DEAR EDITOR,A blind fish of Sinocyclocheilus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)was caught in open water in the Three Gorges (Sanxia)reservoir, at a depth of 20 m in the mainstream of YangtzeRiver in Zigui County, Hubei Provi...DEAR EDITOR,A blind fish of Sinocyclocheilus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)was caught in open water in the Three Gorges (Sanxia)reservoir, at a depth of 20 m in the mainstream of YangtzeRiver in Zigui County, Hubei Province, China. This fish can beeasily distinguished from all other congeners by externalmorphological characteristics, and is estimated to havediverged from its sister group about 0.55 million years ago(Ma). The geologically well separated locality of this specieshas expanded the distribution of Sinocyclocheilus cavefishfrom around N25°(latitude) to above N30°. Herein, wedescribe this new species as Sinocyclocheilus sanxiaensis sp.nov., and discuss the possible reasons why the speciesappears, surprisingly, in the Three Gorges reservoir.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,High mountainous terrains facilitate the diversification of biota by providing a variety of opportunities for isolation(Favre et al.,2015).Within the Nemacheilidae family of loaches,the highly diverse Nema...DEAR EDITOR,High mountainous terrains facilitate the diversification of biota by providing a variety of opportunities for isolation(Favre et al.,2015).Within the Nemacheilidae family of loaches,the highly diverse Nemacheilini tribe is a polyphyletic group,with extensive distribution across the Indian and Eurasian plates(Chen et al.,2019;Sgouros et al.,2019).展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,Cavefish are of considerable interest due to the remarkable morphological changes that occurred during their adaptation to cave or subterranean river habitats.These changes are thought to involve trade-off...DEAR EDITOR,Cavefish are of considerable interest due to the remarkable morphological changes that occurred during their adaptation to cave or subterranean river habitats.These changes are thought to involve trade-offs in metabolic requirements and energy utilization.Mitochondria play a vital role in oxygen use and energy metabolism;thus,mitochondrial genes are likely to have experienced specific selective pressures during cavefish evolution.In this study,we assembled and annotated the mitogenome of Sinocyclocheilus sanxiaensis,a typical cavefish species in China.Using this sequence and other available mitogenomes from the NCBI database,we reconstructed an updated phylogeny of Sinocyclocheilus based on 29 species.Five species groups were revealed,with the recently erected S.microphthalmus species group supported.To determine whether divergent selective pressures have acted on the protein-coding genes(PCGs)of the 29 Sinocyclocheilus species exhibiting different morphological features(including eye shape and body color),the fish were classified into three groups according to their cave-related traits.The branch model test revealed higher nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratios(ω)in the cave-dwelling groups,potentially resulting from a balance between adaptive selection and relaxed functional constraints.Sophisticated analysis using site and branch-site models identified 24 highly credible positive selection sites located on nine PCGs,with most sites also showing radical changes in amino acid properties.This study sheds light on the phylogeny and mitogenomic evolution of Sinocyclocheilus cavefish,highlighting their successful adaptation and survival in subterranean environments.展开更多
The karst habitats of Southwest China contain the richest cavefish fauna in the world.However,many Chinese cavefish species are now at high risk of extinction.Chinese cavefish have evolved unusual traits,which are imp...The karst habitats of Southwest China contain the richest cavefish fauna in the world.However,many Chinese cavefish species are now at high risk of extinction.Chinese cavefish have evolved unusual traits,which are important for studying adaptive evolution and modeling human diseases.Here,we call on scientific research institutions to develop programs to conserve precious cavefish species and suggest international cooperation to promote research on cavefish in China.展开更多
