurobehavioral outcomes.Furthermore,an in vitro study showed that downregulation of endorepellin increased tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells compared with a control.Mechanistic analysis found that endorepellin downregulation may mediate angiogenesis by activating vascular endothelial growth factor-and angiopoietin-1-related signaling pathways.

Inhibiting phosphatase and actin regulator 1 expression is neuroprotective in the context of traumatic brain injury

Studies have found that the phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression can be related to stroke,but it remains unclear whether changes in phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression also play a role in traumatic brain injury.In this study we found that,in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury induced by controlled cortical impact,phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression is increased in endothelial cells,neurons,astrocytes,and microglia.When we overexpressed phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 by injection an adeno-associated virus vector into the contused area in the traumatic brain injury mice,the water content of the brain tissue increased.However,when phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 was knocked down,the water content decreased.We also found that inhibiting phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression regulated the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway,decreased blood-brain barrier permeability,reduced aquaporin 4 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression,inhibited neuroinflammation,and neuronal apoptosis,thereby improving neurological function.The findings from this study indicate that phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 may be a potential therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury.

The high-quality Pinellia pedatisecta genome reveals a key role of tandem duplication in the expansion of its agglutinin genes

Dear Editor,Pinellia Tenore,a small genus of the monocot family Araceae,consists of only nine perennial herbaceous species and is mainly distributed in East Asia[1].Pinellia plants have been widely used as herbal medicines in Asia for over 2000 years.Among these species,P.ternata and P.pedatisecta are most widely used as traditional medicinal herbs[2].In China,the medicinal utilization of P.ternata and P.pedatisecta was first documented in the Divine Farmer’s Materia Medica(Chinese name:‘Shennong Bencao Jing’)during the Eastern Han dynasty(25–250 AD).Tubers produced by these plants have been traditionally utilized to treat vomiting,infection,and inf lammation[3].Modern pharmacological studies have indicated that the pharmacological effects of Pinellia plants are closely related to endogenous components,such as plant lectins,alkaloids,amino acids,nucleosides,and polysaccharides[2].P.ternata has been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as a common traditional Chinese medicine.However,to date no genomic resources have been reported in the genus Pinellia,which greatly limits further studies on this valuable resource.

Interaction of methionine sulfoxide reductase B5 with SlMYC2 stimulates the transcription of MeJA-mediated autophagy-related genes in tomato fruit

Methyl jasmonate(MeJA)has been shown to induce autophagy in various plant stress responses and metabolic pathways.MYC2 is involved in MeJA-mediated postharvest fruit biological metabolism,but it is unclear how it affects MeJA-induced fruit autophagy.In this study,we noticed that silencing SlMYC2 significantly reduced the increase in autophagy-related genes(SlATGs)expression induced by MeJA.SlMYC2 could also bind to the promoters of several SlATGs,including SlATG13a,SlATG13b,SlATG18a,and SlATG18h,and activate their transcript levels.Moreover,SlMsrB5,a methionine sulfoxide reductase,could interact with SlMYC2.Methionine oxidation in SlMYC2 and mimicking sulfoxidation in SlMYC2 by mutation of methionine-542 to glutamine reduced the DNA-binding ability and transcriptional activity of SlMYC2,respectively.SlMsrB5 partially repaired oxidized SlMYC2 and restored its DNA-binding ability.On the other hand,silencing SlMsrB5 inhibited the transcript levels of SlMYC2-targeted genes(SlATG13a,SlATG13b,SlATG18a,and SlATG18h).Similarly,dual-luciferase reporter(DLR)analysis revealed that SlMsrB5–SlMYC2 interaction significantly increased the ability of SlMYC2-mediated transcriptional activation of SlATG13a,SlATG13b,SlATG18a,and SlATG18h.These findings demonstrate that SlMsrB5-mediated cyclic oxidation/reduction of methionine in SlMYC2 inf luences SlATGs expression.Collectively,these findings reveal the mechanism of SlMYC2 in SlATGs transcriptional regulation,providing insight into the mechanism of MeJA-mediated postharvest fruit quality regulation.

Conservative management of multi-trauma induced peritonitis:Experience,outcomes,and indications

BACKGROUND The concept of mandatory laparotomy in treating traumatic peritonitis has been increasingly questioned recently.AIM To summarize and share the experience of conservative treatment of patients with multi-trauma induced peritonitis.METHODS A retrospective review was performed on patients with multiple injury induced traumatic peritonitis.RESULTS A total of 184 patients with multiple injury induced traumatic peritonitis were reviewed.46 of them underwent conservative treatment.None of the 46 patients with conservative treatment switched to surgical treatment,and all of them were cured and discharged after successful conservative treatment.No significant abnormal findings were observed at regular follow-up after discharge.CONCLUSION Conservative management is safe,effective,feasible,and beneficial in hemodynamically stable patients with traumatic peritonitis if there is no definite evidence of severe abdominal visceral organ injury.

