Photodetectors based on two-dimensional materials and organic thin-film heterojunctions

High-performance photodetectors are expected to open up revolutionary opportunities in many application fields, such as environment monitoring, military, optical communication and biomedical science. Combining two-dimensional materials(which have tunable optical absorption and high carrier mobility) with organic materials(which are abundant with low cost, high flexibility and large-area scalability) to form thin-film heterojunctions, high-responsivity photodetectors could be predicted with fast response speed in a wide spectra region.In this review, we give a comprehensive summary of photodetectors based on two-dimensional materials and organic thin-film heterojunctions, which includes hybrid assisted enhanced devices, single-layer enhanced devices, vertical heterojunction devices and tunable vertical heterojunction devices. We also give a systematic classification and perspectives on the future development of these types of photodetectors.

Effects of Crude Extract of Poria cocos on the Tension of Jejunum and Cecum in Rabbits in vitro

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of crude extract of Poria cocos on intestinal smooth muscle contraction of rabbits in vitro and re- veal the related mechanism. [Method] With in vitro experimental method, using the tension of jejunal and cecal smooth muscle as an indicator, 3.75, 7.50, 15.00, and 22.5 g/L crude extract of P. cocos were added into Tyrede＇s solution of jejunum and cecum tissues of rabbits to observe the effects of crude extract of P. cocos on motion dynamics of jejunum and cecum of rabbits. [ Result] The addition of crude extract of P. cocos could inhibit the contraction of jejunal and cecal smooth muscle of rabbits in vitro, enhance contraction tension and relaxation tension, and reduce contraction amplitude. The effects were improved as the dose of crude extract of P. cocos increased, displaying a dose-effect relationship. [Condusion] This study provided theoretical basis for the clinical use of P. cocos.

阿尔茨海默病居家筛查专家共识

老年人痴呆或认知障碍多由一种以上年龄相关的常见脑部疾病所致。阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是其中最常见的神经变性疾病,且是全球前10位死因中唯一无法治愈或缺乏长期对症疗效的疾病,给个人、家庭和全球经济都带来了巨大的负担。早期及时发现和干预是对抗AD的最佳策略。在过去的30年中,许多研究都提出了降低痴呆风险的方法,2020年《柳叶刀》杂志的痴呆预防报告已阐明通过应对风险因素可以预防或延缓超过40%的痴呆。然而,目前全球医疗体系尚未具备早期或及时发现AD的足够能力。最近的一项研究发现,只有不到10%的轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)是在初级医疗机构中诊断出来的。近来,抗淀粉样蛋白β(Amyloid beta,Aβ)抗体药物lecanemab和donanemab被批准上市用于早期AD治疗,以及30年的随访研究证明改善风险因素显著减少AD痴呆的发病率并延长了寿命,使得人们对AD早期识别的关注迅速增加。阿尔茨海默病防治协会(China Association for Alzheimer's Disease,CAAD)认识到居家早期和及时发现AD的重要性,并成立了一个由协会成员、临床医生和研究人员组成的全球AD多领域专家团队,就以下目标达成共识:①为个人、家庭、社区、协会和组织提供专家指导意见;②介绍用于认知障碍和痴呆居家筛查的数字工具和可用资源,并为AD高危人群或疑似患者制定下一步应对策略;③讨论现有可用或将来可能的居家筛查适宜AD生物标志物;④为未来的改进和全球应用建立可行性框架。专家组对于当前可用的证据、工具和资源进行综述,并进一步考量其在AD居家筛查中的价值。

Database system for managing 20,00020-inch PMTs at JUNO

A database system,known as the large PMT characterization and instrumentation database system(LPMT-CIDS),was designed and implemented for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO).The system is based on a Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP(LAMP)server and focuses on modularization and architecture separation.It covers all the testing stages for the 20-inch photomultiplier tubes(PMTs)at JUNO and provides its users with data storage,analysis,and visualization services.Based on the successful use of the system in the 20-inch PMT testing program,its design approach and construction elements can be extended to other projects.