The loach tribe Yunnanilini from China is reviewed here using morphological characters and complete mitochondrial genomes of select species.Molecular data suggest that the tribe Yunnanilini is not monophyletic and can...The loach tribe Yunnanilini from China is reviewed here using morphological characters and complete mitochondrial genomes of select species.Molecular data suggest that the tribe Yunnanilini is not monophyletic and can be divided into three clades.Species of the Yunnanilus nigromaculatus group form an independent genus and are placed in Eonemachilus.In the phylogenetic tree,Y.jinxiensis clusters with Paranemachilus genilepis,and Y.pulcherrimus clusters with Micronemacheilus cruciatus,indicating that Y.jinxiensis and Y.pulcherrimus belong to Paranemachilus and Micronemacheilus,respectively.Based on while Y.jinxiensis and Y.pulcherrimus,are placed in Paranemachilus and Micronemacheilus,respectively.Yunnanilus niulanensis and Y.qujinensis are treated as junior synonyms of Eonemachilus caohaiensis.Eonemachilus,Micronemacheilus,and Yunnanilus are show short separation between anterior and posterior nostrils.The genera can be distinguished from each other by mouth structure,lateral line and cephalic lateral-line canals,and papillae on median part of both lips.The anterior and posterior nostrils of Heminoemacheilus and Paranemachilus are closely set.Paranemachilus and Micronemacheilus are distinguished by cheeks covered with scales and lips with papillae,respectively.Our phylogenetic tree and morphological characters support Traccatichthys as a valid genus,which can be distinguished from Micronemacheilus by anterior and posterior nostrils closely set(vs.clearly separated).Four species are placed in Traccatichthys.展开更多
Viviparidae are widely distributed around the globe, but there are considerable gaps in the taxonomic record. To date, 18 species of the viviparid genus Cipangopaludina have been recorded in China, but there is substa...Viviparidae are widely distributed around the globe, but there are considerable gaps in the taxonomic record. To date, 18 species of the viviparid genus Cipangopaludina have been recorded in China, but there is substantial disagreement on the validity of this taxonomy. In this study, we described the shell and internal traits of these species to better discuss the validity of related species. We found that C. ampulliformis is synonym of C. lecythis, and C. wingatei is synonym of C. chinensis, while C. ampullacea and C. fluminalis are subspecies of C. lecythis and C. chinensis, respectively. C. dianchiensis should be paled in the genus Margarya, while C. menglaensis and C. yunnanensis belong to genus Mekongia. Totally, this leaves 11 species and 2 subspecies recorded in China. Based on whether these specimens' spiral whorl depth was longer than aperture depth, these species or subspecies can be further divided into two groups, viz. chinensis group and cathayensis group, which can be determined from one another via the ratio of spiral depth and aperture depth, vas deferens and number of secondary branches of vas deferens. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis indicated that body whorl depth, shell width, aperture width and aperture length were main variables during species of Cipangopaludina. A key to all valid Chinese Cipangopaludina species were given.展开更多
Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China. Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head, which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substan...Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China. Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head, which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence. We used noninvasive, high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional(3D) morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus, one of eight such troglobiotic species. 3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components,which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone, a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae, and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic. A horn cavity occurred within the horn. The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling, and were, connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue. We tentatively called this configuration the "otocornual connection" due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids, which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals. This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish, and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life, which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S. hyalinus become available.展开更多
