Molecular Characterization of Banana streak virus Isolate from Musa Acuminata in China

Banana streak virus （BSV）, a member of genus Badnavirus, is a causal agent of banana streak disease throughout the world. The genetic diversity of BSVs from different regions of banana plantations has previously been investigated, but there are relatively few reports of the genetic characteristic of episomal （non-integrated） BSV genomes isolated from China. Here, the complete genome, a total of 7722bp （GenBank accession number DQ092436）, of an isolate of Banana streak virus （BSV） on cultivar Cavendish （BSAcYNV） in Yunnan, China was determined. The genome organises in the typical manner of badnaviruses. The intergenic region of genomic DNA contains a large stem-loop, which may contribute to the ribosome shift into the following open reading frames （ORFs）. The coding region of BSAcYNV consists of three overlapping ORFs, ORF 1 with a non-AUG start codon and ORF2 encoding two small proteins are individually involved in viral movement and ORF3 encodes a polyprotein. Besides the complete genome, a defective genome lacking the whole RNA leader region and a majority of ORF1 and which encompasses 6525bp was also isolated and sequenced from this BSV DNA reservoir in infected banana plants. Sequence analyses showed that BSAcYNV has closest similarity in terms of genome organization and the coding assignments with an BSV isolate from Vietnam （BSAcVNV）. The corresponding coding regions shared identities of 88% and -95% at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis also indicated BSAcYNV shared the closest geographical evolutionary relationship to BSAcVNV among sequenced banana streak badnaviruses.

High-Fidelity Manipulation of the Quantized Motion of a Single Atom via Stern-Gerlach Splitting

We demonstrate high-fidelity manipulation of the quantized motion of a single87Rb atom in an optical tweezer via microwave couplings induced by Stern–Gerlach splitting. The Stern–Gerlach splitting is mediated by polarization gradient of a strongly focused tweezer beam that functions as fictitious magnetic field gradient. The spatial splitting removes the orthogonality of the atomic spatial wavefunctions, thus enables the microwave couplings between the motional states. We obtain coherent Rabi oscillations for up to third-order sideband transitions, in which a high fidelity of larger than 0.99 is obtained for the spin-flip transition on the first order sideband after subtraction of the state preparation and detection error. The Stern–Gerlach splitting is measured at a precision of better than 0.05 nm. This work paves the way for quantum engineering of motional states of single atoms, and may have wide applications in few body physics and ultracold chemistry.

Challenges and progresses of energy storage technology and its application in power systems

As a flexible power source,energy storage has many potential applications in renewable energy generation grid integration,power transmission and distribution,distributed generation,micro grid and ancillary services such as frequency regulation,etc.In this paper,the latest energy storage technology profile is analyzed and summarized,in terms of technology maturity,efficiency,scale,lifespan,cost and applications,taking into consideration their impact on the whole power system,including generation,transmission,distribution and utilization.The application scenarios of energy storage technologies are reviewed and investigated,and global and Chinese potential markets for energy storage applications are described.The challenges of large-scale energy storage application in power systems are presented from the aspect of technical and economic considerations.Meanwhile the development prospect of global energy storage market is forecasted,and application prospect of energy storage is analyzed.

Cleavage of the Babuvirus Movement Protein B4 into Functional Peptides Capable of Host Factor Conjugation is Required for Virulence

Banana bunchy top virus(BBTV)poses a serious danger to banana crops worldwide.BBTV-encoded protein B4 is a determinant of pathogenicity.However,the relevant molecular mechanisms underlying its effects remain unknown.In this study,we found that a functional peptide could be liberated from protein B4,likely via proteolytic processing.Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the functional processing of protein B4 is required for its pathogenic effects,including dwarfism and sterility,in plants.The released protein fragment targets host proteins,such as the large subunit of RuBisCO(RbcL)and elongation factor 2(EF2),involved in protein synthesis.Therefore,the peptide released from B4(also a precursor)may act as a non-canonical modifier to influence host-pathogen interactions involving BBTV and plants.

Rumor recognition behavior of social media users in emergencies

Social media rumors not only affect the health of online social networks,but also reduce the quality of information accessed by its users.In the case of emergencies,the rapid spread of rumors often triggers mass anxiety and panic.This study integrates the planned behavior(TPB)and deterrence(TD)theories to study the factors affecting the rumor recognition behavior of social media users.The structural equation model(SEM)method is used to test the proposed model.Further,the interaction between various factors is analyzed to evaluate their impact on the rumor recognition behavior exhibited by social media users in emergencies.The results demonstrate that certainty and severity have significant positive effects on subjective norms.In addition,subjective norms,attitude,and perceived behavioral control all affect the rumor recognition behavior of social media users,and involvement negatively moderates the relationship between the subjective norms and attitude.Finally,insights into the formulation of rumor control strategies during emergencies are presented based on the empirical analysis.