Ultrasensitive proteomics depicted an in-depth landscape for the very early stage of mouse maternal-to-zygotic transition

Single-cell or low-input multi-omics techniques have revolutionized the study of pre-implantation embryo development.However,the single-cell or low-input proteomic research in this field is relatively underdeveloped because of the higher threshold of the starting material for mammalian embryo samples and the lack of hypersensitive proteome technology.In this study,a comprehensive solution of ultrasensitive proteome technology(CS-UPT)was developed for single-cell or low-input mouse oocyte/embryo samples.The deep coverage and high-throughput routes significantly reduced the starting material and were selected by investigators based on their demands.Using the deep coverage route,we provided the first large-scale snapshot of the very early stage of mouse maternal-to-zygotic transition,including almost 5,500 protein groups from 20 mouse oocytes or zygotes for each sample.Moreover,significant protein regulatory networks centered on transcription factors and kinases between the MII oocyte and 1-cell embryo provided rich insights into minor zygotic genome activation.

铁改性酚醛树脂的合成与结构表征

通过配位反应在热固性酚醛树脂中引入三价铁离子,合成了铁改性酚醛树脂。通过红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪以及利用电导率测定配位数的方法表征了铁改性酚醛树脂的结构,分析得到三价铁离子与酚醛树脂形成六配位的结构,4个氧原子来自亚氨基二乙酸的羧酸基,2个氧原子来自游离的酚羟基。与普通树脂相比,铁改性酚醛树脂的固含量和残炭率明显提高,分别达到89. 16%和51. 41%;通过热重分析表明,铁改性酚醛树脂的耐热性能明显提高。

Characterization of microRNAs in serum： a novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases

在各种各样的纸巾的 microRNAs (miRNAs ) 的 Dysregulated 表示与许多疾病被联系了，包括癌症。这里，我们证明 miRNAs 在象老鼠，老鼠，牛的胎儿，小牛，和马那样的人和另外的动物的浆液和血浆是在场的。在浆液的 miRNAs 的层次在一样的种类的个人之中稳定、可再现、一致。采用 Solexa，我们定序健康中国题目的所有浆液 miRNAs 并且分别地在男、女的题目发现超过 100 和 91 浆液 miRNAs。我们也为肺癌症， colorectal 癌症，和糖尿病识别了浆液 miRNAs 的特定的表示模式，提供证据那浆液 miRNAs 为各种各样的疾病包含指纹。癌症特定的浆液 miRNAs 由 Solexa 获得了的二个非小的房间肺进一步在 75 个健康施主和 152 个癌症病人的独立审判被验证，用量的反向的抄写聚合酶链反应试金。通过这些分析，我们断定浆液 miRNAs 能为各种各样的癌症和另外的疾病的察觉用作潜在的 biomarkers。

Identification and characterization of microRNAs in raw milk during different periods of lactation, commercial fluid, and powdered milk products

最近的婴儿的公式奶粉污染事件证明了在牛奶质量控制的经典标记或标准在识别鈥渕a nipulated 鈥 ? 是不够的差质量的牛奶。在现在的学习，我们第一次证明奶牛牛奶包含大量 microRNAs ( miRNAs )并且牛奶特定的 miRNAs 的唯一的表示侧面能为未加工的牛奶和牛奶相关的商业产品的质量控制用作新奇指示物和可能的新标准，例如液体牛奶和粉状的公式牛奶。用定序的 Solexa，首先，我们系统地在未加工的牛奶屏蔽了 miRNA 表示并且在未加工的牛奶识别了 245 miRNAs 的一个总数。不同于层次在哺乳的不同时期是其表达式将近相同的另外的经典 biomarkers，单个 miRNAs 能显著地在哺乳过程期间被改变，含有那 miRNAs 可以是更精确的指示物反映牛奶的优秀改变。第二，使用 TaqMan 基于探查的 miRNA 量的 RT-PCR ，我们进一步识别了七 miRNAs 重要地在整个哺乳过程，和更多有相对一致的表情，这七牛奶特定的 miRNAs 的表示侧面能为区别用作理想的 biomarker 差质量或从纯未加工的牛奶的 鈥渕a nipulated 鈥?牛奶，象为商业乳制品的质量控制一样，例如液体，牛奶和粉状的公式挤。一起，我们的调查结果为为决定未加工的牛奶或牛奶相关的商业产品的质量理解牛奶 miRNAs 和一个新潜在的标准的生理的角色提供一个基础。