Intermuscular bones(IBs)are slender linear bones embedded in muscle,which ossify from tendons through a process of intramembranous ossification,and only exist in basal teleosts.IBs are essential for fish swimming,but ...Intermuscular bones(IBs)are slender linear bones embedded in muscle,which ossify from tendons through a process of intramembranous ossification,and only exist in basal teleosts.IBs are essential for fish swimming,but they present a choking risk during human consumption,especially in children,which can lead to commercial risks that have a negative impact on the aquaculture of these fish.In this review,we discuss the morphogenesis and functions of IBs,including their underlying molecular mechanisms,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different methods for IB studies and techniques for breeding and generating IB-free fish lines.This review reveals that the many key genes involved in tendon development,osteoblast differentiation,and bone formation,e.g.,scxa,msxC,sost,twist,bmps,and osterix,also play roles in IB development.Thus,this paper provides useful information for the breeding of new fish strains without IBs via genome editing and artificial selection.展开更多
Garra imberba is widely distributed in China. At the moment, both Garra yiliangensis and G. hainanensis are treated as valid species, but they were initially named as a subspecies of G. pingi, a junior synonym of G. i...Garra imberba is widely distributed in China. At the moment, both Garra yiliangensis and G. hainanensis are treated as valid species, but they were initially named as a subspecies of G. pingi, a junior synonym of G. imberba. Garra alticorpora and G. nujiangensis also have similar morphological characters to G. imberba, but the taxonomic statuses and phylogenetic relationships of these species with G. imberba remains uncertain. In this study, 128 samples from the Jinshajiang, Red, Nanpanjiang, Lancangjiang, Nujiang Rivers as well as Hainan Island were measured while 1 mitochondrial gene and 1 nuclear intron of 24 samples were sequenced to explore the phylogenetic relationship of these five species. The results showed that G. hainanensis, G. yiliangensis, G. alticorpora and G. imberba are the same species with G. imberba being the valid species name, while G. nujiangensis is a valid species in and of itself.展开更多
The effects of osmotic pressure, temperature and stocking density on medusae survival of Craspedacusta sowerbii were examined. The medusae were shown to be sensitive to the variations of osmotic pressure. And the surv...The effects of osmotic pressure, temperature and stocking density on medusae survival of Craspedacusta sowerbii were examined. The medusae were shown to be sensitive to the variations of osmotic pressure. And the survival time was <90 h at 34 m Osm/L and it declined rapidly with rising osmotic pressure. The peak survival time of >200 h was recorded at 0.2 m Osm/L. Comparing with 27 °C and 32 °C treatments, 23 °C treatment yielded lower activities at a range of 8-13/min. However, there was a longer survival time. A non-linear relationship existed between survival time and stocking density. Lower density resulted in larger body size. And sexual reproduction resumed after breeding for >22 days. Newly-formed polyps and medusae appeared subsequently but only in the higher-density groups of 10, 14 and 18 ind./L. It suggested that the number of newly-formed polyps and medusae was highly dependent on stocking density. That is, a higher stocking density produced more organisms. However, newly-formed medusae died within one month and none grew a diameter of >5 mm.展开更多
Biological invasion is a pervasive negative force of global change, especially in its effects on sensitive freshwater ecosystems. Even protected areas are usually not immune. Ptychobarbus chungtienensis is a threatene...Biological invasion is a pervasive negative force of global change, especially in its effects on sensitive freshwater ecosystems. Even protected areas are usually not immune. Ptychobarbus chungtienensis is a threatened freshwater fish now almost confined to Bita Lake, in the Shangri-La region of Yunnan province, China. Its existence is threatened by the introduction of non-native weatherfishes(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Paramisgurnus dabryanus) by an unusual method known as ‘prayer animal release'. Periodic surveys revealed the ratio of invasive weatherfishes to P. chungtienensis has been increasing since the former species was first recorded from the lake in August, 2009. Ptychobarbus chungtienensis shows low genetic diversity in the relict Lake Bita population. Weatherfishes, however, have highly successful survival strategies. The degree of dietary overlap between the species is alarming and perhaps critical if food is found to be a limiting factor.展开更多
Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China.Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head,which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substanti...Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China.Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head,which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence.We used non-invasive,high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional(3D)morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus,one of eight such troglobiotic species.3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components,which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone,a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae,and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic.A horn cavity occurred within the horn.The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling,and were,connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue.We tentatively called this configuration the“otocornual connection”due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids,which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals.This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish,and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life,which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S.hyalinus become available.展开更多
The systematics of Semisulcospiridae in China is revised here based on morphological characters and mitochondrial phylogenetics. Phylogenetic relationships within the Chinese semisulcospirids were assessed via DNA seq...The systematics of Semisulcospiridae in China is revised here based on morphological characters and mitochondrial phylogenetics. Phylogenetic relationships within the Chinese semisulcospirids were assessed via DNA sequences from mitochondrial analysis (cytochrome c oxidase I and 16S rRNA). This research contains most morphospecies of semisulcospirids previously recorded in China. Based on these results, the family of Chinese Semisulcospiridae is represented by three genera: i.e., viviparous Semisulcospira B?ttger, 1886, oviparous Hua Chen, 1943 and Koreoleptoxis Burch and Jung, 1988. These genera can be distinguished from each other by reproductive anatomy, reproductive mode, and radula features. Species of Hua are mainly distributed in southwest China and Guangxi, whereas Koreoleptoxis and Semisulcospira are mainly distributed in south and northeast China.展开更多
The Dianchi golden-line barbel,Sinocyclocheilus grahami(Regan,1904),is one of the“Four Famous Fishes”of Yunnan Province,China.Given its economic value,this species has been artificially bred successfully since 2007,...The Dianchi golden-line barbel,Sinocyclocheilus grahami(Regan,1904),is one of the“Four Famous Fishes”of Yunnan Province,China.Given its economic value,this species has been artificially bred successfully since 2007,with a nationally selected breed(“S.grahami,Bayou No.1”)certified in 2018.For the future utilization of this species,its growth rate,disease resistance,and wild adaptability need to be improved,which could be achieved with the help of molecular markerassisted selection(MAS).In the current study,we constructed the first chromosome-level genome of S.grahami,assembled 48 pseudo-chromosomes,and obtained a genome size of 1.49 Gb.We also performed QTL-seq analysis of S.grahami using the highest and lowest bulks(i.e.,largest and smallest size)in both a sibling and random population.We screened two quantitative trait loci(QTLs)(Chr3,14.9-39.1 Mb and Chr17,4.1-27.4 Mb)as major growth-related locations.Several candidate genes(e.g.,map2k5,stat1,phf21a,sox6,and smad6)were also identified,with functions related to growth,such as cell differentiation,neuronal development,skeletal muscle development,chondrogenesis,and immunity.These results built a solid foundation for in-depth MAS studies on the growth traits of S.grahami.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,The restocking of the endangered Kanglang white minnow(Anabarilius grahami)in Lake Fuxian,China,has been conducted for 13 years.However,few studies have reported on the effectiveness of the captive breedin...DEAR EDITOR,The restocking of the endangered Kanglang white minnow(Anabarilius grahami)in Lake Fuxian,China,has been conducted for 13 years.However,few studies have reported on the effectiveness of the captive breeding and release of this species.展开更多
The origin and colonization history of Kurixalus,a genus of small arboreal tree frogs breeding exclusively in shallow swamps,is under disputed.On the basis of comprehensive sampling program,the evolutionary history of...The origin and colonization history of Kurixalus,a genus of small arboreal tree frogs breeding exclusively in shallow swamps,is under disputed.On the basis of comprehensive sampling program,the evolutionary history of Kurixalus is investigated based on 3 mitochondrial genes.Our results indicate that the genus Kurixalus originated in the Asian mainland and subsequently arrived at its current distribution in Borneo,Taiwan,Ryukyu,and Hainan islands by a series of dispersal events.Moreover,the colonization of Taiwan from mainland Asia has occurred 2 times.The initial colonization of Taiwan occurred at 3.46-8.68 Mya(95%highest posterior density),which rejects the hypothesis that Kurixalus probably originated from Taiwan during the early Oligocene and favors the model of Neogene-origin rather than the model of Quaternary-origin for Taiwan Residents Kurixalus.Kurixalus eiffingeri has dispersed from Taiwan to the Ryukyus once or 2 times pending more data.Both transoceanic dispersal and landbridge dispersal have played a role in the colonization process;the former resulted in the colonization of Taiwan and the Ryukyus and the latter led to the colonizati on of Bor neo and Hain an.