Reversible cardiogenic shock caused by atrioventricular junctional rhythm after percutaneous coronary intervention

An 82-year-old female patient undergoing cardiogenic shock caused by atrioventficular junctional rhythm immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is described. Pharmacotherapy was invalid, and subsequent application of atrial pacing reversed the cardiogenic shock. PCI-related injury of sinuatrial nodal artery leading to acute atrial contractility loss, accompanied by atrioventricular junctional arrhythmia, was diagnosed. We recommend that preoperative risk evaluation be required for multi-risk patients. Likewise, emergent measures should to be established in advance. This case reminds us that atrial pacing can be an optimal management technique once cardiogenic shock has occurred.

中国阿尔茨海默病早期预防指南(2024)

阿尔茨海默病是一种病因复杂的严重智力致残疾病,目前尚无有效的治疗方法。我国是世界上老年人口最多、增长最快的国家之一,也是阿尔茨海默病发病率较高的国家。因此,如何早期预防阿尔茨海默病的发生,是现今健康领域最重要的课题之一。我们在国内外相关研究的基础上,通过文献循证、干预研究实践、案例分析、经验总结和专家咨询,结合中国老年健康和社会文化特点,体现中国传统医学、武术、养生以及社区组织优势,制订出具有中国特色的阿尔茨海默病早期预防指南,涵盖了个人、家庭和社会三个层面的预防策略,从积极生活态度、社会活动参与、认知训练、体育锻炼、戒烟限酒、营养、睡眠,血压、血糖、血脂管理,体重和其他慢病管理以及中医开展针对阿尔茨海默病的一级预防。本指南仅供个人、家庭和社会开展阿尔茨海默病预防时参考。

HBP-g-PEGDGE凝胶聚合物的制备及性能

以超支化大分子-扫帚形聚合物(HBP-NH2)和线型二环氧化物封端的聚乙二醇(PEGDGE,Mn=600,1000,2000)为原料,采用溶液法制备了一类HBP-g-PEGDGE(HPD)水凝胶。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、紫外光谱和扫描电镜等方法对产物的结构进行了表征,并对其溶胀、热稳定、流变和堵水性能进行了评价。结果表明,HPD水凝胶具有三维空间立体网状结构,且孔径随着聚乙二醇相对分子质量的增大逐渐增大。对于长链PEGDGE,较低温度、酸性pH和在没有盐的情况下均可获得较高的平衡溶胀比,水凝胶在温度为10℃~60℃、pH值为2~12范围内,表现出良好的溶胀-收缩可逆性。凝胶的热稳定性较好,随着聚乙二醇相对分子质量的增大而增强;表现出典型的弹性行为,随着聚乙二醇相对分子质量的增加,储能模量和损耗模量降低;其封堵率达到99%,封堵效果良好。

Afterpulse measurement of JUNO 20‑inch PMTs

In this study,we present the large photomultiplier tube(PMT)afterpulse measurement results obtained from the Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory(JUNO)experiment.A total of 11 dynode-PMTs(R12860)from the Hamamatsu company(Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.(HPK))and 150 micro-channel plate PMTs(MCP-PMTs,GDB-6201)from the NNVT company(North Night Vision Technology Co.,Ltd.(NNVT))were tested.Subsequently,an afterpulse model was built according to the afterpulse time distribution and the probability of occurrence for these two types of PMTs.The average ratio of the total afterpulse charge with a delay between 0.5μs and 20μs to the primary pulse charge is∼5.7%(13.2%)for the tested MCPPMTs(dynode-PMTs).The JUNO experiment will deploy 20,01220-inch PMTs;this study will benefit detector simulation,event reconstruction,and data analysis regarding the JUNO experiment.

Enhancement of subgap conductance in a graphene superconductor junction by valley polarization

We theoretically study the differential conductance of a graphene/graphene superconductor junction, where the valley polarization of Dirac electrons is considered in the nonsuperconducting region. It is shown that the subgap conductance will increase monotonically with the valley-polarization strength when the chemical potential μ is near the Dirac point μ≤ 3？（？ is the superconducting gap）, whereas it will decrease monotonically when μ is far away from the Dirac point, μ≥ 5？.The former case is induced by the specular Andreev reflection while the retro-reflection accounts for the later result. Our findings may shed light on the control of conductance of a graphene superconductor junction by valley polarization.