PGC-1α induces apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells through a PPARy-dependent pathway

Peroxisome 激活 proliferator 的受体鲸鱼群妈(PPAR γ) coactivator-1 高山哈(PGC-1 α) coactivates 多重抄写因素并且调整几个代谢过程。Thecurrent 学习在人的上皮的卵巢的癌症房间在 apoptosis 的正式就职调查了 PGC-1 α的角色。在人的卵巢和人的卵巢的上皮的肿瘤之间的 PGC-1 α信使 rna 水平被量的 RT-PCR 检验。更少的 PGC-1 α表示与正常卵巢相比在恶意的肿瘤的表面上皮被发现。在人的上皮的卵巢的癌症房间线 Ho-8910 的 PGC-1 α的 Overexpression 通过 Bcl-2 和 Bax 表示的协调规定导致了房间 apoptosis。Microarray 分析证实 PGC-1 α戏剧性地在 Ho-8910 房间影响了 apoptosis 相关的基因。 Mitochondrial 功能的试金证明 apoptosis 的正式就职通过由细胞色素 c.Furthermore 的版本的终端阶段，导致的 apoptosis 部分是，然而并非完全，由 PPAR γa ntagonist ( GW9662 )堵住了的 PGC-1 α-，并且由 siRNA 的 PPAR γ 表示的抑制也在 Ho-8910 房间禁止了 PGC-1 α- inducedapoptosis 。这些数据建议 PGC-1 α通过 aPPAR γ - 依赖者小径施加了它的效果。我们的调查结果显示 PGC-1 α涉及 apoptotic signaltransduction 小径， PGC-1 α的 down 规定可以是在支持上皮的卵巢的癌症生长和前进的一个关键点。

Incremental support vector machine algorithm based on multi-kernel learning

A new incremental support vector machine （SVM） algorithm is proposed which is based on multiple kernel learning. Through introducing multiple kernel learning into the SVM incremental learning, large scale data set learning problem can be solved effectively. Furthermore, different punishments are adopted in allusion to the training subset and the acquired support vectors, which may help to improve the performance of SVM. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can not only solve the model selection problem in SVM incremental learning, but also improve the classification or prediction precision.

In tegrative iTRAQ-based proteomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the accumulation patter ns of key metabolites associated with oil quality during seed ripening of Camellia oleifera

