Single-cell or low-input multi-omics techniques have revolutionized the study of pre-implantation embryo development.However,the single-cell or low-input proteomic research in this field is relatively underdeveloped b...Single-cell or low-input multi-omics techniques have revolutionized the study of pre-implantation embryo development.However,the single-cell or low-input proteomic research in this field is relatively underdeveloped because of the higher threshold of the starting material for mammalian embryo samples and the lack of hypersensitive proteome technology.In this study,a comprehensive solution of ultrasensitive proteome technology(CS-UPT)was developed for single-cell or low-input mouse oocyte/embryo samples.The deep coverage and high-throughput routes significantly reduced the starting material and were selected by investigators based on their demands.Using the deep coverage route,we provided the first large-scale snapshot of the very early stage of mouse maternal-to-zygotic transition,including almost 5,500 protein groups from 20 mouse oocytes or zygotes for each sample.Moreover,significant protein regulatory networks centered on transcription factors and kinases between the MII oocyte and 1-cell embryo provided rich insights into minor zygotic genome activation.展开更多
A new incremental support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is proposed which is based on multiple kernel learning. Through introducing multiple kernel learning into the SVM incremental learning, large scale data set l...A new incremental support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is proposed which is based on multiple kernel learning. Through introducing multiple kernel learning into the SVM incremental learning, large scale data set learning problem can be solved effectively. Furthermore, different punishments are adopted in allusion to the training subset and the acquired support vectors, which may help to improve the performance of SVM. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can not only solve the model selection problem in SVM incremental learning, but also improve the classification or prediction precision.展开更多
Camellia oleifera(C.oleifera)is one of the four major woody oil-bearing crops in the world and has relatively high ecological,economic,and medicinal value.Its seeds undergo a series of complex physiological and bioche...Camellia oleifera(C.oleifera)is one of the four major woody oil-bearing crops in the world and has relatively high ecological,economic,and medicinal value.Its seeds undergo a series of complex physiological and biochemical changes during ripening,which is mainly manifested as the accumulation and transformation of certain metabolites closely related to oil quality,especially flavonoids and fatty acids.To obtain new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms,a parallel analysis of the transcriptome and proteome profiles of C.oleifera seeds at different maturity levels was conducted using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ)complemented with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)data.A total of 16,530 transcripts and 1228 proteins were recognized with significant differential abundances in pairwise comparisons of samples at various developmental stages.Among these,317 were coexpressed with a poor correlation,and most were involved in metabolic processes,including fatty acid metabolism,a-linolenic acid metabolism,and glutathione metabolism.In addition,the content of total flavonoids decreased gradually with seed maturity,and the levels of fatty acids generally peaked at the fat accumulation stage;these results basically agreed with the regulation patterns of genes or proteins in the corresponding pathways.The expression levels of proteins annotated as upstream candidates of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)and chalcone synthase(CHS)as well as their cognate transcripts were positively correlated with the variation in the flavonoid content,while shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase(HCT)-(encoding genes had the opposite pattern.The increase in the abundance of proteins and mRNAs corresponding to alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)was associated with a reduction in linoleic acid synthesis.Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA),we further identi fied six unique modules related to flavonoid,oil,and fatty acid anabolism that contained hub genes or proteins similar to transcription factors(TFs),such as MADS intervening keratin-like and C-terminal(MIKC_MAD s),type-B authentic response regulator(ARR-B),and basic helix-loop-helix(bH〔H).Finally,based on the known metabolic pathways and WGCNA combined with the correlation analysis,fi ve coexpressed transcripts and proteins composed of cinnamyl-alcohol dehyd rogenases(CADs),caffeicacid 3-O-methyltransferase(COMT),fl avonol synthase(FLS),and 4-coumarate:CoA ligaas(4CL)were screened out.With this exploratory multiomics dataset,our results presented a dynamic picture regarding the maturation process of C.oleifera seeds on Hainan Island,not only revealing the temporal specific expression of key candidate genes and proteins but also providing a scientific basis for the genetic improvement of this tree species.展开更多
