Application value of biofluid-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury

Recent studies in patients with spinal cord injuries(SCIs)have confirmed the diagnostic potential of biofluid-based biomarkers,as a topic of increasing interest in relation to SCI diagnosis and treatment.This paper reviews the research progress and application prospects of recently identified SCI-related biomarkers.Many structural proteins,such as glial fibrillary acidic protein,S100-β,ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1,neurofilament light,and tau protein were correlated with the diagnosis,American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale,and prognosis of SCI to different degrees.Inflammatory factors,including interleukin-6,interleukin-8,and tumor necrosis factorα,are also good biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute and chronic SCI,while non-coding RNAs(micro RNAs and long non-coding RNAs)also show diagnostic potential for SCI.Trace elements(Mg,Se,Cu,Zn)have been shown to be related to motor recovery and can predict motor function after SCI,while humoral markers can reflect the pathophysiological changes after SCI.These factors have the advantages of low cost,convenient sampling,and ease of dynamic tracking,but are also associated with disadvantages,including diverse influencing factors and complex level changes.Although various proteins have been verified as potential biomarkers for SCI,more convincing evidence from large clinical and prospective studies is thus required to identify the most valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for SCI.

Clinical observation of Shengxuebao Mixture in treating anemia after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of the Shengxuebao Mixture in treating anemia after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer.Methods:The patients who met the criteria were randomly divided into the study group(n=30)and the control group(n=30).The study group was treated with Shengxuebao Mixture(15 ml once,three times a day)for 30 days,and the control group was treated with ferrous succinate tablets(0.1 g,twice a day),folic acid tablets(5 mg,three times a day),and vitamin B12 tablets(25μg,once a day)for 30 days.Observed the hemoglobin level,erythropoietin level,TCM syndrome score,karnofsky performance status score before and after treatment in the two groups,compared the relevant data and clinical efficacy between the two groups and observed the adverse drug reactions at the same time.Results:The age,pathological type,stage,baseline hemoglobin level,erythropoietin level,TCM syndrome score,and karnofsky performance status score were comparable between the two groups(P>0.05).The hemoglobin level of the two groups after treatment was higher than before treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,the hemoglobin level in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the number of effective cases in the study group was more than that in the control group,and the effective rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The erythropoietin level of the two groups after treatment was lower than before treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,the erythropoietin level in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The TCM syndrome score of the study group decreased significantly after treatment(P<0.05),but there was no significant change in the control group(P>0.05).After treatment,the TCM syndrome score of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the number of effective cases in the study group was more than that in the control group,and the effective rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant change in the karnofsky performance status score of the study group after treatment(P>0.05),but the karnofsky performance status score of the control group decreased significantly(P<0.05).After treatment,the karnofsky performance status score of the study group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the number of effective cases in the study group was more than that of the control group,and the effective rate was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).And there were no obvious adverse reactions in this study.Conclusion:To some extent,this study showed that the Shengxuebao Mixture has a definite effect in treating anemia after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer,can promote the use of erythropoietin,improve TCM syndromes and stabilize the quality of life of patients.

Bioinformatics analysis of ferroptosis in spinal cord injury

Ferroptosis plays a key role in aggravating the progression of spinal cord injury(SCI),but the specific mechanism remains unknown.In this study,we constructed a rat model of T10 SCI using a modified Allen method.We identified 48,44,and 27 ferroptosis genes that were differentially expressed at 1,3,and 7 days after SCI induction.Compared with the sham group and other SCI subgroups,the subgroup at 1 day after SCI showed increased expression of the ferroptosis marker acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde in the injured spinal cord while glutathione in the injured spinal cord was lower.These findings with our bioinformatics results suggested that 1 day after SCI was the important period of ferroptosis progression.Bioinformatics analysis identified the following top ten hub ferroptosis genes in the subgroup at 1 day after SCI:STAT3,JUN,TLR4,ATF3,HMOX1,MAPK1,MAPK9,PTGS2,VEGFA,and RELA.Real-time polymerase chain reaction on rat spinal cord tissue confirmed that STAT3,JUN,TLR4,ATF3,HMOX1,PTGS2,and RELA mRNA levels were up-regulated and VEGFA,MAPK1 and MAPK9 mRNA levels were down-regulated.Ten potential compounds were predicted using the DSigDB database as potential drugs or molecules targeting ferroptosis to repair SCI.We also constructed a ferroptosis-related mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network in SCI that included 66 lncRNAs,10 miRNAs,and 12 genes.Our results help further the understanding of the mechanism underlying ferroptosis in SCI.

Progress research on non-drug therapy in cancer-related fatigue

Cancer-related fatigue is the most prevalent and persistently symptom in cancer survivors than any other symptom,which is caused by both the disease and its treatment.Patients with cancer show a severe symptom of fatigue,which cannot be relieved by general rest or sleep.Cancer-related fatigue negatively impacts a patient's physical and emotional function,social ability and even patients’prognosis.At present,the mechanism of cancer-related fatigue remain unclear despite much research,and a variety of mechanisms may contribute to its occurrence and development,including inflammatory reaction,metabolism dysregulation,immune activation,hormonal changes,central nervous system dysfunction,etc.Now a broad variety of drugs and non-drugs interventions are used against cancer-related fatigue.The intervention of conventional western medicine mainly contains hematopoietic stimulants,hormones,mental stimulants,and antidepressants,but their widely clinical application is limited by their effectiveness and possible side effects to a certain degree.There are also many forms of non-drug interventions for managing cancer-related fatigue,such as exercise intervention,psychological intervention,sleep intervention,nutrition intervention,bright white light therapy,etc.The aim of this review is to provide recommendations of non-drug interventions for patients with CRF during and after cancer treatment,in order to provide an evidence-based guideline for clinicians.

Progress of studies on cancer-related anemia in Chinese and Western medicine

Cancer-related anemia is a common complication in patients with a malignant tumor caused by the tumor itself or the tumor's treatment.It can seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even accelerate the progression of the tumor.Western medicine is often given a blood transfusion,erythropoietin,and iron agent in cancer-related anemia treatment,but there are also some problems such as increasing tumor-related mortality.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that cancer-related anemia's occurrence is related to the“Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney and Deficiency of Qi and Blood”,so clinical treatment is mainly to“Tonify Spleen and Kidney and Qi and Blood”.The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine is useful in cancer-related anemia's treatment,which provides a new idea and method for cancer-related anemia's clinical treatment.