Camellia oleifera(C.oleifera)is one of the four major woody oil-bearing crops in the world and has relatively high ecological,economic,and medicinal value.Its seeds undergo a series of complex physiological and biochemical changes during ripening,which is mainly manifested as the accumulation and transformation of certain metabolites closely related to oil quality,especially flavonoids and fatty acids.To obtain new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms,a parallel analysis of the transcriptome and proteome profiles of C.oleifera seeds at different maturity levels was conducted using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ)complemented with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)data.A total of 16,530 transcripts and 1228 proteins were recognized with significant differential abundances in pairwise comparisons of samples at various developmental stages.Among these,317 were coexpressed with a poor correlation,and most were involved in metabolic processes,including fatty acid metabolism,a-linolenic acid metabolism,and glutathione metabolism.In addition,the content of total flavonoids decreased gradually with seed maturity,and the levels of fatty acids generally peaked at the fat accumulation stage;these results basically agreed with the regulation patterns of genes or proteins in the corresponding pathways.The expression levels of proteins annotated as upstream candidates of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)and chalcone synthase(CHS)as well as their cognate transcripts were positively correlated with the variation in the flavonoid content,while shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase(HCT)-(encoding genes had the opposite pattern.The increase in the abundance of proteins and mRNAs corresponding to alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)was associated with a reduction in linoleic acid synthesis.Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA),we further identi fied six unique modules related to flavonoid,oil,and fatty acid anabolism that contained hub genes or proteins similar to transcription factors(TFs),such as MADS intervening keratin-like and C-terminal(MIKC_MAD s),type-B authentic response regulator(ARR-B),and basic helix-loop-helix(bH〔H).Finally,based on the known metabolic pathways and WGCNA combined with the correlation analysis,fi ve coexpressed transcripts and proteins composed of cinnamyl-alcohol dehyd rogenases(CADs),caffeicacid 3-O-methyltransferase(COMT),fl avonol synthase(FLS),and 4-coumarate:CoA ligaas(4CL)were screened out.With this exploratory multiomics dataset,our results presented a dynamic picture regarding the maturation process of C.oleifera seeds on Hainan Island,not only revealing the temporal specific expression of key candidate genes and proteins but also providing a scientific basis for the genetic improvement of this tree species.

Recycled Aggregate Pervious Concrete: Analysis of Influence of Water-Cement Ratio and Fly Ash under Single Action and Optimal Design of Mix Proportion

Pervious concrete is recommended,which is of great benefit to the ecological environment and human living environment.In this paper,the influences of five water-cement ratios and four fly ash contents to replace the cement by mass with a water-cement ratio of 0.30 on the properties of Recycled Aggregate Pervious Concrete(RAPC)were studied.Following this,based on the Grey relational-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)optimization method,the strength,permeability,abrasion loss rate,and material costs of RAPC were adopted as evaluation indices to establish a mix proportion optimization model.The results show that the increase of water-cement ratio and fly ash replacement level of RAPC leads to decreased compres-sive strength while an increase in the permeability and abrasion loss rate.According to test results based on the optimal model 0.30 was identified as the best mix proportion.In addition,ecological-economic analysis of RAPC raw materials was carried out by comparing different natural aggregates.The results of EE(embodied energy)and ECO 2e(embodied CO_(2) emission)pointed out that the combination of recycled aggregate and fly ash leads to sig-nificant ecological and economic benefits.

Partial dehydration of brucite and its implications for water distribution in the subducting oceanic slab

Hydrous minerals within the subducting oceanic slab are important hosts for water.Clarification of the stability field of hydrous minerals helps to understand transport and distribution of water from the surface to the Earth’s interior.We investigated the stability of brucite,a prototype of hydrous minerals,by means of electrical conductivity measurements in both open and closed systems at 3 GPa and temperatures up to 1300 K.Dramatic increase of conductivity in association with characteristic impedance spectra suggests that partial dehydration of single-crystal brucite in the open system with a low water fugacity occurs at 950 K,which is about 300 K lower than those previously defined by phase equilibrium experiments in the closed system.By contrast,brucite completely dehydrates at 1300 K in the closed system,consistent with previous studies.Partial dehydration may generate a highly defective structure but does not lead to the breakdown of brucite to periclase and water immediately.Water activity plays a key role in the stability of hydrous minerals.Low water activity(a H_(2)O)caused by the high wetting behavior of the subducted oceanic slab at the transition zone depth may cause the partial dehydration of the dense hydrous magnesium silicates(DHMSs),which significantly reduces the temperature stability of DHMS(this mechanism has been confirmed by previous study on super hydrous phase B).As a result,the transition zone may serve as a‘dead zone’for DHMSs,and most water will be stored in wadsleyite and ringwoodite in the transition zone.