辉铜矿化学-生物溶解机制及浸出动力学进展

辉铜矿是最具生物冶金工业利用价值的含铜矿物之一,然而,其生物浸出效率仍有较大提升空间。为了更好地揭示辉铜矿的生物浸出过程,对辉铜矿化学-生物溶解机制和浸出动力学相关研究进展进行综述。系统阐述辉铜矿的晶体结构,总结辉铜矿的化学溶解机制、电化学溶解机制和生物溶解机制,讨论辉铜矿的浸出动力学以及不同浸出参数对辉铜矿浸出的影响,总结辉铜矿生物冶金在工业应用中存在的问题。尽管如此,辉铜矿生物浸出的精细过程和浸出机制仍有待进一步研究。未来可采用同步辐射等多种新型研究方法在化学-生物多学科交叉基础上探明次生硫化铜矿的精细氧化溶解机制,为辉铜矿高效环保提铜奠定基础。

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌作用下含黄铁矿废石的生物溶解和动力学

使用生物淋洗处理黄铁矿废石,从源头上缓解其产生酸性矿山废水(AMD)的风险。生物淋洗结果显示,在嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A.ferrooxidans)的作用下,40天内可以从黄铁矿废石中去除近82%的铁和硫。动力学研究结果表明,废石中黄铁矿的去除主要受化学反应和内扩散控制。X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的结果表明,在A.ferrooxidans细菌介导下,生物源黄钾铁矾能够钝化废石中残余的黄铁矿。对渣样进行二次生物浸出,试验发现溶液pH没有明显下降,且仅有8 mg/L和160mg/L的铁从两个黄铁矿废石渣样中溶出,表明渣样的酸和铁释放能力得到削弱。

基础研究薄弱地区项目资助政策优化路径——以地区科学基金项目为例

国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目经过近35年的发展,在资助区域不断扩大的同时,地区之间科学研究水平发展的不均衡现象却愈加明显。本文根据近5~10年国家自然科学基金项目资助数据,研究地区科学基金项目资助绩效及地区间科研水平发展差异,分析我国地区科学基金项目在促进基础研究薄弱地区发展方面可能存在的问题,提出针对基础研究薄弱地区资助政策和促进我国区域均衡发展的合理优化建议。

可见光和银离子对p型和n型黄铜矿生物浸出的影响机理

研究可见光和银离子(Ag^(+))对嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出p型和n型黄铜矿(黄铜矿A和黄铜矿B)的不同影响及机理。通过霍尔效应试验、生物浸出试验、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对黄铜矿的半导体性质、生物浸出行为、表面形貌、主要物相和表面物种进行分析。实验结果表明,黄铜矿A比黄铜矿B具有更高的载流子浓度和更大的载流子迁移率,因此其溶出速率更快。生物浸出24 d后,当光照和Ag^(+)同时存在时,黄铜矿A的铜浸出率为91.05%,比黄铜矿B的铜浸出率(73.19%)高17.86%。显然,可见光和Ag^(+)对黄铜矿A生物溶解过程的促进作用强于黄铜矿B,这主要归因于黄铜矿A具有更高的载流子迁移率。此外,在光照影响下,黄铜矿表面电荷转移加快,导致Ag2S积累增多(特别是黄铜矿A),从而导致钝化层致密结构被破坏,钝化效果降低,黄铜矿溶解加速。

Unique double-layer solid electrolyte interphase formed with fluorinated ether-based electrolytes for high-voltage lithium metal batteries

Li metal batteries using high-voltage layered oxides cathodes are of particular interest due to their high energy density.However,they suffer from short lifespan and extreme safety concerns,which are attributed to the degradation of layered oxides and the decomposition of electrolyte at high voltage,as well as the high reactivity of metallic Li.The key is the development of stable electrolytes against both highvoltage cathodes and Li with the formation of robust interphase films on the surfaces.Herein,we report a highly fluorinated ether,1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methoxy]ethane(TTME),as a cosolvent,which not only functions as a diluent forming a localized high concentration electrolyte(LHCE),but also participates in the construction of the inner solvation structure.The TTME-based electrolyte is stable itself at high voltage and induces the formation of a unique double-layer solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film,which is embodied as one layer rich in crystalline structural components for enhanced mechanical strength and another amorphous layer with a higher concentration of organic components for enhanced flexibility.The Li||Cu cells display a noticeably high Coulombic efficiency of 99.28%after 300 cycles and Li symmetric cells maintain stable cycling more than 3200 h at 0.5 mA/cm^(2) and 1.0m Ah/cm^(2).In addition,lithium metal cells using LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) and Li CoO_(2) cathodes(both loadings~3.0 m Ah/cm^(2))realize capacity retentions of>85%over 240 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.4 V and 90%for 170 cycles with a charge cut-off voltage of 4.5 V,respectively.This study offers a bifunctional ether-based electrolyte solvent beneficial for high-voltage Li metal batteries.