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672282 U1702233)+2 种基金Species Resources Protection Project(Fishery,171821301354052150)Agricultural Basic Long-term Observation and Monitoring Project(ZX08S182057)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to W.S.J
文摘DEAR EDITOR,A blind fish of Sinocyclocheilus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)was caught in open water in the Three Gorges (Sanxia)reservoir, at a depth of 20 m in the mainstream of YangtzeRiver in Zigui County, Hubei Province, China. This fish can beeasily distinguished from all other congeners by externalmorphological characteristics, and is estimated to havediverged from its sister group about 0.55 million years ago(Ma). The geologically well separated locality of this specieshas expanded the distribution of Sinocyclocheilus cavefishfrom around N25°(latitude) to above N30°. Herein, wedescribe this new species as Sinocyclocheilus sanxiaensis sp.nov., and discuss the possible reasons why the speciesappears, surprisingly, in the Three Gorges reservoir.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872202,31401956,31272275)Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y4ZK111B01)。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,High mountainous terrains facilitate the diversification of biota by providing a variety of opportunities for isolation(Favre et al.,2015).Within the Nemacheilidae family of loaches,the highly diverse Nemacheilini tribe is a polyphyletic group,with extensive distribution across the Indian and Eurasian plates(Chen et al.,2019;Sgouros et al.,2019).
基金supported by the Key R&D Project of Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Department(2020BBB076)Talent Project of Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2020RC3057)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060128)。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,Cavefish are of considerable interest due to the remarkable morphological changes that occurred during their adaptation to cave or subterranean river habitats.These changes are thought to involve trade-offs in metabolic requirements and energy utilization.Mitochondria play a vital role in oxygen use and energy metabolism;thus,mitochondrial genes are likely to have experienced specific selective pressures during cavefish evolution.In this study,we assembled and annotated the mitogenome of Sinocyclocheilus sanxiaensis,a typical cavefish species in China.Using this sequence and other available mitogenomes from the NCBI database,we reconstructed an updated phylogeny of Sinocyclocheilus based on 29 species.Five species groups were revealed,with the recently erected S.microphthalmus species group supported.To determine whether divergent selective pressures have acted on the protein-coding genes(PCGs)of the 29 Sinocyclocheilus species exhibiting different morphological features(including eye shape and body color),the fish were classified into three groups according to their cave-related traits.The branch model test revealed higher nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratios(ω)in the cave-dwelling groups,potentially resulting from a balance between adaptive selection and relaxed functional constraints.Sophisticated analysis using site and branch-site models identified 24 highly credible positive selection sites located on nine PCGs,with most sites also showing radical changes in amino acid properties.This study sheds light on the phylogeny and mitogenomic evolution of Sinocyclocheilus cavefish,highlighting their successful adaptation and survival in subterranean environments.
基金Foundation items:This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB17 to L.M.)Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(2019HJ2096001006 to J.X.Y.)Frontier Interdiscipline Project of Tsinghua University(20221080082 to M.Z.X.)。
文摘The karst habitats of Southwest China contain the richest cavefish fauna in the world.However,many Chinese cavefish species are now at high risk of extinction.Chinese cavefish have evolved unusual traits,which are important for studying adaptive evolution and modeling human diseases.Here,we call on scientific research institutions to develop programs to conserve precious cavefish species and suggest international cooperation to promote research on cavefish in China.
