Ammonium dinitramide(ADN)is considered as a potential substitute for ammonium perchlorate in energetic materials due to its high density,positive oxygen balance,and halogen-free characteristics.However,its application...Ammonium dinitramide(ADN)is considered as a potential substitute for ammonium perchlorate in energetic materials due to its high density,positive oxygen balance,and halogen-free characteristics.However,its application has been severely limited because of its strong hygroscopicity,difficult storage,and incompatibility with isocyanate curing agents.In order to better bloom the advantages of the highly energetic and environment-friendly ADN in the fields of energetic materials,an in-depth analysis of the current situation and discussion of key research points are particularly important.In this paper,a detailed overview on the synthesis,thermal decomposition,hygroscopic mechanism,and antihygroscopicity of ADN has been discussed,its application in powdes and explosives are also presented,and its future research directions are proposed.展开更多
This review covers recent advances in the synthesis and energetic performance of nitrogen-rich 1,2,4-oxadiazole-azoles-based energetic materials.These materials comprise of 1,2,4-oxadiazole subunit as a key structural...This review covers recent advances in the synthesis and energetic performance of nitrogen-rich 1,2,4-oxadiazole-azoles-based energetic materials.These materials comprise of 1,2,4-oxadiazole subunit as a key structural motif linked to different nitrogen-rich or nitrogen-oxygen azoles:tetrazole,furazan,furoxan,1,3,4-oxadiazole,pyrazole,and triazole.Particular attention is devoted to the introduction of various energetic groups including nitro,nitramino,azo,azoxy,dinitromethyl,trinitroethyl moieties,and their combination.The physicochemical and available performance parameters including density,decomposition temperature,heat of formation,detonation pressure,detonation velocity,impact sensitivity,and friction sensitivity of typical energetic compounds are also provided and analyzed.Eventually,it was obtained that several screened compounds exhibit superior detonation properties and outstanding insensitivities,which can be classified as a new family of high-performance energetic materials.Additionally,1,2,4-oxadiazole-azoles-based energetic materials still have many thorough works to further exploited and studied,expecting to get very promising insensitive high explosives for practical application and industrialization.展开更多
Inflammation drives the development of depression and may affect neurotransmitters and thus neurocircuits increase the risk of depression.To investigate the influence of inhibition of inflammatory pathways on the biog...Inflammation drives the development of depression and may affect neurotransmitters and thus neurocircuits increase the risk of depression.To investigate the influence of inhibition of inflammatory pathways on the biogenic amine neurotransmitters metabolism in depressive rats,sertraline,and meloxicam,the inhibitors of arachidonic acid-cyclooxygenase-2/lipoxygenase(AA-COX-2/5-LO)pathways,were given to depressive rats.After the development of depression model by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)for 6 weeks,Successful modeling rats were selected and randomly divided into CUMS group and medication administration group.After given medicine,The biogenic amine neurotransmitters in rat cortex and hippocampus were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with an electrochemical detector(HPLC-ECD).Compared with the normal group,the concentration of norepinephrine(NE)significantly decreased and the concentrations of Tyrosine(Tyr),Tryptophan(Trp),3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid(DOPAC),3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol(MHPG),homovanillic acid(HVA)and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)significantly increased in the CUMS group.Sertraline significantly inhibited the elevation of 5-HIAA.Meloxicam inhibited the decrease of NE level in CUMS-induced rat and the increase of Trp,MHPG,and 5-HIAA level in a dose-dependent manner.Caffeic acid inhibited the decrease of NE and the increase of Trp and MHPG in a dose-dependent manner.The inhibition of AA-COX-2/5-LO pathways can improve the behaviors of depression rats and suppress CUMSinduced changes in biogenic amines.Compared with the single-dose lipoxygenase(5-LO)or Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitor,the combination treatment with meloxicam 1 mg/kg and caffeic acid 10 mg/kg have no significant improvement in CUMS-induced depression behavior and the level of cortical monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 21805139, 12102194, 22005144 and 22005145)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U2141202)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20200471)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 30920041106, 30921011203)
文摘Ammonium dinitramide(ADN)is considered as a potential substitute for ammonium perchlorate in energetic materials due to its high density,positive oxygen balance,and halogen-free characteristics.However,its application has been severely limited because of its strong hygroscopicity,difficult storage,and incompatibility with isocyanate curing agents.In order to better bloom the advantages of the highly energetic and environment-friendly ADN in the fields of energetic materials,an in-depth analysis of the current situation and discussion of key research points are particularly important.In this paper,a detailed overview on the synthesis,thermal decomposition,hygroscopic mechanism,and antihygroscopicity of ADN has been discussed,its application in powdes and explosives are also presented,and its future research directions are proposed.