工业燃机轴流压气机级间非均匀引气的数值仿真

为了研究非均匀级间引气对压气机主流流动和引气腔室内二次流动的影响,本文对工业燃机常用的级间引气布局进行了参数化的数值模拟仿真。结果显示,即便全周的环形引气腔室对引气有一定的稳压作用,在大引气量下,非均匀的引气方式依然会对主流流动造成影响,引发级间流场的周向畸变;而且,非均匀的引气方式还会导致引气腔室内的流动方向紊乱,在试验过程中难以测取精确的气动参数来反馈数值仿真;建议将试验测点布置于引气管路内,并建立级间非均匀引气的降维仿真模型来准确预测级间引气的效果。

高效高负荷高通流能力轴流风机气动设计参数选择与三维叶片技术

为探讨高效高负荷高通流能力风机的关键气动设计技术及其内部流动机理,本文完成了一台压比为1.20,载荷系数为0.83的轴流风机设计。详细研究了流量系数、反力度等设计参数的影响规律,并给出了相应的选取原则;分析了叶片负荷调整、叶片弯曲、叶片端弯对叶栅内流动、级匹配、级性能的影响,给出了高负荷轴流风机三维叶片设计的基本原则;此外,本文还开发了S1流面协同优化方法,有效地降低了静叶损失,提高了风机裕度。

Endoscopic treatment of difficult extrahepatic bile duct stones, EPBD or EST: An anatomic view

Large bile duct stone(> 10 mm) or multiple stones(≥ 3) are challenging for endoscopists. Endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) is a routine therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) procedure usually used. It is safe and effective, but severe perforation or massive bleeding are the main causes of mortality. Because of the permanent destroy ofOddi sphincter, the use of EST is still controversial. Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(EPBD) gives another way to open the sphincter. Less incidence of bleeding, perforation and partly preserving the Oddi sphincter's function are the main advantages. But high incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis becomes a predominant problem. According to the anatomical feature of Oddi sphincter, limited EST + EPBD seems a more reasonable procedure. Compared to the former two procedures, it makes the stone extraction process much easier with lower incidences of short-term and long-term complications.

Influence of endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor on neural differentiation of adult rat hippocampal progenitors

Ciliary neurotrophic factor is the only known neurotrophic factor that can promote differentiation of hippocampal neural progenitor cells to glial cells and neurons in adult rats. This process is similar to spontaneous differentiation. Therefore, ciliary neurotrophic factor may be involved in spontaneous differentiation of neural stem cells. To verify this hypothesis, the present study isolated neural progenitor cells from adult male rats and cultured them in vitro. Results showed that when neural progenitor cells were cultured in the absence of mitogen fibroblast growth factor-2 or epidermal growth factor, they underwent spontaneous differentiation into neurons and glial cells. Western blot and immunocytochemical staining showed that exogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor strongly induced adult hippocampal progenitor cells to differentiate into neurons and glial cells. Moreover, passage 4 adult hippocampal progenitor cells expressed high levels of endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor, and a neutralizing antibody against ciliary neurotrophic factor prevented the spontaneous neuronal and glial differentiation of adult hippocampal progenitor cells. These results suggest that the spontaneous differentiation of adult hippocampal progenitor cells is mediated partially by endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor.

Cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation 1-engineered embryonic neural stem cells enhance neuronal differentiation and neurobehavioral recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury

Our previous study showed that cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation 1(CEND1)may participate in neural stem cell cycle exit and oriented differentiation.However,whether CEND1-transfected neural stem cells can improve the prognosis of traumatic brain injury remained unclear.In this study,we performed quantitative proteomic analysis and found that after traumatic brain injury,CEND1 expression was downregulated in mouse brain tissue.Three days after traumatic brain injury,we transplanted CEND1-transfected neural stem cells into the area surrounding the injury site.We found that at 5 weeks after traumatic brain injury,transplantation of CEND1-transfected neural stem cells markedly alleviated brain atrophy and greatly improved neurological function.In vivo and in vitro results indicate that CEND1 overexpression inhibited the proliferation of neural stem cells,but significantly promoted their neuronal differentiation.Additionally,CEND1 overexpression reduced protein levels of Notch1 and cyclin D1,but increased levels of p21 in CEND1-transfected neural stem cells.Treatment with CEND1-transfected neural stem cells was superior to similar treatment without CEND1 transfection.These findings suggest that transplantation of CEND1-transfected neural stem cells is a promising cell therapy for traumatic brain injury.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the School of Biomedical Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China(approval No.2016034)on November 25,2016.