Pervious concrete is recommended,which is of great benefit to the ecological environment and human living environment.In this paper,the influences of five water-cement ratios and four fly ash contents to replace the c...Pervious concrete is recommended,which is of great benefit to the ecological environment and human living environment.In this paper,the influences of five water-cement ratios and four fly ash contents to replace the cement by mass with a water-cement ratio of 0.30 on the properties of Recycled Aggregate Pervious Concrete(RAPC)were studied.Following this,based on the Grey relational-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)optimization method,the strength,permeability,abrasion loss rate,and material costs of RAPC were adopted as evaluation indices to establish a mix proportion optimization model.The results show that the increase of water-cement ratio and fly ash replacement level of RAPC leads to decreased compres-sive strength while an increase in the permeability and abrasion loss rate.According to test results based on the optimal model 0.30 was identified as the best mix proportion.In addition,ecological-economic analysis of RAPC raw materials was carried out by comparing different natural aggregates.The results of EE(embodied energy)and ECO 2e(embodied CO_(2) emission)pointed out that the combination of recycled aggregate and fly ash leads to sig-nificant ecological and economic benefits.展开更多
Hydrous minerals within the subducting oceanic slab are important hosts for water.Clarification of the stability field of hydrous minerals helps to understand transport and distribution of water from the surface to th...Hydrous minerals within the subducting oceanic slab are important hosts for water.Clarification of the stability field of hydrous minerals helps to understand transport and distribution of water from the surface to the Earth’s interior.We investigated the stability of brucite,a prototype of hydrous minerals,by means of electrical conductivity measurements in both open and closed systems at 3 GPa and temperatures up to 1300 K.Dramatic increase of conductivity in association with characteristic impedance spectra suggests that partial dehydration of single-crystal brucite in the open system with a low water fugacity occurs at 950 K,which is about 300 K lower than those previously defined by phase equilibrium experiments in the closed system.By contrast,brucite completely dehydrates at 1300 K in the closed system,consistent with previous studies.Partial dehydration may generate a highly defective structure but does not lead to the breakdown of brucite to periclase and water immediately.Water activity plays a key role in the stability of hydrous minerals.Low water activity(a H_(2)O)caused by the high wetting behavior of the subducted oceanic slab at the transition zone depth may cause the partial dehydration of the dense hydrous magnesium silicates(DHMSs),which significantly reduces the temperature stability of DHMS(this mechanism has been confirmed by previous study on super hydrous phase B).As a result,the transition zone may serve as a‘dead zone’for DHMSs,and most water will be stored in wadsleyite and ringwoodite in the transition zone.展开更多
目的在全球范围内,癌症患者的非正式照顾者在其照顾角色方面遇到的挑战显著影响了他们的生活质量。此研究旨在分析癌症照护如何影响非正式照顾者的生活质量,以及非正式照顾者的癌症照护角色转换应对策略。方法按照提高质性研究系统评价...目的在全球范围内,癌症患者的非正式照顾者在其照顾角色方面遇到的挑战显著影响了他们的生活质量。此研究旨在分析癌症照护如何影响非正式照顾者的生活质量,以及非正式照顾者的癌症照护角色转换应对策略。方法按照提高质性研究系统评价报告透明度的声明(Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research,ENTREQ),检索发表于2009年5月1日至2019年12月31日的文献。检索万方数据库、中国知网、CINAHL、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、PsycARTICLES和PsycINFO数据库和灰色文献。采用2018版质性研究关键质量评价清单(Critical Appraisal Skills Programme,CASP)进行了质量评价和主题整合的方法进行数据整用。结果共检索出8945篇文章,6篇文章符合纳入标准。分析关于癌症患者非正式照顾者的生活质量,呈现出一个主题“照顾的挑战”。分析言非正式照护者癌症照护角色转换应对策略,呈现出两个主题:“自我调整”和“寻求正式和非正式支持”。结论癌症照护显著影响非正式照护者的生活质量。为了应对照护过程中出现的困难、平衡照护与自己生活之间的关系,非正式照护者发展出了多样化的应对策略。同时,对非正式照顾者的专业支持和政策支持仍然不足,需要从专业健康照护者和政策制定者两个角度进行完善和提升。展开更多
There are five hot springs named separately SHANGT,ZHONGT,WENT,XIAT and SHENT in Lushan County,Pingdingshan City,Henan Province.The archaeal diversity of the five hot springs was investigated and analyzed.16 S rD NA v...There are five hot springs named separately SHANGT,ZHONGT,WENT,XIAT and SHENT in Lushan County,Pingdingshan City,Henan Province.The archaeal diversity of the five hot springs was investigated and analyzed.16 S rD NA v4-5 genes of archaea were sequenced by Illumina Hisiq2500 PE250 technology.The numbers of sample sequences and OTUs were sorted by using Uparse,Mothur,SILVA,MUSCLE and Qiime software.Finally,the archaeal abundance and diversity in the five hot springs were analyzed.87993,67326,44400,48611 and 48495 effective reads have been obtained from SHANGT,ZHONGT,WENT,XIAT and SHENT respectively,and 520,280,678,451 and 437 OTUs have been acquired.The analysis of archaeal classification showed that the archaea from the five hot springs could be classified into 11 phyla,in which Thaumarchaeota accounted for 95.25%and was the dominant archaea.In the genera level,the dominant archaea of the SHANGT,ZHONGT and WENT was Candidatus-Nitrosocaldus,and unidentified-Thaumarchaeota was the dominant archaea in XIAT and SHENT.The results showed that the five hot springs in Lushan are rich in microbial resources.The research provided basic data for further research and utilization of the archaea resources in the five hot springs of Lushan.展开更多
Nanotechnology has significant economic, health, and environmental benefits, including renewable energy and innovative environmental solutions. Manufactured nanoparticles have been incorporated into new materials and ...Nanotechnology has significant economic, health, and environmental benefits, including renewable energy and innovative environmental solutions. Manufactured nanoparticles have been incorporated into new materials and products because of their novel or enhanced properties. These very same properties also have prompted concerns about the potential environmental and human health hazard and risk posed by the manufactured nanomaterials. Appropriate risk management responses require the development of models capable of predicting the environmental and human health effects of the nanomaterials. Development of predictive models has been hampered by a lack of information concerning the environmental fate, behavior and effects of manufactured nanoparticles. The United Kingdom (UK) Environmental Nanoscience Initiative and the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency have developed an international research program to enhance the knowledgebase and develop risk-predicting models for manufactured nanoparticles. Here we report selected highlights of the program as it sought to maximize the complementary strengths of the transatlantic scientific communities by funding three integrated US-UK consortia to investigate the transformation of these nanoparticles in terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environment. Research results demonstrate there is a functional relationship between the physicochemical properties of environmentally transformed nanomaterials and their effects and that this relationship is amenable to modeling. In addition, the joint transatlantic program has allowed the leveraging of additional funding, promoting transboundary scientific collaboration.展开更多
