Background:Keloid scarring is a fibroproliferative disease caused by aberrant genetic activation with an unclear underlying mechanism.Genetic predisposition,aberrant cellular responses to environmental factors,increas...Background:Keloid scarring is a fibroproliferative disease caused by aberrant genetic activation with an unclear underlying mechanism.Genetic predisposition,aberrant cellular responses to environmental factors,increased inflammatory cytokines and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)phenomena are known as major contributors.In this study,we aimed to identify the molecular drivers that initiate keloid pathogenesis.Methods:Bulk tissue RNA sequencing analyses of keloid and normal tissues along with ex vivo and in vitro tests were performed to identify the contributing genes to keloid pathogenesis.An animal model of inflammatory keloid scarring was reproduced by replication of a skin fibrosis model with intradermal bleomycin injection in C57BL/6 mice.Results:Gene set enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of Wnt family member 5A(WNT5A)expression and genes associated with EMT in keloid tissues.Consistently,human keloid tissues and the bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis animal model showed significantly increased expression ofWNT5A and EMT markers.Increased activation of the interleukin(IL)-6/Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)pathway and subsequent elevation of EMT markerswas also observed in keratinocytes co-cultured withWNT5A-activated fibroblasts or keloid fibroblasts.Furthermore,WNT5A silencing and the blockage of IL-6 secretion via neutralizing IL-6 antibody reversed hyperactivation of the STAT pathway and EMT markers in keratinocytes.Lastly,STAT3 silencing significantly reduced the EMT-like phenotypes in both keratinocytes and IL-6-stimulated keratinocytes.Conclusions:Intercellular communication via the WNT5A and STAT pathways possibly underlies a partial mechanism of EMT-like phenomena in keloid pathogenesis.IL-6 secreted from WNT5A-activated fibroblasts or keloid fibroblasts activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in adjacent keratinocytes which in turn express EMT markers.A better understanding of keloid development and the role of WNT5A in EMT will promote the development of next-generation targeted treatments for keloid scars.展开更多
Tomato （Solanum lycopersicum） is the second most important vegetable crop globally, with a total world production valued at over $74 billion （FAOSTAT Statistics Database, 2009）. Tomato is also an important model c...Tomato （Solanum lycopersicum） is the second most important vegetable crop globally, with a total world production valued at over $74 billion （FAOSTAT Statistics Database, 2009）. Tomato is also an important model crop for fruit development and disease resistance.展开更多
基金supported by the Health Fellowship Foundation,Seoul,Korea.
文摘Background:Keloid scarring is a fibroproliferative disease caused by aberrant genetic activation with an unclear underlying mechanism.Genetic predisposition,aberrant cellular responses to environmental factors,increased inflammatory cytokines and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)phenomena are known as major contributors.In this study,we aimed to identify the molecular drivers that initiate keloid pathogenesis.Methods:Bulk tissue RNA sequencing analyses of keloid and normal tissues along with ex vivo and in vitro tests were performed to identify the contributing genes to keloid pathogenesis.An animal model of inflammatory keloid scarring was reproduced by replication of a skin fibrosis model with intradermal bleomycin injection in C57BL/6 mice.Results:Gene set enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of Wnt family member 5A(WNT5A)expression and genes associated with EMT in keloid tissues.Consistently,human keloid tissues and the bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis animal model showed significantly increased expression ofWNT5A and EMT markers.Increased activation of the interleukin(IL)-6/Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)pathway and subsequent elevation of EMT markerswas also observed in keratinocytes co-cultured withWNT5A-activated fibroblasts or keloid fibroblasts.Furthermore,WNT5A silencing and the blockage of IL-6 secretion via neutralizing IL-6 antibody reversed hyperactivation of the STAT pathway and EMT markers in keratinocytes.Lastly,STAT3 silencing significantly reduced the EMT-like phenotypes in both keratinocytes and IL-6-stimulated keratinocytes.Conclusions:Intercellular communication via the WNT5A and STAT pathways possibly underlies a partial mechanism of EMT-like phenomena in keloid pathogenesis.IL-6 secreted from WNT5A-activated fibroblasts or keloid fibroblasts activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in adjacent keratinocytes which in turn express EMT markers.A better understanding of keloid development and the role of WNT5A in EMT will promote the development of next-generation targeted treatments for keloid scars.
文摘Tomato （Solanum lycopersicum） is the second most important vegetable crop globally, with a total world production valued at over $74 billion （FAOSTAT Statistics Database, 2009）. Tomato is also an important model crop for fruit development and disease resistance.