Metabolomics analysis for skin ulceration syndrome of Apostichopus japonicus based on UPLC/Q-TOF MS

Skin ulceration syndrome(SUS)is the main diseases aff ected the development of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)culture industries.To better observe the changes in the sea cucumber A.japonicus with SUS and understand the pathogenesis of the disease,activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and level of malondialdehyde(MDA)in coelomic fluid were detected using the Assay Kit and metabolites in the body wall were assessed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry.The results indicated that level of MDA was increased during SUS compared with healthy individuals(P<0.01),but activities of SOD and CAT were reduced(P<0.05).In metabolomics analysis,metabolites,such as adenosine,choline,betaine aldehyde,palmitic acid,and taurine,were found to be upregulated and 2-oxoadipic acid,anthranilic acid(vitamin L1),thioetheramide-PC,cholesterol-3-sulfate,and pentadecanoic acid were downregulated(VIP>1 and P<0.1).Pathway enrichment analysis indicated most enrichment of KEGG pathways were mainly related to energy metabolism,immunity,and osmoregulation such as ABC transporters,glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,tryptophan metabolism and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.Our study reflected the difference in enzyme activity and metabolites between A.japonicus with SUS and those without,which will provide reference data for investigating SUS.

Human mirror neuron system and its plasticity

The mirror neuron system （MNS） was first discovered in non-human primates; these neurons fire when a monkey performs an action or observes another monkey （or even some people） performing that same action. Recent findings have suggested that neural rehabilitation might be achieved through the activation of the MNS in patients after stroke. We propose two major mechanisms （one involving adult neurogenesis and another involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor） that may underlie the activation, modulation and experience-dependent plasticity in the MNS, for further study on promoting central nerve functional reconstruction and rehabilitation of patients with central nervous system injury.

The influence of Chinese population policy change on resources and the environment

Universal two-child policy has been implemented since the end of 2015 in China.This policy is anticipated to bring a significant increase in the total population,with profound influences on the resources and environment in the future.This paper analyzes the changing dynamics of urban and rural population,and forecasts urban and rural population from 2016 to 2030 at national and provincial scale using a double log linear regression model.Drawing upon the results of these two predictions,the impact of the population policy change on Chinese resources consumption and environmental pollution are predicted quantitatively.Given the future total population maintains current levels on resources consumption and environmental emission,the additional demand of resources and environment demand for the new population is forecasted and compared against the capacity on supply side.The findings are as follows:after implementing the universal two-child policy,China's grain,energy consumption,domestic water demand,and pollutant emissions are projected to increase at different rates across provinces.To meet the needs arising from future population growth,food and energy self-sufficiency rate will be significantly reduced in the future,while relying more on imports.Stability of the water supply needs to be improved,especially in Beijing,Henan,Jiangsu,Qinghai,and Sichuan where the gap in future domestic water demand is comparatively larger.Environmental protection and associated governing capability are in urgent need of upgrade not least due to the increasing pressure of pollution.

3D Printing of Next-generation Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices: from Multiscale to Multimaterial

The increasing energy requirements to power the modern world has driven active research into more advanced electrochemical energy storage devices(EESD)with both high energy densities and power densities.Wide range of newly discovered materials with promising electrochemical properties has shown great potential for next-generation devices,but their performance is normally associated with contradicting demands of thin electrodes and high mass loading that can be hardly achieved for practical applications.Design of three-dimensional(3D)porous electrodes can increase the mass loading while maintaining the effective charge transport even with thick electrodes,which has proven to be efficient to overcome the limitations.3D structures have also been demonstrated excellent structural stability to withstand strong strains and stresses generated during charge/discharge cycle.3D printing,which can fabricate various delicate and complex structural designs,thus offering brand-new opportunities for the rational design and facile construction of next-generation EESDs.The recent developments in 3D printing of next-generation EESDs with high performance are reviewed.Advanced/multiscale electrode structures,such as hierarchically porous structure that can be constructed via high-resolution 3D printing or with post-treatment,are further emphasized.The ability of current 3D printing techniques to fulfill multimaterial printing to fulfill simple packaging will be covered.