To improve the controllability of the wall-wetting process after the fuel spray-wall impingement in internal combustion engines,the methods of laser etching,chemical etching and surface free energy modification are us...To improve the controllability of the wall-wetting process after the fuel spray-wall impingement in internal combustion engines,the methods of laser etching,chemical etching and surface free energy modification are used to prepare biomimetic structured surfaces with different wettability.The impingement processes of diesel and n-butanol sprays on the walls under different conditions are experimentally investigated.As the surface oleophilicity increases,the spreading radius of wall-impinging sprays decreases.At about 5 s after the fuel injections,the fuel spray droplets hit the walls for the first time,and the secondary breakup and rebound occur.The mixture concentrations of different fuels hitting the various walls reach the peak value.Under a higher surface temperature,the peak value of the mixture concentration is mainly related to the heat flux to the fuel droplets in different boiling regimes from the metal surfaces.The concentration of the air–fuel mixture in the near wall region increases with increasing surface oleophilicity,increasing wall temperature and decreasing ambient pressure.Compared with diesel,n-butanol presents a higher air–fuel mixture concentration in the near wall region.展开更多
Heterogeneous agglomeration (HA) is a very potential technology for coal-fired flue gas treatment.In this paper,the distribution and migration mechanisms of trace elements (TEs such as Se,As and Pb in CFPPs were studi...Heterogeneous agglomeration (HA) is a very potential technology for coal-fired flue gas treatment.In this paper,the distribution and migration mechanisms of trace elements (TEs such as Se,As and Pb in CFPPs were studied on a 30,000 m^(3)/hr pilot-scale experimental plat form.The influences of HA on the removal efficiency of gaseous and particulate TEs were well analyzed.The results showed that Se,As and Pb were enriched in fly ash,and their sen sitivity to particle size is quite different.The content of Se was the highest in PM1,reaching193.04 mg/kg at the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) outlet.The average particle size of the total dust before ESP increased significantly from 21.686 to 62.612μm after injecting the heterogeneous agglomeration adsorbent,conducive to its further removal by ESP.In addi tion,the concentrations of gaseous Se,As and Pb in the flue gas decreased after adsorben spray,and accordingly,their contents in the hierarchical particles increased,indicating tha the adsorbent could effectively promote the adsorption of gaseous trace elements in fly ash and reduce the possibility of their escape to the atmosphere.Total concentrations of Se,As and Pb emitted by wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) are 0.223,0.668 and 0.076μg/m^(3)which decreased by 59.98%,47.69%and 90.71%,respectively.Finally,a possible HA mecha nism model was proposed,where chemical adsorption,physical condensation and collision agglomeration of gaseous TEs and fine particles with adsorbent droplets occurred to form larger agglomerates.展开更多
Tissue engineering provides a promising approach for regenerative medicine.The ideal engineered tissue should have the desired structure and functional properties suitable for uniform cell distribution and stable shap...Tissue engineering provides a promising approach for regenerative medicine.The ideal engineered tissue should have the desired structure and functional properties suitable for uniform cell distribution and stable shape fidelity in the full period of in vitro culture and in vivo implantation.However,due to insufficient cell infiltration and inadequate mechanical properties,engineered tissue made from porous scaffolds may have an inconsistent cellular composition and a poor shape retainability,which seriously hinders their further clinical application.In this study,silk fibroin was integrated with silk short fibers with a physical and chemical double-crosslinking network to fabricate fiber-reinforced silk fibroin super elastic absorbent sponges(Fr-SF-SEAs).The Fr-SF-SEAs exhibited the desirable synergistic properties of a honeycomb structure,hygroscopicity and elasticity,which allowed them to undergo an unconventional cyclic compression inoculation method to significantly promote cell diffusion and achieve a uniform cell distribution at a high-density.Furthermore,the regenerated cartilage of the Fr-SF-SEAs scaffold withstood a dynamic pressure environment after subcutaneous implantation and maintained its precise original structure,ultimately achieving human-scale ear-shaped cartilage regeneration.Importantly,the SF-SEAs prepara-tion showed valuable universality in combining chemicals with other bioactive materials or drugs with reactive groups to construct microenvironment bionic scaffolds.The established novel cell inoculation method is highly versatile and can be readily applied to various cells.Based on the design concept of dual-network Fr-SF-SEAs scaffolds,homogenous and mature cartilage was successfully regenerated with precise and complicated shapes,which hopefully provides a platform strategy for tissue engineering for various cartilage defect repairs.展开更多