癌症患者照顾者生活质量及角色转换应对策略的系统评价

目的在全球范围内,癌症患者的非正式照顾者在其照顾角色方面遇到的挑战显著影响了他们的生活质量。此研究旨在分析癌症照护如何影响非正式照顾者的生活质量,以及非正式照顾者的癌症照护角色转换应对策略。方法按照提高质性研究系统评价报告透明度的声明(Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research,ENTREQ),检索发表于2009年5月1日至2019年12月31日的文献。检索万方数据库、中国知网、CINAHL、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、PsycARTICLES和PsycINFO数据库和灰色文献。采用2018版质性研究关键质量评价清单(Critical Appraisal Skills Programme,CASP)进行了质量评价和主题整合的方法进行数据整用。结果共检索出8945篇文章,6篇文章符合纳入标准。分析关于癌症患者非正式照顾者的生活质量,呈现出一个主题“照顾的挑战”。分析言非正式照护者癌症照护角色转换应对策略,呈现出两个主题:“自我调整”和“寻求正式和非正式支持”。结论癌症照护显著影响非正式照护者的生活质量。为了应对照护过程中出现的困难、平衡照护与自己生活之间的关系,非正式照护者发展出了多样化的应对策略。同时,对非正式照顾者的专业支持和政策支持仍然不足,需要从专业健康照护者和政策制定者两个角度进行完善和提升。

Archaea Diversity of Five Hot Springs in Lushan from Henan

There are five hot springs named separately SHANGT,ZHONGT,WENT,XIAT and SHENT in Lushan County,Pingdingshan City,Henan Province.The archaeal diversity of the five hot springs was investigated and analyzed.16 S rD NA v4-5 genes of archaea were sequenced by Illumina Hisiq2500 PE250 technology.The numbers of sample sequences and OTUs were sorted by using Uparse,Mothur,SILVA,MUSCLE and Qiime software.Finally,the archaeal abundance and diversity in the five hot springs were analyzed.87993,67326,44400,48611 and 48495 effective reads have been obtained from SHANGT,ZHONGT,WENT,XIAT and SHENT respectively,and 520,280,678,451 and 437 OTUs have been acquired.The analysis of archaeal classification showed that the archaea from the five hot springs could be classified into 11 phyla,in which Thaumarchaeota accounted for 95.25%and was the dominant archaea.In the genera level,the dominant archaea of the SHANGT,ZHONGT and WENT was Candidatus-Nitrosocaldus,and unidentified-Thaumarchaeota was the dominant archaea in XIAT and SHENT.The results showed that the five hot springs in Lushan are rich in microbial resources.The research provided basic data for further research and utilization of the archaea resources in the five hot springs of Lushan.

Advancing the Understanding of Environmental Transformations, Bioavailability and Effects of Nanomaterials, an International US Environmental Protection Agency—UK Environmental Nanoscience Initiative Joint Program

Nanotechnology has significant economic, health, and environmental benefits, including renewable energy and innovative environmental solutions. Manufactured nanoparticles have been incorporated into new materials and products because of their novel or enhanced properties. These very same properties also have prompted concerns about the potential environmental and human health hazard and risk posed by the manufactured nanomaterials. Appropriate risk management responses require the development of models capable of predicting the environmental and human health effects of the nanomaterials. Development of predictive models has been hampered by a lack of information concerning the environmental fate, behavior and effects of manufactured nanoparticles. The United Kingdom (UK) Environmental Nanoscience Initiative and the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency have developed an international research program to enhance the knowledgebase and develop risk-predicting models for manufactured nanoparticles. Here we report selected highlights of the program as it sought to maximize the complementary strengths of the transatlantic scientific communities by funding three integrated US-UK consortia to investigate the transformation of these nanoparticles in terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environment. Research results demonstrate there is a functional relationship between the physicochemical properties of environmentally transformed nanomaterials and their effects and that this relationship is amenable to modeling. In addition, the joint transatlantic program has allowed the leveraging of additional funding, promoting transboundary scientific collaboration.