Improved Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Tile-Nanostructure for Wireless Human Health Monitor

Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have emerged as promising candidates for integrating with flexible electronics as self-powered systems owing to their intrinsic flexibility,biocompatibility,and miniaturization.In this study,an improved flexible TENG with a tile-nanostructured MXene/polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)composite electrode(MP-TENG)is proposed for use in wireless human health monitor.The multifunctional tile-nanostructured MXene/PMMA film,which is self-assembled through vacuum filtration,exhibits good conductivity,excellent charge capacity,and high flexibility.Thus,the MXene/PMMA composite electrode can simultaneously function as a charge-generating,charge-trapping,and charge-collecting layer.Furthermore,the charge-trapping capacity of a tile nanostructure can be optimized on the basis of the PMMA concentration.At a mass fraction of 4%PMMA,the MP-TENG achieves the optimal output performance,with an output voltage of 37.8 V,an output current of 1.8μA,and transferred charge of 14.1 nC.The output power is enhanced over twofold compared with the pure MXene-based TENG.Moreover,the MP-TENG has sufficient power capacity and durability to power small electronic devices.Finally,a wireless human motion monitor based on the MP-TENG is utilized to detect physiological signals in various kinematic motions.Consequently,the proposed performance-enhanced MP-TENG proves a considerable potential for use in health monitoring,telemedicine,and self-powered systems.

免疫检查点抑制剂治疗结直肠癌患者耐药的机理及其干预治疗

免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)在黑色素瘤治疗中展现出的显著疗效,推动了其在多种实体瘤治疗中的广泛应用,目前已成为肿瘤治疗的主要手段之一,特别是在结直肠癌领域展现出巨大的潜力.然而在长期大样本的研究中发现其反应性偏低,存在原发性耐药与获得性耐药问题,严重影响治疗效果.本文拟对ICIs治疗结直肠癌患者耐药的机理及其干预治疗的研究进展作一综述,旨在为临床解决ICIs耐药问题提供新的思路.

Dietary supplementation of benzoic acid and essential oils combination enhances intestinal resilience against LPS stimulation in weaned piglets

Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Previous research has primarily focused on the reparative effects of BAO on intestinal injury,while neglecting its potential in enhancing intestinal stress resistance.Methods In this study,we investigated the pre-protective effect of BAO against LPS-induced stress using a modified experimental procedure.Piglets were pre-supplemented with BAO for 14 d,followed by a challenge with LPS or saline to collect blood and intestinal samples.Results Our findings demonstrated that BAO supplementation led to significant improvements in piglets’final weight,average daily gain,and feed intake/body gain ratio.Additionally,BAO supplementation positively influenced the composition of intestinal microbiota,increasing beneficial Actinobacteriota and Alloprevotella while reducing harmful Desulfobacterota,Prevotella and Oscillospira.Furthermore,BAO supplementation effectively mitigated oxidative disturbances and inflammatory responses induced by acute LPS challenge.This was evidenced by elevated levels of T-AOC,SOD,and GSH,as well as decreased levels of MDA,TNF-α,and IL-6 in the plasma.Moreover,piglets subjected to LPS challenge and pre-supplemented with BAO exhibited significant improvements in intestinal morphological structure and enhanced integrity,as indicated by restored expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 compared to the non-supplemented counterparts.Further analysis revealed that BAO supplementation enhanced the jejunal antioxidative capacity by increasing GSH-Px levels and decreasing MDA levels under the LPS challenge and stimulated the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Additionally,the reduction of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways activation and proinflammatory factor were also observed in the jejunal of those piglets fed with BAO.Conclusions In summary,our study demonstrates that pre-supplementation of BAO enhances the anti-stress capacity of weaned piglets by improving intestinal microbiota composition,reinforcing the intestinal barrier,and enhancing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities.These effects are closely associated with the activation of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.