基金This study was supported by the Middle-Aged and Young Teachers’Basic Ability Promotion Project of Guangxi,China(2020KY02026)Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Guangxi Normal University)+7 种基金Ministry of Education(ERESEP2020Z22)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology,Guangxi Normal University(19A0104)Special Funds for Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZSBR-011)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872202,NSFC 31860600,U1702233,31800454)Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y4ZK111B01)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2017GXNSFFA198010)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department Foundation(202003AD150017,2019BC002)Sino BON-Inland Water Fish Diversity Observation Network。
文摘The loach tribe Yunnanilini from China is reviewed here using morphological characters and complete mitochondrial genomes of select species.Molecular data suggest that the tribe Yunnanilini is not monophyletic and can be divided into three clades.Species of the Yunnanilus nigromaculatus group form an independent genus and are placed in Eonemachilus.In the phylogenetic tree,Y.jinxiensis clusters with Paranemachilus genilepis,and Y.pulcherrimus clusters with Micronemacheilus cruciatus,indicating that Y.jinxiensis and Y.pulcherrimus belong to Paranemachilus and Micronemacheilus,respectively.Based on while Y.jinxiensis and Y.pulcherrimus,are placed in Paranemachilus and Micronemacheilus,respectively.Yunnanilus niulanensis and Y.qujinensis are treated as junior synonyms of Eonemachilus caohaiensis.Eonemachilus,Micronemacheilus,and Yunnanilus are show short separation between anterior and posterior nostrils.The genera can be distinguished from each other by mouth structure,lateral line and cephalic lateral-line canals,and papillae on median part of both lips.The anterior and posterior nostrils of Heminoemacheilus and Paranemachilus are closely set.Paranemachilus and Micronemacheilus are distinguished by cheeks covered with scales and lips with papillae,respectively.Our phylogenetic tree and morphological characters support Traccatichthys as a valid genus,which can be distinguished from Micronemacheilus by anterior and posterior nostrils closely set(vs.clearly separated).Four species are placed in Traccatichthys.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301865)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LY12C19006)the Collection and Preparation of Display Specimens at Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology(KSZD–EW–TZ–005)
文摘Viviparidae are widely distributed around the globe, but there are considerable gaps in the taxonomic record. To date, 18 species of the viviparid genus Cipangopaludina have been recorded in China, but there is substantial disagreement on the validity of this taxonomy. In this study, we described the shell and internal traits of these species to better discuss the validity of related species. We found that C. ampulliformis is synonym of C. lecythis, and C. wingatei is synonym of C. chinensis, while C. ampullacea and C. fluminalis are subspecies of C. lecythis and C. chinensis, respectively. C. dianchiensis should be paled in the genus Margarya, while C. menglaensis and C. yunnanensis belong to genus Mekongia. Totally, this leaves 11 species and 2 subspecies recorded in China. Based on whether these specimens' spiral whorl depth was longer than aperture depth, these species or subspecies can be further divided into two groups, viz. chinensis group and cathayensis group, which can be determined from one another via the ratio of spiral depth and aperture depth, vas deferens and number of secondary branches of vas deferens. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis indicated that body whorl depth, shell width, aperture width and aperture length were main variables during species of Cipangopaludina. A key to all valid Chinese Cipangopaludina species were given.
基金supported by the fund of State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution(GREKF13-06)
文摘Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China. Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head, which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence. We used noninvasive, high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional(3D) morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus, one of eight such troglobiotic species. 3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components,which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone, a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae, and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic. A horn cavity occurred within the horn. The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling, and were, connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue. We tentatively called this configuration the "otocornual connection" due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids, which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals. This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish, and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life, which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S. hyalinus become available.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1702233 and U1902202)Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24030505 and XDA23080502)Program of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(202003AD150017 and 2018FY001-007)。
文摘Intermuscular bones(IBs)are slender linear bones embedded in muscle,which ossify from tendons through a process of intramembranous ossification,and only exist in basal teleosts.IBs are essential for fish swimming,but they present a choking risk during human consumption,especially in children,which can lead to commercial risks that have a negative impact on the aquaculture of these fish.In this review,we discuss the morphogenesis and functions of IBs,including their underlying molecular mechanisms,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different methods for IB studies and techniques for breeding and generating IB-free fish lines.This review reveals that the many key genes involved in tendon development,osteoblast differentiation,and bone formation,e.g.,scxa,msxC,sost,twist,bmps,and osterix,also play roles in IB development.Thus,this paper provides useful information for the breeding of new fish strains without IBs via genome editing and artificial selection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30730017,31160419)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Program(2009CC008)
文摘Garra imberba is widely distributed in China. At the moment, both Garra yiliangensis and G. hainanensis are treated as valid species, but they were initially named as a subspecies of G. pingi, a junior synonym of G. imberba. Garra alticorpora and G. nujiangensis also have similar morphological characters to G. imberba, but the taxonomic statuses and phylogenetic relationships of these species with G. imberba remains uncertain. In this study, 128 samples from the Jinshajiang, Red, Nanpanjiang, Lancangjiang, Nujiang Rivers as well as Hainan Island were measured while 1 mitochondrial gene and 1 nuclear intron of 24 samples were sequenced to explore the phylogenetic relationship of these five species. The results showed that G. hainanensis, G. yiliangensis, G. alticorpora and G. imberba are the same species with G. imberba being the valid species name, while G. nujiangensis is a valid species in and of itself.