Experimental Study on Impingement Processes of Fuel Sprays on Biomimetic Structured Surfaces

To improve the controllability of the wall-wetting process after the fuel spray-wall impingement in internal combustion engines,the methods of laser etching,chemical etching and surface free energy modification are used to prepare biomimetic structured surfaces with different wettability.The impingement processes of diesel and n-butanol sprays on the walls under different conditions are experimentally investigated.As the surface oleophilicity increases,the spreading radius of wall-impinging sprays decreases.At about 5 s after the fuel injections,the fuel spray droplets hit the walls for the first time,and the secondary breakup and rebound occur.The mixture concentrations of different fuels hitting the various walls reach the peak value.Under a higher surface temperature,the peak value of the mixture concentration is mainly related to the heat flux to the fuel droplets in different boiling regimes from the metal surfaces.The concentration of the air–fuel mixture in the near wall region increases with increasing surface oleophilicity,increasing wall temperature and decreasing ambient pressure.Compared with diesel,n-butanol presents a higher air–fuel mixture concentration in the near wall region.

Retention of trace elements in coal-fired flue gas by a novel heterogeneous agglomeration technology

Heterogeneous agglomeration (HA) is a very potential technology for coal-fired flue gas treatment.In this paper,the distribution and migration mechanisms of trace elements (TEs such as Se,As and Pb in CFPPs were studied on a 30,000 m^(3)/hr pilot-scale experimental plat form.The influences of HA on the removal efficiency of gaseous and particulate TEs were well analyzed.The results showed that Se,As and Pb were enriched in fly ash,and their sen sitivity to particle size is quite different.The content of Se was the highest in PM1,reaching193.04 mg/kg at the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) outlet.The average particle size of the total dust before ESP increased significantly from 21.686 to 62.612μm after injecting the heterogeneous agglomeration adsorbent,conducive to its further removal by ESP.In addi tion,the concentrations of gaseous Se,As and Pb in the flue gas decreased after adsorben spray,and accordingly,their contents in the hierarchical particles increased,indicating tha the adsorbent could effectively promote the adsorption of gaseous trace elements in fly ash and reduce the possibility of their escape to the atmosphere.Total concentrations of Se,As and Pb emitted by wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) are 0.223,0.668 and 0.076μg/m^(3)which decreased by 59.98%,47.69%and 90.71%,respectively.Finally,a possible HA mecha nism model was proposed,where chemical adsorption,physical condensation and collision agglomeration of gaseous TEs and fine particles with adsorbent droplets occurred to form larger agglomerates.

Elastic Fiber‑Reinforced Silk Fibroin Scaffold with A Double‑Crosslinking Network for Human Ear‑Shaped Cartilage Regeneration

Tissue engineering provides a promising approach for regenerative medicine.The ideal engineered tissue should have the desired structure and functional properties suitable for uniform cell distribution and stable shape fidelity in the full period of in vitro culture and in vivo implantation.However,due to insufficient cell infiltration and inadequate mechanical properties,engineered tissue made from porous scaffolds may have an inconsistent cellular composition and a poor shape retainability,which seriously hinders their further clinical application.In this study,silk fibroin was integrated with silk short fibers with a physical and chemical double-crosslinking network to fabricate fiber-reinforced silk fibroin super elastic absorbent sponges(Fr-SF-SEAs).The Fr-SF-SEAs exhibited the desirable synergistic properties of a honeycomb structure,hygroscopicity and elasticity,which allowed them to undergo an unconventional cyclic compression inoculation method to significantly promote cell diffusion and achieve a uniform cell distribution at a high-density.Furthermore,the regenerated cartilage of the Fr-SF-SEAs scaffold withstood a dynamic pressure environment after subcutaneous implantation and maintained its precise original structure,ultimately achieving human-scale ear-shaped cartilage regeneration.Importantly,the SF-SEAs prepara-tion showed valuable universality in combining chemicals with other bioactive materials or drugs with reactive groups to construct microenvironment bionic scaffolds.The established novel cell inoculation method is highly versatile and can be readily applied to various cells.Based on the design concept of dual-network Fr-SF-SEAs scaffolds,homogenous and mature cartilage was successfully regenerated with precise and complicated shapes,which hopefully provides a platform strategy for tissue engineering for various cartilage defect repairs.