Attribute Reduction of Hybrid Decision Information Systems Based on Fuzzy Conditional Information Entropy

The presence of numerous uncertainties in hybrid decision information systems(HDISs)renders attribute reduction a formidable task.Currently available attribute reduction algorithms,including those based on Pawlak attribute importance,Skowron discernibility matrix,and information entropy,struggle to effectively manages multiple uncertainties simultaneously in HDISs like the precise measurement of disparities between nominal attribute values,and attributes with fuzzy boundaries and abnormal values.In order to address the aforementioned issues,this paper delves into the study of attribute reduction withinHDISs.First of all,a novel metric based on the decision attribute is introduced to solve the problem of accurately measuring the differences between nominal attribute values.The newly introduced distance metric has been christened the supervised distance that can effectively quantify the differences between the nominal attribute values.Then,based on the newly developed metric,a novel fuzzy relationship is defined from the perspective of“feedback on parity of attribute values to attribute sets”.This new fuzzy relationship serves as a valuable tool in addressing the challenges posed by abnormal attribute values.Furthermore,leveraging the newly introduced fuzzy relationship,the fuzzy conditional information entropy is defined as a solution to the challenges posed by fuzzy attributes.It effectively quantifies the uncertainty associated with fuzzy attribute values,thereby providing a robust framework for handling fuzzy information in hybrid information systems.Finally,an algorithm for attribute reduction utilizing the fuzzy conditional information entropy is presented.The experimental results on 12 datasets show that the average reduction rate of our algorithm reaches 84.04%,and the classification accuracy is improved by 3.91%compared to the original dataset,and by an average of 11.25%compared to the other 9 state-of-the-art reduction algorithms.The comprehensive analysis of these research results clearly indicates that our algorithm is highly effective in managing the intricate uncertainties inherent in hybrid data.

Construct a 3D microsphere of HMX/B/Al/PTFE to obtain the high energy and combustion reactivity

Metal(aluminum and boron)based energetic materials have been wildly applied in various fields including aerospace,explosives and micro-devices due to their high energy density.Unfortunately,the low combustion efficiency and reactivity of metal fuels,especially boron(B),severely limit their practical applications.Herein,multi-component 3D microspheres of HMX/B/Al/PTFE(HBA)have been designed and successfully prepared by emulsion and solvent evaporation method to achieve superior energy and combustion reactivity.The reactivity and energy output of HBA are systematically measured by ignitionburning test,constant-volume explosion vessel system and bomb calorimetry.Due to the increased interfacial contact and reaction area,HBA shows higher flame propagation rate,faster pressurization rate and larger combustion heat of 29.95 cm/s,1077 kPa/s,and 6164.43 J/g,which is 1.5 times,3.5 times,and 1.03 times of the physical mixed counterpart(HBA-P).Meanwhile,HBA also shows enhanced energy output and reactivity than 3D microspheres of HMX/B/PTFE(HB)resulting from the high reactivity of Al.The reaction mechanism of 3D microspheres is comprehensively investigated through combustion emission spectral and thermal analysis(TG-DSC-MS).The superior reactivity and energy of HBA originate from the surface etching of fluorine to the inert shell(Al_(2)O_(3) and B_(2)O_(3))and the initiation effect of Al to B.This work offers a promising approach to design and prepare high-performance energetic materials for the practical applications.

Phase separation and transcriptional regulation in cancer development

Liquid-liquid phase separation,a novel biochemical phenomenon,has been increasingly studied for its medical applications.It underlies the formation of membrane-less organelles and is involved in many cellular and biological processes.During transcriptional regulation,dynamic condensates are formed through interactions between transcriptional elements,such as transcription factors,coactivators,and mediators.Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation,but the precise mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis often remain to be elucidated.Emerging evidence has linked abnormal transcriptional condensates to several diseases,especially cancer,implying that phase separation plays an important role in tumorigenesis.Condensates formed by phase separation may have an effect on gene transcription in tumors.In the present review,we focus on the correlation between phase separation and transcriptional regulation,as well as how this phenomenon contributes to cancer development.