基金supported by grants from the Yunnan Province Science and Technology Programa major program,a innovation plan of science and technology+4 种基金a seed industry programthe Basic Research Programme of Yunnan Province(2012FB183)the Yunnan Biodiversity Protection Programa major program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y206B51181)the Yunnan Province Science and Technology Program(2012CA014)
文摘The effects of osmotic pressure, temperature and stocking density on medusae survival of Craspedacusta sowerbii were examined. The medusae were shown to be sensitive to the variations of osmotic pressure. And the survival time was <90 h at 34 m Osm/L and it declined rapidly with rising osmotic pressure. The peak survival time of >200 h was recorded at 0.2 m Osm/L. Comparing with 27 °C and 32 °C treatments, 23 °C treatment yielded lower activities at a range of 8-13/min. However, there was a longer survival time. A non-linear relationship existed between survival time and stocking density. Lower density resulted in larger body size. And sexual reproduction resumed after breeding for >22 days. Newly-formed polyps and medusae appeared subsequently but only in the higher-density groups of 10, 14 and 18 ind./L. It suggested that the number of newly-formed polyps and medusae was highly dependent on stocking density. That is, a higher stocking density produced more organisms. However, newly-formed medusae died within one month and none grew a diameter of >5 mm.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2008BAC39B03)the Yunnan Provincial Science Technology Program(2009CD106/2010GA009/2013FB070)+1 种基金the Yunnan 2013 special funds for biodiversity conservation projectsthe fund of Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Science(Y4ZK111B01)
文摘Biological invasion is a pervasive negative force of global change, especially in its effects on sensitive freshwater ecosystems. Even protected areas are usually not immune. Ptychobarbus chungtienensis is a threatened freshwater fish now almost confined to Bita Lake, in the Shangri-La region of Yunnan province, China. Its existence is threatened by the introduction of non-native weatherfishes(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Paramisgurnus dabryanus) by an unusual method known as ‘prayer animal release'. Periodic surveys revealed the ratio of invasive weatherfishes to P. chungtienensis has been increasing since the former species was first recorded from the lake in August, 2009. Ptychobarbus chungtienensis shows low genetic diversity in the relict Lake Bita population. Weatherfishes, however, have highly successful survival strategies. The degree of dietary overlap between the species is alarming and perhaps critical if food is found to be a limiting factor.
