Recent advances in interfacial modification of zinc anode for aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries

To tackle energy crisis and achieve sustainable development, aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries have gained widespread attention in large-scale energy storage for their low cost, high safety, high theoretical capacity, and environmental compatibility in recent years. However, zinc anode in aqueous zinc ion batteries is still facing several challenges such as dendrite growth and side reactions(e.g., hydrogen evolution), which cause poor reversibility and the failure of batteries. To address these issues, interfacial modification of Zn anodes has received great attention by tuning the interaction between the anode and the electrolyte. Herein, we present recent advances in the interfacial modification of zinc anode in this review. Besides, the challenges of reported approaches of interfacial modification are also discussed.Finally, we provide an outlook for the exploration of novel zinc anode for aqueous zinc ion batteries.We hope that this review will be helpful in designing and fabricating dendrite-free and hydrogenevolution-free Zn anodes and promoting the practical application of aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries.

锂离子电池高镍单晶正极材料的合成与性能

通过高温固相焙烧法合成高镍单晶正极材料LiNi0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2。采用XRD、XPS、TEM等技术研究初始样品和脱锂化高镍单晶材料的物理化学性能;采用长循环测试、循环伏安法和原位阻抗分析表征其电化学性能。研究结果表明:在高温处理过程中,样品的内部和表面发生锂氧损失和相转变现象,材料在固相合成反应过程中会加剧相转变,并在单一颗粒上形成多相共存状态;高温可以促进一次颗粒生长,但对单晶颗粒的稳定层状结构有一定的损害。

Boosting cell performance of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode material via structure design

Ni-rich cathodes exhibit appealing properties,such as high capacity density,low cost,and prominent energy density.However,the inferior ionic conductivity and bulk structural degradation become bottlenecks for Ni-rich cathodes and severely limit their commercial utilization.Traditional coating and doping methods suffer fatal drawbacks in functioning as a unit and cannot radically promote material performance to meet the needs of Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Herein,we successfully devised an ingenious and facile synthetic method to establish Ni-rich oxides with a La_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7) coating and Zr doping.The coating layer improves the ion diffusion kinetics and enhances Li-ion transportation while Zr doping effectively suppresses the phase transition of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode.Owing to the synergetic effect of Zr doping and La_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7) coating,the modified material shows prominent initial discharge capacity of 184.7 m Ah g^(-1) at 5℃ and maintains 177.5 m Ah g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 1℃.Overall,the proposed feasible electrode design method can have a far-reaching impact on further fabrication of advanced cathodes for high-performance LIBs.

In-situ chemical conversion film for stabilizing zinc metal anodes

Zinc metal anodes face several challenges,including the uncontrolled formation of dendrites,hydrogen evolution,and corrosion,which seriously hinder their application in practice.To address the above problems such as dendrite formation and corrosion,we present a simple and applicable immersion method that enables in situ formation of a zinc phytate(PAZ)coating on the surface of commercial Zn flakes via a substitution reaction.This protective coating mitigates corrosion of zinc flakes by the electrolyte,reduces the interfacial impedance,and accelerates the migration kinetics of zinc ions.Besides,this method can preferentially expose the(002)crystal plane with strong atomic bonding,which not only improves the corrosion resistance of the zinc flake,but can also guide the parallel deposition of zinc ions along the(002)crystal plane and reduce the formation of dendrites.Benefiting from the above advantages,the PAZ@Zn‖Cu half-cell has shown over 900 cycles with average coulombic efficiency(CE)of99.81%at 4 mA cm^(-2).Besides,the PAZ@Zn‖PAZ@Zn symmetric cell operate stably for>1000 h at5 mA cm^(-2)and>340 h at 10 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,we demonstrated that this in situ chemical treatment enables the formation of a robust,well-bound protective coating.This method provides insights for advancing the commercialization of zinc anodes and other metal anodes.

Enhancing structure and cycling stability of Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes at elevated temperatures via dual-function surface modification

High-nickel single-crystal layered oxide material has become the most promising cathode material for electric vehicle power battery due to its high energy density.However,this material still suffers from structural degradation during cycling and especially the severe interfacial reactions at elevated temperatures that exacerbate irreversible capacity loss.Here,a simple strategy was used to construct a dualfunction Li_(1.5)Al_(0.5)Ge_(1.5)P_(3)O_(12)(LAGP)protective layer on the surface of the high-nickel single-crystal(SC)cathode material,leading to SC@LAGP material.The strong Al-O bonding effectively inhibits the release of lattice oxygen(O)at elevated temperatures,which is supported by the positive formation energy of O vacancy from first-principal calculations.Besides,theoretical calculations demonstrate that the appropriate amount of Al doping accelerates the electron and Li^(+)transport,and thus reduces the kinetic barriers.In addition,the LAGP protective layer alleviates the stress accumulation during cycling and effectively reduces the erosion of materials from the electrolyte decomposition at elevated temperatures.The obtained SC@LAGP cathode material demonstrates much enhanced cycling stability even at high voltage(4.6 V)and elevated temperature(55℃),with a high capacity retention of 91.3%after 100 cycles.This work reports a simple dual-function coating strategy that simultaneously stabilizes the structure and interface of the single-crystal cathode material,which can be applied to design other cathode materials.

Single-Crystal Nickel-Based Cathodes:Fundamentals and Recent Advances

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)represent the most promising choice for meeting the ever-growing demand of society for various electric applications,such as electric transportation,portable electronics,and grid storage.Nickel-rich layered oxides have largely replaced LiCoO_(2)in commercial batteries because of their low cost,high energy density,and good reliability.Traditional nickel-based oxide particles,usually called polycrystal materials,are composed of microsized primary particles.However,polycrystal particles tend to suffer from pulverization and severe side reactions along grain boundaries during cycling.These phenomena accelerate cell degradation.Single-crystal materials,which exhibit robust mechanical strength and a high surface area,have great potential to address the challenges that hinder their polycrystal counterparts.A comprehensive understanding of the growing body of research related to single-crystal materials is imperative to improve the performance of cathodes in LIBs.This review highlights origins,recent developments,challenges,and opportunities for single-crystal layered oxide cathodes.The synthesis science behind single-crystal materials and comparative studies between single-crystal and polycrystal materials are discussed in detail.Industrial techniques and facilities are also reviewed in combination with our group’s experiences in single-crystal research.Future development should focus on facile production with strong control of the particle size and distribution,structural defects,and impurities to fully reap the benefits of single-crystal materials.