Transformers have dominated the field of natural language processing and have recently made an impact in the area of computer vision.In the field of medical image analysis,transformers have also been successfully used...Transformers have dominated the field of natural language processing and have recently made an impact in the area of computer vision.In the field of medical image analysis,transformers have also been successfully used in to full-stack clinical applications,including image synthesis/reconstruction,registration,segmentation,detection,and diagnosis.This paper aimed to promote awareness of the applications of transformers in medical image analysis.Specifically,we first provided an overview of the core concepts of the attention mechanism built into transformers and other basic components.Second,we reviewed various transformer architectures tailored for medical image applications and discuss their limitations.Within this review,we investigated key challenges including the use of transformers in different learning paradigms,improving model efficiency,and coupling with other techniques.We hope this review would provide a comprehensive picture of transformers to readers with an interest in medical image analysis.展开更多
Intraluminal lymphatic valves(LVs)and lymphovenous valves(LVs)are critical to ensure the unidirectional flow of lymphatic fluid.Morphological abnormalities in these valves always cause lymph or blood reflux,and result...Intraluminal lymphatic valves(LVs)and lymphovenous valves(LVs)are critical to ensure the unidirectional flow of lymphatic fluid.Morphological abnormalities in these valves always cause lymph or blood reflux,and result in lymphedema.展开更多
Earth is the only planet known to be habitable,and is also unique with its liquid water,and the operation of plate tectonics.The geological record shows that the habitability of our planet can rapidly recover from maj...Earth is the only planet known to be habitable,and is also unique with its liquid water,and the operation of plate tectonics.The geological record shows that the habitability of our planet can rapidly recover from major disasters or catastrophes,even those that cause mass extinctions.We suggest that plate tectonics,which acts as a link between the shallow and deep,is pivotal for the formation,evolution,and long-term stability of the hydrosphere,atmosphere,lithosphere,and thus life.Plate tectonics links the surface environment with the deep interior of high viscosity,low Reynolds number,low entropy,and low chaos,able to produce a strong healing effect to neutralize catastrophic events.It can transfer the bio-essential elements from the deep interior to the near-surface environment and can recycle toxic elements to the deep.This unique planetary energy and material transfer process of Earth is a continuous,slow-release,and bidirectional cycle,where a change in the surface is slowly buffered by a reaction from the deep,shaping a long-term and stable habitable environment.Therefore,it is considered that plate tectonics is the basic condition for the long-term stable evolution of the Earth’s biosphere and the stabilizer of the Earth’s habitability.展开更多
Subducting oceanic sediments and crusts,originating from the Earth's surface and descending into its deep interior,are important carriers of volatiles.The volatiles have significant effects on materials cycling an...Subducting oceanic sediments and crusts,originating from the Earth's surface and descending into its deep interior,are important carriers of volatiles.The volatiles have significant effects on materials cycling and the dynamic evolution of the subduction zones.A simplified Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-H_(2)O(ASH)ternary system models the relationship of minerals in the hydrated and alumina-silica rich sedimentary layer.Topaz Al_(2)SiO_(4)(F,OH)_(2)is an important mineral in the ASH system and comprises two volatiles:H_(2)O and fluorine(F).In this study,the thermoelasticity of a natural F-rich topaz was investigated using synchrotron-based single-crystal X-ray diffraction combined with diamond anvil cells up to 29.1 GPa and 750 K.The pressure-volume-temperature data were fitted to a third-order Birch-Murnaghan Equation of state with V_(0)=343.15(7)Å3,K_(0)=166(1)GPa,K_(0)'=3.0(1),(∂K_(0)/∂T)P=-0.015(9)GPa/K andα_(0)=3.9(5)×10^(-5)K^(-1).The isothermal bulk modulus increases with the F content in topaz,and the various F contents present significant effects on its anisotropic compressibility.Our results further reveal that the isothermal bulk modulus K_(0)of the minerals in ASH system increases with density.F and H contents in hydrous minerals might greatly affect their properties(e.g.,compressibility and stability),providing more comprehensive constraints on the subduction zones.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.:82030099,30700397 Detail)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2022YFD2101500)+5 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(Grant No.:22DZ2303000)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”Technical Standard Project,China(Grant No.:21DZ2201700)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”Natural Science Foundation Project,China(Grant No.:23ZR1435800)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(Grant No.:XDB32060000)the Basic Frontier Scientific Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.:ZDBS-LY-SM019)the Yangfan Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,China(Grant No.:22YF1454100),and the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai,China.
