Encoding candlesticks as images for pattern classification using convolutional neural networks

Candlestick charts display the high,low,opening,and closing prices in a specific period.Candlestick patterns emerge because human actions and reactions are patterned and continuously replicate.These patterns capture information on the candles.According to Thomas Bulkowski’s Encyclopedia of Candlestick Charts,there are 103 candlestick patterns.Traders use these patterns to determine when to enter and exit.Candlestick pattern classification approaches take the hard work out of visually identifying these patterns.To highlight its capabilities,we propose a two-steps approach to recognize candlestick patterns automatically.The first step uses the Gramian Angular Field(GAF)to encode the time series as different types of images.The second step uses the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)with the GAF images to learn eight critical kinds of candlestick patterns.In this paper,we call the approach GAF-CNN.In the experiments,our approach can identify the eight types of candlestick patterns with 90.7%average accuracy automatically in real-world data,outperforming the LSTM model.

Effects of the Nocth signaling pathway on expression of inflammatory factors and transforming growth factors in diabetic foot ulcers

Objective:persistent hyperinflammation is an important reason for the development of diabetic foot ulcer.Notch signaling is an important signaling pathway involved in the inflammatory response and cell proliferation in diabetic foot ulcer rats.This paper aims to explore the effect of Notch signaling on inflammatory factors,chemokines and growth factors through the intervention of Notch signaling in diabetic foot ulcer rats.Methods:the experimental model was made by using high-fat feed combined with streptozotocin(STZ)to cause diabetes,and the experimental model of diabetic foot ulcer was established by constant temperature and constant pressure scald apparatus.The normal ulcer model was used as a control.The intervention controls of the experimental model included normal saline,western medicine growth factor,Notch agonist Jagged1,Notch signaling inhibitor ly-411575,and the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine Zizhu ointment for 7 days.Serum il-1,il-6,TNF-radiation,and il-17 were detected by ELISA.Real-time PCR was used to detect the inflammatory factors,chemokines,and growth factors associated with Notch signaling in wound tissues:tnf-uum,il-1,il-6,il-17,interleukin-8,ip-10,McP-1,TGF-uum,TGF-livelihood.Results:serum levels of il-1,il-6,TNF-radiation and il-17 in diabetic foot ulcer rats were significantly higher than that in normal ulcer rats.The contents of il-1,il-6,TNF-radiation and il-17a in ly-411575 group and Zizhu ointment group were significantly reduced.Real-time PCR results of wound tissue showed that the levels of inflammatory cytokines il-1,il-6,TNF-radiation,il-17 and chemokines ip-10,il-8 and McP-1 in the wound tissue of diabetic foot ulcer rat model were significantly higher than that of normal ulcer model,and the levels of growth factor TGF-exposure were lower than that of normal ulcer model.LY-411575 significantly reduced il-1,il-6,TNF-maxima,il-17,and the chemokines ip-10,il-8,and McP-1 in diabetic foot ulcer rats,and reduced the expression of TGF-,TGF-earth.Jagged1 can increase the expression of TGF--,TGF---,suggesting that inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway can reduce the expression of the inflammatory factors il-1,il-6,TNF--,il-17a,il-8,and the growth factors TGF--,TGF---.Zizhu ointment can reduce the levels of il-1,il-6,TNF-benand,il-17,and the chemokines ip-10,il-8,and McP-1 on the wound surface of diabetic foot rats,and improve the expression of TGF-benand TGF-SUNS.Ly-411575 inhibited the expression of TGF-bento and TGF-promoting of Zizhu ointment.Conclusion:the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was higher and the expression of growth factors was lower in diabetic foot ulcer rats than in normal ulcer rats.Inhibition of Notch signaling pathway can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors,chemokines and growth factors in experimental model rats,and Notch signaling pathway can promote inflammation and cell proliferation.Zizhu ointment can reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in diabetic foot ulcer rats,improve the expression of growth factors,and reduce wound inflammation,which may be related to the inhibition of Nocth signal expression.

Enhanced recovery after surgery in transurethral surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)measures have not been systematically applied in transurethral surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).This study was performed on patients with BPH who required surgical intervention.From July 2019 to June 2020,the ERAS program was applied to 248 patients,and the conventional program was applied to 238 patients.After 1 year of follow-up,the differences between the ERAS group and the conventional group were evaluated.The ERAS group had a shorter time of urinary catheterization compared with the conventional group(mean±standard deviation[s.d.]:1.0±0.4 days vs 2.7±0.8 days,P<0.01),and the pain(mean±s.d.)was significantly reduced through postoperative hospitalization days(PODs)0-2(POD 0:1.7±0.8 vs 2.4±1.0,P<0.01;POD 1:1.6±0.9 vs 3.5±1.3,P<0.01;POD 2:1.2±0.7 vs 3.0±1.3,P<0.01).No statistically significant difference was found in the rate of postoperative complications,such as postoperative bleeding(P=0.79),urinary retention(P=0.40),fever(P=0.55),and readmission(P=0.71).The hospitalization cost of the ERAS group was similar to that of the conventional group(mean±s.d.:16927.8±5808.1 Chinese Yuan[CNY]vs 17044.1±5830.7 CNY,P=0.85).The International Prostate Symptom Scores(IPSS)and quality of life(QoL)scores in the two groups were also similar when compared at 1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months after discharge.The ERAS program we conducted was safe,repeatable,and efficient.In conclusion,patients undergoing the ERAS program experienced less postoperative stress than those undergoing the conventional program.