Digenic heterozygous mutations in EYS/LRP5 in a Chinese family with retinitis pigmentosa

Dear Editor,I am Dr.Ji-Hong Wu,from the Department of Ophthalmology,Eye＆ENT Hospital of Fudan University,China.I write to present a case report of retinitis pigmentosa（RP）caused by novel digenic heterozygous mutations in a Chinese family.

Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis in children:incidence,pathogenesis and management

Background:Henoch-Schönlein purpura(HSP)is one of the most common vasculitides in children.It is manifested by skin purpura,arthritis,abdominal pain,renal involvement,etc.Typically,HSP is considered to be self-limiting,although renal involvement(HSP purpura nephritis,HSPN)is the principal cause of morbidity from this disease.For this reason,it is important to clarify the mechanism of onset and clinical manifestations of HSPN and to ascertain the most appropriate treatment for HSPN.In this article,we review the updated pathophysiology and treatment strategies for HSPN.Data sources:We searched databases including PubMed,Elsevier and Wanfang for the folowing key words:Henoch-Schönlein purpura,nephritis,mechanism and treatment,and we selected those publications written in English that we judged to be relevant to the topic of this review.Results:Based on the data present in the literature,we reviewed the following topics:1)the possible pathogenesis of HSPN:several studies suggest that immunoglobulin A immune complexes deposit in the mesangium and induce renal injury;2)multiple-drug treatment for HSPN:although there have been few evidence-based treatment strategies for HSPN,several studies have suggested that immunosuppressive drugs and multiple drug combination therapy were effective in ameliorating proteinuria and histological severity.Conclusions:HSPN is a severe disease of childhood.To better understand this disease,detailed investigations into the pathogenesis of HSPN and prospective randomized controlled treatment studies on children with severe HSPN are needed.

Fano resonances with a high figure of merit in silver oligomer systems

A silver quadrumer consisting of four parallel aligned rectangular nanobars, with three at the bottom and one at the top, is proposed to provide two Fano resonances. These two resonances can be adjusted either simultaneously or independently simply by tuning the geometrical parameters. Due to the formation of the two resonances in a relatively short wavelength range, one of them can be spectrally squeezed to be very narrow, which induces a very high figure of merit(FoM =45). By decomposing the scattering spectrum into bright modes and dark modes, the double Fano resonances are found to be originated from grouping the unit cells into two different groups. The evolution of the scattering spectrum with the central dimer position along the polarization direction suggests that the symmetry reducing induces the second Fano resonance and improves the Fo M of the first one. By introducing one more nanobar into the quadrumer system, the Fo M can approach the material's limit, although the dip is relatively shallow. The ultrahigh Fo M of the Fano resonance in the proposed quadrumer can provide ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing.Furthermore, the method for providing multiple independently tunable Fano resonances can offer new solutions to designing plasmonic-related nanolasers, photocatalysis, and biochemical sensors, etc.