文摘Single-cell or low-input multi-omics techniques have revolutionized the study of pre-implantation embryo development.However,the single-cell or low-input proteomic research in this field is relatively underdeveloped because of the higher threshold of the starting material for mammalian embryo samples and the lack of hypersensitive proteome technology.In this study,a comprehensive solution of ultrasensitive proteome technology(CS-UPT)was developed for single-cell or low-input mouse oocyte/embryo samples.The deep coverage and high-throughput routes significantly reduced the starting material and were selected by investigators based on their demands.Using the deep coverage route,we provided the first large-scale snapshot of the very early stage of mouse maternal-to-zygotic transition,including almost 5,500 protein groups from 20 mouse oocytes or zygotes for each sample.Moreover,significant protein regulatory networks centered on transcription factors and kinases between the MII oocyte and 1-cell embryo provided rich insights into minor zygotic genome activation.
基金Acknowledgments We thank Drs Fengyong Liu and Sheng Luan at UC Berkeley, USA, for their discussion and help with the writing of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30225037, 30471991, 30570731), National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (no. 2006CB503909, 2004CB518603), the "111" Project, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (no. BK2004082, BK2006714).
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30225037, 30471991, 30570731), the 973 Program of China (2006CB503909, 2004CB518603), the "111" Project, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2004082, BIC2006714).
基金Supplementary information is linked to the online version of the paper on the Cell Research website. Acknowledgments We thank Yun Luo, Jia Jia and Dr Yun Xu at Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, for their scientific discussions and experimental assistance. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30871195, 90813035, 30890044), the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2006CB503909, 2004CB518603), the "111" Project, the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2006AA02A112,), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos. BK2004082, BK2006714, BK2008021).
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30225037, 30400538, 30471991,30570731);the 973 Program of China (No. 2006CB503909, 2004CB518603);the "111" Project, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2004082, BK2006714).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Key Foundation of China(69974021)
文摘A new incremental support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is proposed which is based on multiple kernel learning. Through introducing multiple kernel learning into the SVM incremental learning, large scale data set learning problem can be solved effectively. Furthermore, different punishments are adopted in allusion to the training subset and the acquired support vectors, which may help to improve the performance of SVM. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can not only solve the model selection problem in SVM incremental learning, but also improve the classification or prediction precision.
基金This study was supp or ted by the Funding for the Demon stration Fun ds for the Pr omoti on of Forestry Science and Technology from the Central Government([2020]TG 02)the Hainan Province Innovative Scientific Research Projects of Postg raduates(No.Hyb2019-01)。
文摘Camellia oleifera(C.oleifera)is one of the four major woody oil-bearing crops in the world and has relatively high ecological,economic,and medicinal value.Its seeds undergo a series of complex physiological and biochemical changes during ripening,which is mainly manifested as the accumulation and transformation of certain metabolites closely related to oil quality,especially flavonoids and fatty acids.To obtain new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms,a parallel analysis of the transcriptome and proteome profiles of C.oleifera seeds at different maturity levels was conducted using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ)complemented with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)data.A total of 16,530 transcripts and 1228 proteins were recognized with significant differential abundances in pairwise comparisons of samples at various developmental stages.Among these,317 were coexpressed with a poor correlation,and most were involved in metabolic processes,including fatty acid metabolism,a-linolenic acid metabolism,and glutathione metabolism.In addition,the content of total flavonoids decreased gradually with seed maturity,and the levels of fatty acids generally peaked at the fat accumulation stage;these results basically agreed with the regulation patterns of genes or proteins in the corresponding pathways.The expression levels of proteins annotated as upstream candidates of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)and chalcone synthase(CHS)as well as their cognate transcripts were positively correlated with the variation in the flavonoid content,while shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase(HCT)-(encoding genes had the opposite pattern.The increase in the abundance of proteins and mRNAs corresponding to alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)was associated with a reduction in linoleic acid synthesis.Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA),we further identi fied six unique modules related to flavonoid,oil,and fatty acid anabolism that contained hub genes or proteins similar to transcription factors(TFs),such as MADS intervening keratin-like and C-terminal(MIKC_MAD s),type-B authentic response regulator(ARR-B),and basic helix-loop-helix(bH〔H).Finally,based on the known metabolic pathways and WGCNA combined with the correlation analysis,fi ve coexpressed transcripts and proteins composed of cinnamyl-alcohol dehyd rogenases(CADs),caffeicacid 3-O-methyltransferase(COMT),fl avonol synthase(FLS),and 4-coumarate:CoA ligaas(4CL)were screened out.With this exploratory multiomics dataset,our results presented a dynamic picture regarding the maturation process of C.oleifera seeds on Hainan Island,not only revealing the temporal specific expression of key candidate genes and proteins but also providing a scientific basis for the genetic improvement of this tree species.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52009045)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC0406902).