基金We are thankful to the NSAF(No.U1830134)NSFC(No.21905023 and 22175025)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology(No.YBKT21-02)Open Research Fund Program of CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials(No.ORFP2020-01)for their generous financial support.
文摘This review covers recent advances in the synthesis and energetic performance of nitrogen-rich 1,2,4-oxadiazole-azoles-based energetic materials.These materials comprise of 1,2,4-oxadiazole subunit as a key structural motif linked to different nitrogen-rich or nitrogen-oxygen azoles:tetrazole,furazan,furoxan,1,3,4-oxadiazole,pyrazole,and triazole.Particular attention is devoted to the introduction of various energetic groups including nitro,nitramino,azo,azoxy,dinitromethyl,trinitroethyl moieties,and their combination.The physicochemical and available performance parameters including density,decomposition temperature,heat of formation,detonation pressure,detonation velocity,impact sensitivity,and friction sensitivity of typical energetic compounds are also provided and analyzed.Eventually,it was obtained that several screened compounds exhibit superior detonation properties and outstanding insensitivities,which can be classified as a new family of high-performance energetic materials.Additionally,1,2,4-oxadiazole-azoles-based energetic materials still have many thorough works to further exploited and studied,expecting to get very promising insensitive high explosives for practical application and industrialization.
基金supported by pharmacy school of Chongqing Medical University.This research work was financially supported by Research Fund of Chongqing Science&Technology Commission(No:cstc2013jcyjA10040)Research Start-up Fund of Pharmacy School of Chongqing Medical University.
文摘Inflammation drives the development of depression and may affect neurotransmitters and thus neurocircuits increase the risk of depression.To investigate the influence of inhibition of inflammatory pathways on the biogenic amine neurotransmitters metabolism in depressive rats,sertraline,and meloxicam,the inhibitors of arachidonic acid-cyclooxygenase-2/lipoxygenase(AA-COX-2/5-LO)pathways,were given to depressive rats.After the development of depression model by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)for 6 weeks,Successful modeling rats were selected and randomly divided into CUMS group and medication administration group.After given medicine,The biogenic amine neurotransmitters in rat cortex and hippocampus were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with an electrochemical detector(HPLC-ECD).Compared with the normal group,the concentration of norepinephrine(NE)significantly decreased and the concentrations of Tyrosine(Tyr),Tryptophan(Trp),3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid(DOPAC),3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol(MHPG),homovanillic acid(HVA)and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)significantly increased in the CUMS group.Sertraline significantly inhibited the elevation of 5-HIAA.Meloxicam inhibited the decrease of NE level in CUMS-induced rat and the increase of Trp,MHPG,and 5-HIAA level in a dose-dependent manner.Caffeic acid inhibited the decrease of NE and the increase of Trp and MHPG in a dose-dependent manner.The inhibition of AA-COX-2/5-LO pathways can improve the behaviors of depression rats and suppress CUMSinduced changes in biogenic amines.Compared with the single-dose lipoxygenase(5-LO)or Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitor,the combination treatment with meloxicam 1 mg/kg and caffeic acid 10 mg/kg have no significant improvement in CUMS-induced depression behavior and the level of cortical monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites.