Transformers in medical image analysis

Transformers have dominated the field of natural language processing and have recently made an impact in the area of computer vision.In the field of medical image analysis,transformers have also been successfully used in to full-stack clinical applications,including image synthesis/reconstruction,registration,segmentation,detection,and diagnosis.This paper aimed to promote awareness of the applications of transformers in medical image analysis.Specifically,we first provided an overview of the core concepts of the attention mechanism built into transformers and other basic components.Second,we reviewed various transformer architectures tailored for medical image applications and discuss their limitations.Within this review,we investigated key challenges including the use of transformers in different learning paradigms,improving model efficiency,and coupling with other techniques.We hope this review would provide a comprehensive picture of transformers to readers with an interest in medical image analysis.

Temporospatial inhibition of Erk signaling is required for lymphatic valve formation

Intraluminal lymphatic valves(LVs)and lymphovenous valves(LVs)are critical to ensure the unidirectional flow of lymphatic fluid.Morphological abnormalities in these valves always cause lymph or blood reflux,and result in lymphedema.

Plate Tectonics:The Stabilizer of Earth’s Habitability

Earth is the only planet known to be habitable,and is also unique with its liquid water,and the operation of plate tectonics.The geological record shows that the habitability of our planet can rapidly recover from major disasters or catastrophes,even those that cause mass extinctions.We suggest that plate tectonics,which acts as a link between the shallow and deep,is pivotal for the formation,evolution,and long-term stability of the hydrosphere,atmosphere,lithosphere,and thus life.Plate tectonics links the surface environment with the deep interior of high viscosity,low Reynolds number,low entropy,and low chaos,able to produce a strong healing effect to neutralize catastrophic events.It can transfer the bio-essential elements from the deep interior to the near-surface environment and can recycle toxic elements to the deep.This unique planetary energy and material transfer process of Earth is a continuous,slow-release,and bidirectional cycle,where a change in the surface is slowly buffered by a reaction from the deep,shaping a long-term and stable habitable environment.Therefore,it is considered that plate tectonics is the basic condition for the long-term stable evolution of the Earth’s biosphere and the stabilizer of the Earth’s habitability.

Thermal Equation of State of Natural F-Rich Topaz up to 29 GPa and 750 K

Subducting oceanic sediments and crusts,originating from the Earth's surface and descending into its deep interior,are important carriers of volatiles.The volatiles have significant effects on materials cycling and the dynamic evolution of the subduction zones.A simplified Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-H_(2)O(ASH)ternary system models the relationship of minerals in the hydrated and alumina-silica rich sedimentary layer.Topaz Al_(2)SiO_(4)(F,OH)_(2)is an important mineral in the ASH system and comprises two volatiles:H_(2)O and fluorine(F).In this study,the thermoelasticity of a natural F-rich topaz was investigated using synchrotron-based single-crystal X-ray diffraction combined with diamond anvil cells up to 29.1 GPa and 750 K.The pressure-volume-temperature data were fitted to a third-order Birch-Murnaghan Equation of state with V_(0)=343.15(7)Å3,K_(0)=166(1)GPa,K_(0)'=3.0(1),(∂K_(0)/∂T)P=-0.015(9)GPa/K andα_(0)=3.9(5)×10^(-5)K^(-1).The isothermal bulk modulus increases with the F content in topaz,and the various F contents present significant effects on its anisotropic compressibility.Our results further reveal that the isothermal bulk modulus K_(0)of the minerals in ASH system increases with density.F and H contents in hydrous minerals might greatly affect their properties(e.g.,compressibility and stability),providing more comprehensive constraints on the subduction zones.