文摘Pervious concrete is recommended,which is of great benefit to the ecological environment and human living environment.In this paper,the influences of five water-cement ratios and four fly ash contents to replace the cement by mass with a water-cement ratio of 0.30 on the properties of Recycled Aggregate Pervious Concrete(RAPC)were studied.Following this,based on the Grey relational-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)optimization method,the strength,permeability,abrasion loss rate,and material costs of RAPC were adopted as evaluation indices to establish a mix proportion optimization model.The results show that the increase of water-cement ratio and fly ash replacement level of RAPC leads to decreased compres-sive strength while an increase in the permeability and abrasion loss rate.According to test results based on the optimal model 0.30 was identified as the best mix proportion.In addition,ecological-economic analysis of RAPC raw materials was carried out by comparing different natural aggregates.The results of EE(embodied energy)and ECO 2e(embodied CO_(2) emission)pointed out that the combination of recycled aggregate and fly ash leads to sig-nificant ecological and economic benefits.
基金supported by CAS“Light of West China”program(Y9CR026 to X.G.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(442072051)supported by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of the Japanese Government,Grant Numbers,15H05827 and 17H01155 to T.Y.
文摘Hydrous minerals within the subducting oceanic slab are important hosts for water.Clarification of the stability field of hydrous minerals helps to understand transport and distribution of water from the surface to the Earth’s interior.We investigated the stability of brucite,a prototype of hydrous minerals,by means of electrical conductivity measurements in both open and closed systems at 3 GPa and temperatures up to 1300 K.Dramatic increase of conductivity in association with characteristic impedance spectra suggests that partial dehydration of single-crystal brucite in the open system with a low water fugacity occurs at 950 K,which is about 300 K lower than those previously defined by phase equilibrium experiments in the closed system.By contrast,brucite completely dehydrates at 1300 K in the closed system,consistent with previous studies.Partial dehydration may generate a highly defective structure but does not lead to the breakdown of brucite to periclase and water immediately.Water activity plays a key role in the stability of hydrous minerals.Low water activity(a H_(2)O)caused by the high wetting behavior of the subducted oceanic slab at the transition zone depth may cause the partial dehydration of the dense hydrous magnesium silicates(DHMSs),which significantly reduces the temperature stability of DHMS(this mechanism has been confirmed by previous study on super hydrous phase B).As a result,the transition zone may serve as a‘dead zone’for DHMSs,and most water will be stored in wadsleyite and ringwoodite in the transition zone.
文摘目的在全球范围内,癌症患者的非正式照顾者在其照顾角色方面遇到的挑战显著影响了他们的生活质量。此研究旨在分析癌症照护如何影响非正式照顾者的生活质量,以及非正式照顾者的癌症照护角色转换应对策略。方法按照提高质性研究系统评价报告透明度的声明(Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research,ENTREQ),检索发表于2009年5月1日至2019年12月31日的文献。检索万方数据库、中国知网、CINAHL、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、PsycARTICLES和PsycINFO数据库和灰色文献。采用2018版质性研究关键质量评价清单(Critical Appraisal Skills Programme,CASP)进行了质量评价和主题整合的方法进行数据整用。结果共检索出8945篇文章,6篇文章符合纳入标准。分析关于癌症患者非正式照顾者的生活质量,呈现出一个主题“照顾的挑战”。分析言非正式照护者癌症照护角色转换应对策略,呈现出两个主题:“自我调整”和“寻求正式和非正式支持”。结论癌症照护显著影响非正式照护者的生活质量。为了应对照护过程中出现的困难、平衡照护与自己生活之间的关系,非正式照护者发展出了多样化的应对策略。同时,对非正式照顾者的专业支持和政策支持仍然不足,需要从专业健康照护者和政策制定者两个角度进行完善和提升。
基金Supported by the Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(16B180004)Science and Technology Public Relations Project from Department of Science and Technology in Henan Province(172102310211,172102310529)+1 种基金Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of High-level Talents in Pingdingshan University(PXY-BSQD-2015006)National Natural Fund Cultivation Project of Pingdingshan University(PXYPYJJ2016004)
文摘There are five hot springs named separately SHANGT,ZHONGT,WENT,XIAT and SHENT in Lushan County,Pingdingshan City,Henan Province.The archaeal diversity of the five hot springs was investigated and analyzed.16 S rD NA v4-5 genes of archaea were sequenced by Illumina Hisiq2500 PE250 technology.The numbers of sample sequences and OTUs were sorted by using Uparse,Mothur,SILVA,MUSCLE and Qiime software.Finally,the archaeal abundance and diversity in the five hot springs were analyzed.87993,67326,44400,48611 and 48495 effective reads have been obtained from SHANGT,ZHONGT,WENT,XIAT and SHENT respectively,and 520,280,678,451 and 437 OTUs have been acquired.The analysis of archaeal classification showed that the archaea from the five hot springs could be classified into 11 phyla,in which Thaumarchaeota accounted for 95.25%and was the dominant archaea.In the genera level,the dominant archaea of the SHANGT,ZHONGT and WENT was Candidatus-Nitrosocaldus,and unidentified-Thaumarchaeota was the dominant archaea in XIAT and SHENT.The results showed that the five hot springs in Lushan are rich in microbial resources.The research provided basic data for further research and utilization of the archaea resources in the five hot springs of Lushan.