基金This work was partially supported by the fund of State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution(GREKF13-06)。
文摘Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China.Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head,which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence.We used non-invasive,high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional(3D)morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus,one of eight such troglobiotic species.3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components,which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone,a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae,and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic.A horn cavity occurred within the horn.The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling,and were,connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue.We tentatively called this configuration the“otocornual connection”due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids,which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals.This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish,and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life,which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S.hyalinus become available.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301865)Special Funds for Young Scholars of Taxonomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZSBR-011)+3 种基金Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y229YX5105)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23080502)National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaYunnan Joint Fund(U1702233)Sino BON-Inland Water Fish Diversity Observation Network
文摘The systematics of Semisulcospiridae in China is revised here based on morphological characters and mitochondrial phylogenetics. Phylogenetic relationships within the Chinese semisulcospirids were assessed via DNA sequences from mitochondrial analysis (cytochrome c oxidase I and 16S rRNA). This research contains most morphospecies of semisulcospirids previously recorded in China. Based on these results, the family of Chinese Semisulcospiridae is represented by three genera: i.e., viviparous Semisulcospira B?ttger, 1886, oviparous Hua Chen, 1943 and Koreoleptoxis Burch and Jung, 1988. These genera can be distinguished from each other by reproductive anatomy, reproductive mode, and radula features. Species of Hua are mainly distributed in southwest China and Guangxi, whereas Koreoleptoxis and Semisulcospira are mainly distributed in south and northeast China.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672282,U1702233,U1902202)Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24030505,XDA23080500,KFJ-STS-QYZD-101)Program of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(202003AD150017,2018FY001-007)。
文摘The Dianchi golden-line barbel,Sinocyclocheilus grahami(Regan,1904),is one of the“Four Famous Fishes”of Yunnan Province,China.Given its economic value,this species has been artificially bred successfully since 2007,with a nationally selected breed(“S.grahami,Bayou No.1”)certified in 2018.For the future utilization of this species,its growth rate,disease resistance,and wild adaptability need to be improved,which could be achieved with the help of molecular markerassisted selection(MAS).In the current study,we constructed the first chromosome-level genome of S.grahami,assembled 48 pseudo-chromosomes,and obtained a genome size of 1.49 Gb.We also performed QTL-seq analysis of S.grahami using the highest and lowest bulks(i.e.,largest and smallest size)in both a sibling and random population.We screened two quantitative trait loci(QTLs)(Chr3,14.9-39.1 Mb and Chr17,4.1-27.4 Mb)as major growth-related locations.Several candidate genes(e.g.,map2k5,stat1,phf21a,sox6,and smad6)were also identified,with functions related to growth,such as cell differentiation,neuronal development,skeletal muscle development,chondrogenesis,and immunity.These results built a solid foundation for in-depth MAS studies on the growth traits of S.grahami.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)“Light of West China”Program to Y.W.Z.and X.F.P.Program of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(202003AD150017)+1 种基金CAS Program(XDA23080502,KFJSTS-QYZD-101)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672282,U1702233)。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,The restocking of the endangered Kanglang white minnow(Anabarilius grahami)in Lake Fuxian,China,has been conducted for 13 years.However,few studies have reported on the effectiveness of the captive breeding and release of this species.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301870 and 31872212)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology,Guangxi Normal University(19-A-01-06)+1 种基金Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Guangxi Normal University),Ministry of Eduction,China(ERESEP2020Z22)Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(2015FB176).
文摘The origin and colonization history of Kurixalus,a genus of small arboreal tree frogs breeding exclusively in shallow swamps,is under disputed.On the basis of comprehensive sampling program,the evolutionary history of Kurixalus is investigated based on 3 mitochondrial genes.Our results indicate that the genus Kurixalus originated in the Asian mainland and subsequently arrived at its current distribution in Borneo,Taiwan,Ryukyu,and Hainan islands by a series of dispersal events.Moreover,the colonization of Taiwan from mainland Asia has occurred 2 times.The initial colonization of Taiwan occurred at 3.46-8.68 Mya(95%highest posterior density),which rejects the hypothesis that Kurixalus probably originated from Taiwan during the early Oligocene and favors the model of Neogene-origin rather than the model of Quaternary-origin for Taiwan Residents Kurixalus.Kurixalus eiffingeri has dispersed from Taiwan to the Ryukyus once or 2 times pending more data.Both transoceanic dispersal and landbridge dispersal have played a role in the colonization process;the former resulted in the colonization of Taiwan and the Ryukyus and the latter led to the colonizati on of Bor neo and Hain an.