Bovine Serum Albumin-Conjugated Ferrimagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Enhance the Biocompatibility and Magnetic Hyperthermia Performance

Magnetic hyperthermia is a fast emerging, non-invasive cancer treatment method which is used synergistically with the existing cancer therapeutics. We have attempted to address the current challenges in clinical magnetic hyperthermia-improved biocompatibility and enhanced heating characteristics, through a single combinatorial approach. Both superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(SPIONs) of size 10 nm and ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(FIONs) of size 30 nm were synthesized by thermal decomposition method for comparison studies. Two different surface modifying agents, viz, Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide and 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, were used to conjugate Bovine Serum Albumin(BSA) over the iron oxide nanoparticles via two different methods—surface charge adsorption and covalent amide bonding, respectively. The preliminary haemolysis and cell viability experiments show that BSA conjugation mitigates the haemolytic effect of the iron oxide nanoparticles on erythrocytes and is non-cytotoxic to the healthy Baby Hamster Kidney cells. It was observed from the results that due to better colloidal stability, the SAR value of the BSA-iron oxide nanoparticles is higher than the iron oxide nanoparticles without BSA, irrespective of the size of the iron oxide nanoparticles and method of conjugation. The BSA-FIONs seem to show improved biocompatibility, as the haemolytic index is less than 2 % and cell viability is up to 120 %, when normalized with the control. The SAR value of BSAFIONs is 2300 Wg^(-1) when compared to 1700 Wg^(-1) of FIONs without BSA conjugation. Thus, we report here that BSA conjugation over FIONs(with a high saturation magnetization of 87 emug^(-1)) provide a single combinatorial approach to improve the biocompatibility and enhance the SAR value for magnetic hyperthermia, thus addressing both the current challenges of the same.

Molecular characterization and expression of the SiUCP2 gene in sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a proton transporter located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and inhibits the formation of adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. To provide a theoretical basis for the role of SiUCP2 in lipid metabolism, a 2 341-bp full-length cDNA of SiUCP2 from sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius , which encodes 323 amino acids (predicted MW 36.11 kDa) was obtained, and the structure and function of the SiUCP2 gene and its expression at the mRNA and protein level were studied. SiUCP2 had high homology with UCP2 of other species. Expression of SiUCP2 was detected in the order of tube feet > gonads > coelomocytes > intestines. The expression level was the highest in prismatic larvae and lowest in the two-cell stage. Moreover, using in-situ hybridization, we found that SiUCP2 protein was expressed in the gonads and intestine. This study provided a theoretical basis for subsequent studies on the role of SiUCP2 and its regulatory mechanism in lipid metabolism, and for the improvement of gonad quality to obtain a higher economic value from sea urchins.

Microstructures and Properties of FeAl-Fe_3AlC_(0.5) Composites Prepared by SHS Casting

FeAl composites with 21, 37 and 50 wt pct Fe3AlC0.5 were fabricated by a self-propagating high temperature synthesis （SHS） casting. Phases and microstructures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Microhardness and bending strength of the composites were measured. The composites with 21 and 50 wt pct Fe3AlC0.5 mainly consisted of FeAl and FesAlC0.5 phases, whereas the composite with 37 wt pct Fe3AlC0.5 was composed of FeAl, Fe3AlC0.5 and graphite phases. The bonding of the reinforcement and the matrix was good. Hardness and bending strength of the composite with 37 wt pct Fe3AlC0.5 was lower than those of the 21 and 50 wt pct composites owing to the presence of the soft graphite phase.

C band microwave damage characteristics of pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor

The damage effect characteristics of GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor(pHEMT)under the irradiation of C band high-power microwave(HPM)is investigated in this paper.Based on the theoretical analysis,the thermoelectric coupling model is established,and the key damage parameters of the device under typical pulse conditions are predicted,including the damage location,damage power,etc.By the injection effect test and device microanatomy analysis through using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),it is concluded that the gate metal in the first stage of the device is the vulnerable to HPM damage,especially the side below the gate near the source.The damage power in the injection test is about 40 dBm and in good agreement with the simulation result.This work has a certain reference value for microwave damage assessment of pHEMT.

Improvement of Cylindrical Cloak by Layered Structure of Homogeneous Isotropic Materials

The perfect cylindrical cloak requires three spatial variant material parameters, which is very difficult to realize in practice [Science 312, 1780 (2006)]. The approach of realizing the electromagnetic cloaking by concentric layered structures instead of using the metamaterial was presented [Optics Express, Vol. 15, No. 18 (2007)]. We use the concentric layered structures to realize a simplified cylindrical cloak with improved parameters and an ideal cylindrical cloak with spatially invariant axial material parameters. Numerical simulation results validate that cloaking performance is significantly improved compared with previously proposed multilayered cloak.