文摘Nanotechnology has significant economic, health, and environmental benefits, including renewable energy and innovative environmental solutions. Manufactured nanoparticles have been incorporated into new materials and products because of their novel or enhanced properties. These very same properties also have prompted concerns about the potential environmental and human health hazard and risk posed by the manufactured nanomaterials. Appropriate risk management responses require the development of models capable of predicting the environmental and human health effects of the nanomaterials. Development of predictive models has been hampered by a lack of information concerning the environmental fate, behavior and effects of manufactured nanoparticles. The United Kingdom (UK) Environmental Nanoscience Initiative and the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency have developed an international research program to enhance the knowledgebase and develop risk-predicting models for manufactured nanoparticles. Here we report selected highlights of the program as it sought to maximize the complementary strengths of the transatlantic scientific communities by funding three integrated US-UK consortia to investigate the transformation of these nanoparticles in terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environment. Research results demonstrate there is a functional relationship between the physicochemical properties of environmentally transformed nanomaterials and their effects and that this relationship is amenable to modeling. In addition, the joint transatlantic program has allowed the leveraging of additional funding, promoting transboundary scientific collaboration.
基金the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(Project code:20220101212JC)Jilin Province Specific Project of Industrial Technology Research&Development(Project code:2020C025-2)+2 种基金Free Exploration Project of Changsha Automotive Innovation Research Institute of Jilin University(Project code:CAIRIZT20220202)2021"Interdisciplinary Integration and Innovation"Project of Jilin University(Project code:XJRCYB07)Horizon 2020 MSCA(Project code:H2020-MSCA-RISE-778104-ThermaSMART).
文摘To improve the controllability of the wall-wetting process after the fuel spray-wall impingement in internal combustion engines,the methods of laser etching,chemical etching and surface free energy modification are used to prepare biomimetic structured surfaces with different wettability.The impingement processes of diesel and n-butanol sprays on the walls under different conditions are experimentally investigated.As the surface oleophilicity increases,the spreading radius of wall-impinging sprays decreases.At about 5 s after the fuel injections,the fuel spray droplets hit the walls for the first time,and the secondary breakup and rebound occur.The mixture concentrations of different fuels hitting the various walls reach the peak value.Under a higher surface temperature,the peak value of the mixture concentration is mainly related to the heat flux to the fuel droplets in different boiling regimes from the metal surfaces.The concentration of the air–fuel mixture in the near wall region increases with increasing surface oleophilicity,increasing wall temperature and decreasing ambient pressure.Compared with diesel,n-butanol presents a higher air–fuel mixture concentration in the near wall region.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2018YFB0605104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42030807)+1 种基金the Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team (No. 2018QYTD05)the Hubei Provincial Key Research and Development Program (No. 2020BCA076)。
文摘Heterogeneous agglomeration (HA) is a very potential technology for coal-fired flue gas treatment.In this paper,the distribution and migration mechanisms of trace elements (TEs such as Se,As and Pb in CFPPs were studied on a 30,000 m^(3)/hr pilot-scale experimental plat form.The influences of HA on the removal efficiency of gaseous and particulate TEs were well analyzed.The results showed that Se,As and Pb were enriched in fly ash,and their sen sitivity to particle size is quite different.The content of Se was the highest in PM1,reaching193.04 mg/kg at the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) outlet.The average particle size of the total dust before ESP increased significantly from 21.686 to 62.612μm after injecting the heterogeneous agglomeration adsorbent,conducive to its further removal by ESP.In addi tion,the concentrations of gaseous Se,As and Pb in the flue gas decreased after adsorben spray,and accordingly,their contents in the hierarchical particles increased,indicating tha the adsorbent could effectively promote the adsorption of gaseous trace elements in fly ash and reduce the possibility of their escape to the atmosphere.Total concentrations of Se,As and Pb emitted by wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) are 0.223,0.668 and 0.076μg/m^(3)which decreased by 59.98%,47.69%and 90.71%,respectively.Finally,a possible HA mecha nism model was proposed,where chemical adsorption,physical condensation and collision agglomeration of gaseous TEs and fine particles with adsorbent droplets occurred to form larger agglomerates.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1105800,2017YFC1103900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82102211,81871502)+5 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty(shslczdzk06601)the Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Program on Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research(2019CXJQ01)the Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province(No.221111310100)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Xinxiang City(No.21ZD006)the Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(No.SHDC2020CR2045B)the Start-up Funds of Talent Construction and Scientific Research in Shanghai 9th People's Hospital(2021rcyj-ld).
文摘Tissue engineering provides a promising approach for regenerative medicine.The ideal engineered tissue should have the desired structure and functional properties suitable for uniform cell distribution and stable shape fidelity in the full period of in vitro culture and in vivo implantation.However,due to insufficient cell infiltration and inadequate mechanical properties,engineered tissue made from porous scaffolds may have an inconsistent cellular composition and a poor shape retainability,which seriously hinders their further clinical application.In this study,silk fibroin was integrated with silk short fibers with a physical and chemical double-crosslinking network to fabricate fiber-reinforced silk fibroin super elastic absorbent sponges(Fr-SF-SEAs).The Fr-SF-SEAs exhibited the desirable synergistic properties of a honeycomb structure,hygroscopicity and elasticity,which allowed them to undergo an unconventional cyclic compression inoculation method to significantly promote cell diffusion and achieve a uniform cell distribution at a high-density.Furthermore,the regenerated cartilage of the Fr-SF-SEAs scaffold withstood a dynamic pressure environment after subcutaneous implantation and maintained its precise original structure,ultimately achieving human-scale ear-shaped cartilage regeneration.Importantly,the SF-SEAs prepara-tion showed valuable universality in combining chemicals with other bioactive materials or drugs with reactive groups to construct microenvironment bionic scaffolds.The established novel cell inoculation method is highly versatile and can be readily applied to various cells.Based on the design concept of dual-network Fr-SF-SEAs scaffolds,homogenous and mature cartilage was successfully regenerated with precise and complicated shapes,which hopefully provides a platform strategy for tissue engineering for various cartilage defect repairs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62106101)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20210180).
文摘Transformers have dominated the field of natural language processing and have recently made an impact in the area of computer vision.In the field of medical image analysis,transformers have also been successfully used in to full-stack clinical applications,including image synthesis/reconstruction,registration,segmentation,detection,and diagnosis.This paper aimed to promote awareness of the applications of transformers in medical image analysis.Specifically,we first provided an overview of the core concepts of the attention mechanism built into transformers and other basic components.Second,we reviewed various transformer architectures tailored for medical image applications and discuss their limitations.Within this review,we investigated key challenges including the use of transformers in different learning paradigms,improving model efficiency,and coupling with other techniques.We hope this review would provide a comprehensive picture of transformers to readers with an interest in medical image analysis.
基金This work is supported by the fundings from National Key Research and Development Program of China 2019YFA0801403Basic Science Center Program of NSFC 31988101.
文摘Intraluminal lymphatic valves(LVs)and lymphovenous valves(LVs)are critical to ensure the unidirectional flow of lymphatic fluid.Morphological abnormalities in these valves always cause lymph or blood reflux,and result in lymphedema.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42272243,41802217,41888101,41890834,and 41961144020)the MOST Special Fund(No.MSFGPMR2022-7).
文摘Earth is the only planet known to be habitable,and is also unique with its liquid water,and the operation of plate tectonics.The geological record shows that the habitability of our planet can rapidly recover from major disasters or catastrophes,even those that cause mass extinctions.We suggest that plate tectonics,which acts as a link between the shallow and deep,is pivotal for the formation,evolution,and long-term stability of the hydrosphere,atmosphere,lithosphere,and thus life.Plate tectonics links the surface environment with the deep interior of high viscosity,low Reynolds number,low entropy,and low chaos,able to produce a strong healing effect to neutralize catastrophic events.It can transfer the bio-essential elements from the deep interior to the near-surface environment and can recycle toxic elements to the deep.This unique planetary energy and material transfer process of Earth is a continuous,slow-release,and bidirectional cycle,where a change in the surface is slowly buffered by a reaction from the deep,shaping a long-term and stable habitable environment.Therefore,it is considered that plate tectonics is the basic condition for the long-term stable evolution of the Earth’s biosphere and the stabilizer of the Earth’s habitability.
基金financial support from the National Science Foundation of China(No.41827802)supported by the National Science Foundation-Earth Sciences(No.EAR-1634415)+2 种基金the Department of Energy,Geosciences(No.DE-FG0294ER14466)supported by DOE-BES(No.DE-AC0206CH11357)supported in part by COMPRES under NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-1661511。
文摘Subducting oceanic sediments and crusts,originating from the Earth's surface and descending into its deep interior,are important carriers of volatiles.The volatiles have significant effects on materials cycling and the dynamic evolution of the subduction zones.A simplified Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-H_(2)O(ASH)ternary system models the relationship of minerals in the hydrated and alumina-silica rich sedimentary layer.Topaz Al_(2)SiO_(4)(F,OH)_(2)is an important mineral in the ASH system and comprises two volatiles:H_(2)O and fluorine(F).In this study,the thermoelasticity of a natural F-rich topaz was investigated using synchrotron-based single-crystal X-ray diffraction combined with diamond anvil cells up to 29.1 GPa and 750 K.The pressure-volume-temperature data were fitted to a third-order Birch-Murnaghan Equation of state with V_(0)=343.15(7)Å3,K_(0)=166(1)GPa,K_(0)'=3.0(1),(∂K_(0)/∂T)P=-0.015(9)GPa/K andα_(0)=3.9(5)×10^(-5)K^(-1).The isothermal bulk modulus increases with the F content in topaz,and the various F contents present significant effects on its anisotropic compressibility.Our results further reveal that the isothermal bulk modulus K_(0)of the minerals in ASH system increases with density.F and H contents in hydrous minerals might greatly affect their properties(e.g.,compressibility and stability),providing more comprehensive constraints on the subduction zones.